Educational Costs and the Instructional Portfolio: Challenges and Solutions for Analyzing Educational Costs
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1 Educational Costs and the Instructional Portfolio: Challenges and Solutions for Analyzing Educational Costs AIRUM 2011 Peter M. Radcliffe Executive Director Office of Planning and Analysis University of Minnesota
2 Presentation Plan 1. Why do we care about costs? 2. How do we think about costs? 3. How has the Delta Cost Project thought about costs? 4. What issues are there with the Delta Cost Project approach? 5. How might we try to address those issues? 6. What does that tell us? 7. Where do we go from there?
3 Inflation Indexes: 1983 to Index Value (1983=100) DPI HEPI CPI
4 Minnesota Higher Education Expenditures per $1,000 Disposable Income: FY1961 to FY2011 $16.00 $14.00 $12.00 $10.00 $8.00 $6.00 $4.00 $2.00 $
5 Average Sticker Price: Four Year Public Tuition and Fees $9,000 $8,000 $7,000 $6,000 $5,000 $4,000 $3,000 $2,000 $1,000 $0
6 Costs vs Price Value of required inputs Amount paid by consumer
7 Direct vs Indirect Costs
8 Delta Cost Project Funded by Lumina Foundation Produces report on costs annually with associated data repository and web tools Generates additional papers and presentations Attempts to compare across sectors and levels of institutions to look at relative costs, and share paid by students or subsidized
9 IPEDS Financial Reporting: Core Expenses Instruction Research Public Service Student Services Academic Support Institutional Support Operation and Maintenance of Plant Depreciation Scholarships and Fellowships Other Expenses and Deductions Total Non Operating Expenses and Deductions
10 Expense Categories used by Delta Cost Project Instruction Student Support Research Academic Support Institutional Support Public Service Operation and Maintenance Of Plant
11 Delta Cost Project: Education and Related Spending Instruction Research Public Service Student Support Academic Support Institutional Support Operation and Maintenance Of Plant
12 E&R Spending Reporting Raw totals Per full time equivalent (FTE) student Per degree awarded Per completion (degree or certificate)
13 Delta State Level Public Research Sector Cost and Subsidy Reporting: Top 10 States CT MN AK WA CA VT DE HI NY PA $0 $5,000 $10,000 $15,000 $20,000 $25,000 $30,000 Net Tuition Subsidy
14 The challenge of state averages Minnesota University of Minnesota Twin Cities California UC Berkeley UC Davis UC Irvine UC Los Angeles UC Riverside UC San Diego UC Santa Barbara UC Santa Cruz San Diego State University
15 FTEs: Equivalent to what? Undergraduate student FTE is calculated as total annual credit hours divided by thirty Graduate and professional FTE is calculated as total annual credit hours divided by twenty If graduate and professional instruction is 50% more expensive than undergraduate, this correction works Our best evidence is graduate and professional instruction is well more than 50% more expensive
16 E&R per FTE 2008 vs UG Enrollment $45,000 $40,000 $35,000 $30,000 y = 31678x R² = $25,000 $20,000 $15,000 $10,000 $5,000 $0 50.0% 55.0% 60.0% 65.0% 70.0% 75.0% 80.0% 85.0% 90.0% 95.0% 100.0%
17 Simulated E&R 2009 Model coefficients: Total E&R Spending per Degree Awarded $700,000 $600,000 $588,288 $500,000 $400,000 $300,000 $200,000 $227,888 $100,000 $ $20,558 $39,248 $16,671 Associates Baccalaureate Masters Doctoral Professional
18
19 SHEEO Four State Study Statewide reporting of instructional costs in Ohio, Florida, Illinois, and New York (SUNY) Compared distribution of student credit hours against the distribution of total costs, and found significant differences Health professions and engineering in particular had higher expenses than credit hours
20 Classification of Instructional Program (CIP) 1 Agriculture, agriculture operations, and related sciences. 3 Natural resources and conservation. 4 Architecture and related services. 5Area, ethnic, cultural, and gender studies. 9 Communication, journalism, and related programs. 10 Communications technologies/technicians and support services. 11 Computer and information sciences and support services. 12 Personal and culinary services. 13 Education. 14 Engineering. 15 Engineering technologies/technicians. 16 Foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics. 19 Family and consumer sciences/human sciences. 22 Legal professions and studies. 23 English language and literature/letters. 24 Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities. 25 Library science. 26 Biological and biomedical sciences. 27 Mathematics and statistics. 29 Military technologies. 30 Multi/interdisciplinary studies. 31 Parks, recreation, leisure, and fitness studies. 38 Philosophy and religious studies. 39 Theology and religious vocations. 40 Physical sciences. 41 Science technologies/technicians. 42 Psychology. 43 Security and protective services. 44 Public administration and social service professions. 45 Social sciences. 46 Construction trades. 47 Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians. 48 Precision production. 49 Transportation and materials moving. 50 Visual and performing arts. 51 Health professions and related clinical sciences. Business, management, marketing, and related support 52 services. 54 History
21 Simulated 2009 E&R Model cofficients: Spending per Degree by Level and Field $8,000,000 $6,000,000 $4,000,000 $2,000,000 $ $(2,000,000) $(4,000,000) $(6,000,000) $(8,000,000) $(10,000,000) aacip1 aacip13 aacip19 aacip24 aacip43 aacip50 aacip52 bach2cip3 bachcip5 bach2cip10 bachcip13 bachcip15 bachcip19 bach2cip23 bach2cip26 bachcip30 bachcip38 bach2cip41 bachcip43 bach2cip45 bachcip50 bachcip52 mastcip1 mastcip4 mastcip9 mastcip13 mast2cip15 mastcip19 mastcip23 mast2cip25 mastcip27 mastcip31 mastcip40 mastcip43 mastcip45 mastcip51 mastcip54 doc2cip3 doc2cip5 doc2cip11 doc2cip14 doc2cip19 doc2cip26 doc2cip30 doc2cip38 dpcip42 doc2cip44 dpcip50 doc2cip52 dpcip level field combinations
22 Predicted vs Actual E&R Spending: Level Field Model $1,600,000,000 $1,200,000,000 Predicted Total E&R $800,000,000 Adj R 2 =.9524 $400,000,000 $ $ $400,000,000 $800,000,000 $1,200,000,000 $1,600,000,000 Actual Total E&R
23 Selected Institutional Estimates: Level Field Model Institution Actual E&R Predicted E&R Variance % Var Pennsylvania State University $ 1,366,000,000 $ 1,210,000,000 $ 156,000,000 13% University of California Los Angeles $ 1,537,000,000 $ 1,380,000,000 $ 157,000,000 11% University of Washington Seattle $ 1,284,000,000 $ 1,180,000,000 $ 104,000,000 9% The Ohio State University $ 1,172,000,000 $ 1,090,000,000 $ 82,000,000 8% University of Minnesota Twin Cities $ 1,085,000,000 $ 1,040,000,000 $ 45,000,000 4% University of Michigan Ann Arbor $ 1,230,000,000 $ 1,210,000,000 $ 20,000,000 2% University of Texas Austin $ 851,300,000 $ 864,000,000 $ (12,700,000) 1% University of California Berkeley $ 841,000,000 $ 926,000,000 $ (85,000,000) 9% University of Florida $ 728,500,000 $ 826,000,000 $ (97,500,000) 12% University of Illinois Urbana Champaign $ 712,200,000 $ 834,000,000 $ (121,800,000) 15% University of Wisconsin Madison $ 675,100,000 $ 885,000,000 $ (209,900,000) 24%
24 Where to next? Undergraduate institutions Model separately Include in comprehensive model Re examine and group CIP categories Examine stability over time Bring private institutions back into modeling Look at additional potential cost drivers, e.g. spill over impacts of research, service, athletics
25 Thank you! Peter M. Radcliffe Executive Director Office of Planning and Analysis University of Minnesota
26 References and Resources College Tuition and Fees Delta Cost Project (home page) x.php (data files) online.org/home.aspx (online data and reports) State spending on higher education
27 More References and Resources Inflation Indexes (Consumer Price Index) ute/hepi/pages/default.aspx (Higher Education Price Index) /PI/state/revised_September /SA51 53_1948_2009.csv (Personal Disposable Income)
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