The Treble Clef. The treble clef began as a stylised letter g, and it is used to show where G is on the staff.

Transcription

1 The Treble lef The treble clef began as a stylised letter g, and it is used to sho here is on the staff. To dra it start on the second line of the staff (the line) And continue like this: Trace the treble clefs onto the staff: Dra 10 treble clefs on the staff belo: g g g g g g g g g g ircle the correctly ritten treble clefs: The treble clef is also knon as the _ clef. Why do you think it has this name? Because it starts on the -line Place a treble clef before the music notes in the correct place: g Printable Music Theory Books - Book One Page 5 Reproducible if current license for this product is oned at funmusicco.com 2010 The un Music ompany Pty Ltd

2 Notes in the Treble lef Name these notes: You can use a rhyme to remember notes on the lines: E_ very _ ood B_ oy D_ oes _ ine And remember a ord for the space notes: Alternatively, you can simply count up from a note that you kno: D E A A B E D E Dra these notes: E A E E D D A E B Decode the folloing music ords : A E A D E A E Printable Music Theory Books - Book One Page 6 Reproducible if current license for this product is oned at funmusicco.com 2010 The un Music ompany Pty Ltd

3 The Bass lef The bass clef is also called the clef because it defines here is on the staff. To dra it, start ith a dot on the line, curve up and touch the top line, then curve donard, finishing on or just under the fourth line. The dots must go on each side of the line, in the top to spaces of the staff. Trace the bass clefs: Dra enough bass clefs to fill this line neatly:?????????? ircle the three correct bass clefs: The bass clef is also knon as the _ clef. Why? Because it starts on the -line Place a bass clef before these music notes in the correct place:? Printable Music Theory Books - Book One Page 7 Reproducible if current license for this product is oned at funmusicco.com 2010 The un Music ompany Pty Ltd

4 Notes in the Bass lef If you ish you can make up rhymes to remember the names of the bass clef notes: on the lines: ood B oys D o ine A lays in the spaces: A ll _ os E at rass Or simply count in steps from a note that you kno: Don from middle : Up from lo : B A D E Match each note to its name: A Write the folloing notes: B ontinue the pattern to name the rest of the bass clef notes: B A Printable Music Theory Books - Book One Page 8 Reproducible if current license for this product is oned at funmusicco.com 2010 The un Music ompany Pty Ltd

5 The Major Scale Music Notation Tip Ho to rite scales correctly Spread the notes out over the space - start ith the first and last notes, so that you don t end up ith all the notes bunched up: Alays remember to rite the clef: and finish ith a double barline: Mark the half steps in this scale of major ith a bracket like this: Write the scale of major in the treble clef: Write the scale of major in the bass clef: Printable Music Theory Books - Book One Page 18 Reproducible if current license for this product is oned at funmusicco.com 2010 The un Music ompany Pty Ltd

6 $ Therefore Time Signatures A time signature appears at the start of a piece of music. The top number tells us ho many beats are in a measure The bottom number tells us hat kind of note the beat is 4=Quarter Notes, 2=Half Notes, 8=Eighth Notes $ $ can also be called common time and ritten as c means that there are 4 Quarter Note beats in a measure. # means that there are _ 3 _ Quarter notes beats in a means that there are _ 2 _ Quarter notes beats in a measure. ill each of these measures ith Quarter Notes: q q q q q q q q q ircle the incorrect measure belo: Dra one appropriate note (either a quarter note, half note or hole note) to complete each one of these measures: h h q Add barlines to complete each of these rhythms: Printable Music Theory Books - Book One Page 31 Reproducible if current license for this product is oned at funmusicco.com 2010 The un Music ompany Pty Ltd

7 $ Therefore Time Signatures A time signature appears at the start of a piece of music. The top number tells us ho many beats are in a measure The bottom number tells us hat kind of note the beat is 4=Quarter Notes, 2=Half Notes, 8=Eighth Notes $ $ can also be called common time and ritten as c means that there are 4 Quarter Note beats in a measure. # means that there are _ 3 _ Quarter notes beats in a means that there are _ 2 _ Quarter notes beats in a measure. ill each of these measures ith Quarter Notes: q q q q q q q q q ircle the incorrect measure belo: Dra one appropriate note (either a quarter note, half note or hole note) to complete each one of these measures: h h q Add barlines to complete each of these rhythms: Printable Music Theory Books - Book One Page 31 Reproducible if current license for this product is oned at funmusicco.com 2010 The un Music ompany Pty Ltd

8 ompleting Measures ith Rests When asked to complete measures ith rests it is important to sho here the beats are Therefore alays remember: complete one beat before moving onto the next irst you ould complete the first beat ith a eighth rest, then finish it ith a quarter rest and a half rest. omplete these measures ith rests: Q H H Adding Barlines S E Q H E Q H Add barlines to these rhythms: Printable Music Theory Books - Book One Page 36 Reproducible if current license for this product is oned at funmusicco.com 2010 The un Music ompany Pty Ltd

9 An Interval is the distance beteen to notes. Intervals In level one e learned to name intervals by number: 1st or Unison 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th or Octave Intervals can also have a classification, hich describes them more accurately. Perfect Intervals The intervals of a unison, fourth, fifth or octave can be described as perfect intervals. Perfect Unison Perfect 4th Perfect 5th Perfect Octave Perfect intervals can be labelled as P1, P4, P5, and P8. Dra the interval of a perfect fifth above these notes: Dra the interval of a perfect octave above these notes: B b Name these intervals by number and classification: Perfect 5th Perfect Octave Perfect Octave Perfect 5th omplete this sentence: The intervals of a Unison, _, 4th 5th and _ Octave are described as perfect intervals. Printable Music Theory Books - Book To Page 5 Reproducible if current license for this product is oned at funmusicco.com 2009 The un Music ompany Pty Ltd

10 Keys and the ircle of ifths The circle of fifths is a diagram that helps us to kno ho many sharps and flats are in each key, and ho they are related to one another. Bb 2 flats 1 flat 1 sharp 2 sharps D Eb 3 sharps A 3 flats Ab 4 flats Db 5 flats 6 sharps or 6 flats B/b 5 sharps B 4 sharps E Start draing the circle of fifths by draing a at the top and middle of the circle: To figure out hat comes next, simply count a perfect 5th up from the, hich is : ontinue around the next to circles and you ll have the keys of D and A: D The number of sharps increases by 1 as you go around the right hand side of the circle: A 1 sharp D 2 sharps A 3 sharps On the other side of the circle, you can go don a perfect fifth from, hich is : Printable Music Theory Books - Book To Page 7 Reproducible if current license for this product is oned at funmusicco.com 2009 The un Music ompany Pty Ltd

11 ontinuing don from e have B flat and E flat: Eb Bb 2 flats 3 flats 1 flat You can continue and make the hole circle like this: Bb 1 flat 1 sharp 2 sharps D 2 flats Eb 3 flats 3 sharps A Ab 4 flats 5 flats Db 6 sharps or 6 flats B/b 5 sharps B 4 sharps E Referring to the circle of 5ths diagram anser the folloing questions: What major key has a 4 sharps? _ E major What major key has a 3 flats? _ Ebmajor Ho many flats does the key of A flat major have? _ 4 Ho many sharps does the key of B major have? _ 5 Printable Music Theory Books - Book To Page 8 Reproducible if current license for this product is oned at funmusicco.com 2009 The un Music ompany Pty Ltd

12 omplete the circle of 5ths belo, and indicate ho many sharps or flats each key has: major major major Bb major 2 flats 1 flat 1 sharp D major 2 sharps Eb major 3 flats 3 sharps A major Ab major 4 flats 4 sharps E major 5 flats Db major 6 sharps / 6 flats B/b major 5 sharps B major omplete: The key of Major has _ 0 sharps or flats. The key of Major has _ 1 sharp. The key of D major has to _. sharps The key of A major has _ 3 sharps. The key of major has one. flat The key of B flat major has _ 2 flats. The key of E flat major has _ 3 flats. Helpful Hint It s easy to remember the number of keys in the circle of 5ths - just think of a lock! There are 12 Keys major at 12 O lock major at 1 O lock etc., etc... Printable Music Theory Books - Book To Page 9 Reproducible if current license for this product is oned at funmusicco.com 2009 The un Music ompany Pty Ltd

13 Writing Major Scales Dra notes beteen the given notes to make major scales: B B B In a major scale the half steps come beteen the _ 3rd and _ 4th and, 7th _ and 8th _ degrees. Tips and Tricks 1 - Alays space the notes evenly over the entire bar that is given. 2 - Read the question carefully, and make sure that you have ansered everything and folloed the directions. 3 - Write very neatly! Write the scale of Major, one octave ascending in hole notes: Write the scale of Major using a key signature, one octave ascending in half notes: Write the scale of Major using a key signature, one octave ascending in quarter notes: Write the scale of Major using an accidental instead of a key signature, one octave ascending in hole notes: Describe hat is rong ith the ay each of these scales is ritten: BB B or B _ Notes are too bunched together, should be evenly spaced Missing accidentals (or key signature) to make it a correct major scale. _ Uneven _ spacing, missing double bar line Printable Music Theory Books - Book To Page 12 Reproducible if current license for this product is oned at funmusicco.com 2009 The un Music ompany Pty Ltd

14 Relative Major and Minor Each major key has a relative minor key, hich shares the same key signature. major D minor Major A minor major E minor The easiest ay to find the relative minor of a major key is to count don 3 half steps: In this example e have found that the relative minor of major is A minor. Likeise to find the relative major of a minor key, you can simply count up 3 half steps: In this example e have found that the relative major of D minor is major. What is the relative minor of major? E minor What is the relative minor of B flat major? minor What is the relative minor of A major? minor What is the relative major of A minor? major What is the relative major of minor? E major What is the relative major of E minor? major omplete the folloing sentence: Every major key has a relative minor key hich shares the same _ key signature. B b Interesting Trivia The music theory system e use has evolved over hundreds of years, and dates back to ancient reece and Rome. The Roman riter and statesman Boethius is said to have assigned 15 letters to 2 octaves orth of tones in around 500 AD. Printable Music Theory Books - Book To Page 17 Reproducible if current license for this product is oned at funmusicco.com 2009 The un Music ompany Pty Ltd

15 The Harmonic Minor Scale The most common form of minor scale is the Harmonic Minor. The harmonic minor is the same as the natural minor, but ith the seventh degree raised by one half step. The seventh degree raised is alays ritten ith an accidental, not in the key signature. The hamonic minor scale of A: The raised seventh creates an interval of a step and a half beteen the 6th and 7th degrees, giving it a distinctive sound. The pattern of hole steps and half steps is therefore: hole step half step hole step hole step half step hole + half step half step Three half steps no occur in this scale beteen the 2nd & 3rd, 5th & 6th, and the 7th & 8th degrees. Write out the pattern of hole steps and half steps in the harmonic minor scale three times: Whole step - Half step - Whole step - Whole step - Half step - Whole + Half step - Half step Whole step - Half step - Whole step - Whole step - Half step - Whole + Half step - Half step Whole step - Half step - Whole step - Whole step - Half step - Whole + Half step - Half step Write the scale of E harmonic minor, and mark the half steps ith slurs: U U U Write the scale of D harmonic minor, and mark the half steps ith slurs: Write the scale of A harmonic minor in the bass staff, and mark the half steps ith slurs: omplete this sentence: U U U U U U Helpful Hint The raised seventh found in the harmonic minor scale is one of the most useful factors in orking out if a piece of music is in a major or a minor key. There are three half steps in the harmonic minor scale, beteen the 2nd and 3rd, 5th and 6th and the 7th and 8th degrees. Printable Music Theory Books - Book To Page 20 Reproducible if current license for this product is oned at funmusicco.com 2009 The un Music ompany Pty Ltd

16 Note alues Table of note values: American Name Whole Note Half Notes Quarter Notes Eighth Notes Sixteenth Notes h h q q q q nnnn yyyy Using the table above, anser the folloing questions: Ho many half notes are there in a hole note? 2 Ho many quarter notes are there in a hole note? 4 Ho many eighth notes are in a quarter note? 2 Ho many sixteenth notes are in a hole note? 16 Ho many eighth notes are in a hole note? 8 Ho many sixteenth notes are in a quarter note? 4 What is the European name for a quarter note? _ crotchet What is the European name for an eighth note? _ quaver ill this line ith quarter notes, four per bar: At each * complete the measure ith a note of appropriate value: European Name Semibreve Minims rotchets Quavers Semiquavers In the table above the eighth notes and sixteenth notes are grouped together for simplicity, hoever hen they are on their on they have tails: Eighth Note e ny Sixteenth Note s NNy Or they can be grouped in tos, threes or fours ith beams: q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q * * * * * * * * h e q q Printable Music Theory Books - Book To Page 34 Reproducible if current license for this product is oned at funmusicco.com 2009 The un Music ompany Pty Ltd

17 ompound Time In ompound Time the beat is subdivided into groups of three rather than to. Simple Time: ompound Time: The primary beat in a compound time signature is a dotted note. ompound time signatures include: In the folloing rhythm circle the dotted quarter note beats (the first bar has been done for you): Identify the folloing rhythms as simple or compound.(look at hether the groups are in tos or threes): ompound Simple Simple omplete this table by draing either a quarter note or dotted quarter note equal in value to each of these note groups, then rite simple or compound to describe the time signature that they belong in. (The first ro has been done for you.) q simple j q j q ompound Simple ompound Simple Printable Music Theory Books - Book To Page 41 Reproducible if current license for this product is oned at funmusicco.com 2009 The un Music ompany Pty Ltd

18 Name these notes in alto clef: Using The Alto lef Write the notes on the staff above each of the names provided in alto clef: B D E A B flat E B flat A B flat A sharp B D E Rerite the folloing music into alto clef: B Rerite the folloing into treble clef: Rerite the folloing line of music into alto clef: B Printable Music Theory Books - Level Three Page The un Music ompany Pty Ltd

19 Adding Time Signatures Add time signatures to the folloing: $ P ( ) Add the correct time signature to these rhythms, hich use pick up notes: $ # P À Printable Music Theory Books - Level Three Page The un Music ompany Pty Ltd

20 Major Intervals When the upper note is found in the major scale of the loer note, the interval can be either _ Major or Perfect. If the upper note is in the major scale of the loer note, the intervals of Unison, 4th, 5th, and Octave are described as _. Perfect If the upper note is in the major scale of the loer note, the intervals of 2nd, 3rd, 6th and 7th are described as _ Major. Name these intervals: Major 6th Perfect 4th Major 7th Major 2nd Major 6th Perfect 8ve Perfect 5th Major 3rd Write the folloing intervals above the given note, using accidentals as needed: Perfect 5th Major 3rd Major 6th Perfect 4th Major 2nd Perfect 8ve b Perfect Unison Major 7th B ircle any of these intervals hich are NOT major or perfect: Printable Music Theory Books - Level Three Page The un Music ompany Pty Ltd

21 The Melodic Minor Scale The melodic minor scale is different to all the other scales in that it is different hen ascending than hen descending. Start ith the natural minor scale. When ascending, raise BOTH the 6th and 7th Degrees When descending, go back don to the normal notes of the natural minor scale. Write the scale of D melodic minor in the treble clef, ascending and descending: Write the sale of E melodic minor in the treble clef, ascending and descending: Write the A melodic minor scale in the bass clef, ascending and descending: Mark hich of these is an ascending melodic minor scale ith a check in the box: Printable Music Theory Books - Level Three Page The un Music ompany Pty Ltd

22 Primary Triads in Major Keys Triads built on the first (tonic), fourth (subdominant) and fifth (dominant) degrees of the scale are called the primary triads, as these are the most useful and commonly used chords. As you kno, the chord built on the first degree of the scale is called the tonic triad. The chord built on the fifth degree of the scale is called the dominant triad, and the chord built on the fourth degree of the scale is the subdominant triad. Primary triads in major: I I In major keys all three of the primary triads are major triads. Write the scale of major, and build the three primary triads on the 1st, 4th and 5th degrees. Label the chords ith both chord symbols above the notes and Roman Numerals belo: B I I Write the key signature and the three primary triads of all the major keys belo, labelling them ith the chord symbols above and the Roman Numerals belo. (The first one has been done for you.) Major I D D Major D A I I I B flat Major B I E E flat Major E A B I I I A Major A I D E E Major E A B I Printable Music Theory Books - Level Three Page 52 I I 2010 The un Music ompany Pty Ltd

23 Writing Perfect adences ill in the alto and tenor parts of these to perfect cadences, folloing steps three and four from the previous page (as steps 1 and 2 have already been done for you). * Please note: There may be more than one possible solution to the cadences on pages In most cases the most common or easiest solution has been given. A D heck against the rules: - Distance beteen parts - ocal range - leading note must rise to tonic - onsecutive 5ths & 8ves It is preferrable to have the leading note rising to the tonic in the soprano voice. Hoever if e are given the top part to harmonize ithout this in the soprano then it can be placed in the alto or tenor parts. Harmonize the folloing perfect cadences: E I Am i I Printable Music Theory Books - Level Three Page 65 B B Em i 2010 The un Music ompany Pty Ltd

24 Section 7 A Modern Approach to Harmony Piano Style Harmony Imagine no that e no have to apply our ne knoledge about chords and harmony to a more modern setting, and e ve been asked to rite a piano part for a song. We are going to sho you an example using just a simple chord progression like this: 7 The easiest ay to harmonize it is simply ith block chords, moving as smoothly as you can from one chord to another. Notice in the example belo that the common tones beteen chords stay the same. 7 When riting for piano style chords: enerally there are three notes for the right hand, and the bass note for the left hand Make sure that your notes in the right hand are not spaced more than an octave apart, as it ill be very difficult to play! * many different voicings are possible. only one possible solution is given Add block chord harmony to the folloing phrase, ith to chords per bar: 7 7 Printable Music Theory Books - Level Three Page The un Music ompany Pty Ltd

25 Starting on A is the Aeolian mode, hich is the same as the natural minor scale. The final mode starting on B is the Locrian mode. omplete this table: Scale commences on: Name of mode: Half steps occur beteen degrees: D E A B Ionian Mode Dorian Mode Phrygian Mode Lydian Mode Mixolydian Mode Aeolian Mode Locrian Mode 3rd & 4th, 7th & 8th 2nd & 3rd, 6th & 7th 1st & 2nd, 5th & 6th 4th & 5th, 7th & 8th 3rd & 4th, 6th & 7th 2nd & 3rd, 5th & 6th 1st & 2nd, 4th & 5th Write out the seven modal scales starting on each of the hite notes of the piano beginning on. Label them ith their modal name, and mark the half steps ith slurs. _ Ionian D _ Dorian E _ Phrygian Mixolydian _ Aeolian A _ Locrian B Lydian Printable Music Theory Books - Level our Page The un Music ompany Pty Ltd

26 Primary and Secondary Triads Triads built on the root, fourth or fifth degrees of the scale are knon as primary triads. Triads built on the other degrees (the second, third, sixth & seventh) are knon as secondary triads. primary secondary secondary primary primary secondary secondary primary The three primary triads also have other names: The triad built on the first degree is knon as the _ tonic triad. The triad build on the fourth degree is knon as the _ subdominant triad. The triad build on the fifth degree is knon as the _ dominant triad. ircle the secondary triads belo from the key of B flat major: Write the folloing triads: tonic triad major tonic triad E minor dominant triad major dominant triad E major subdominant triad D major subdominant triad minor dominant triad D minor (harmonic form) dominant triad major Write the three primary triads from each of the folloing keys, then name them ith chord symbols above and Roman Numerals belo: A major minor (harmonic form) A Printable Music Theory Books - Level our Page 23 I D I E m i m iv D 2011 The un Music ompany Pty Ltd

27 Simple Phrases or Harmonizing Harmonize these phrases using just chords I, ii, I, and vi. i I I I vi vi vi ii I ii iv I I I i Printable Music Theory Books - Level our Page The un Music ompany Pty Ltd

28 Using Secondary hords Harmonize this traditional tune ( Hey Diddle Diddle ) using just primary chords, ith one chord per measure: D7 D7 D7 Harmonize the same tune again using up to to chords per bar, incorporating some secondary chords: There are many correct ansers to this exercise - this is just one possible harmonization: Em Am7 D7 Em Am D7 Am Em Bm D7 Printable Music Theory Books - Level our Page The un Music ompany Pty Ltd