World War II Section 3. The Holocaust

Transcription

1 World War II Section 3 Content Statement 16/Learning Goal Explain how and why oppression and discrimination resulted in the Armenian Genocide during World War I and the Holocaust during World War II. Ch 12-2;13-4; 14-3 The Holocaust

2 World What War does II oppression and discrimination Section mean? 3 Discrimination=thoughts Treating people a certain way because of a trait or characteristic Anti-Semitism Oppression= action Mistreatment of people Nuremburg Laws Concentration camps Final Solution

3 **REVIEW CH 12-2**Armenian Massacre World War II Section 3 Armenian Massacre/Blue Print for Holocaust Different conflict elsewhere in Ottoman Empire during Gallipoli Campaign Russia launched attack in Caucasus Caucasus Mountain region between Black and Caspian seas Home to ethnic Christian Armenians, minority in Muslim Ottoman Empire. Armenians prosperous Use of Force Ottoman leaders claimed Armenians aided Russians Began forcibly removing Armenians from Caucasus, spring 1915 Violence, starvation 600,000 Armenians died in massacre 1.5 million deaths recent report Ottoman leaders accused of genocide, destruction of racial, political or cultural group

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5 World War II Armenian Massacre Section 3 Who today after all speaks of the annihilation of the Armenians? -Adolf Hitler eight days before invading Poland Taken from: 60 Minutes: Turkey and Armenia s Battle over History

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7 **REVIEW 13-4**11)Nazi Anti-Semitism World War II Section 3 A key component of the Nazi system was strong anti-semitic beliefs. Anti-Semitism is hostility toward or prejudice against Jews. Hitler blamed Jews for many of German s problems, including its defeat in World War I. Long History Anti-Semitism had long history in largely Christian Europe Nazi anti-semitism combined this with false beliefs that Jews were separate race Combined religious prejudice with hatred based on ancestry Laws Excluding Jews Many laws passed excluding Jews from mainstream German life 1935 Nuremberg Laws created separate legal status for Jews Eliminated citizenship, civil and property rights Right to work was limited Nuremberg Laws defined a person as Jewish based on ancestry of grandparents not religious beliefs.

8 World **REVIEW War II 13-4** 11) Nazi Anti-Semitism Section 3 Nazis mounted more direct attacks on Jews November 9 and 10, 1938, anti-jewish riots across Germany, Austria Attack known as Kristallnacht, Night of Broken Glass Nearly 100 Jews killed Thousands of Jewish businesses, places of worship damaged, destroyed Greater horrors yet to come Hitler s Germany about to lead world into history s bloodiest war

9 World War **REVIEW II 13-4**11.Nazi Anti-Semitism Section 3 Germany s Jewish population in 1933: 505,000 Germany s Overall population in 1933: 67,000,000 Less than.75% of population

10 World Jewish War population II in 1939: Blame outside Section forces 3

11 World War II Ch 14-3 Vocabulary Section 3 Deported: Final Solution: Ghetto: Concentration camps: Holocaust:

12 World War II Ch 14-3 Vocabulary Section 3 Deported: forced to leave a country. Final Solution: the Nazi Party s plan to murder the entire Jewish population of Europe and the Soviet Union. Ghetto: an area where minority groups live. Concentration camps: detention sites created for military or political purposes to confine, terrorize, and in some cases, kill civilians. Holocaust: the killing of millions of Jews and others by the Nazis during WWII.

13 World War **REVIEW** II Ch 13-4 Vocabulary Section 3 Anti-Semitism: hostility or prejudice towards Jews. REVIEW DREYFUS AFFAIR. Nuremberg Laws: Nazi laws that eliminated citizenship and many civilian and property rights for Jews. Kristallnacht: night of broken glass ; an event that occurred on the nights of November 9 and 10 in which Hitler s Nazis encouraged Germans to riot against Jews; nearly 100 Jews died.

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15 World War II Section 3 Main Idea The Holocaust During World War II, Germany s Nazi government deliberately murdered some 6 million Jews and 5 million others in Europe. These actions became known as the Holocaust.

16 World War II Section 3 1)Nazi Anti-Semitism At the time of Hitler s rise to power, 9 million Jews lived in Europe. Hitler blamed Jews for Germany s problems Promoted belief of racial superiority of German people No factual basis for anti-semitism No factual basis for claims about master race Many Germans found Hitler s twisted vision appealing Germans had suffered through World War I Humiliation of Treaty of Versailles Economic crises of 1920s and 1930s Jews a convenient scapegoat, blamed for wrongs in Germany

17 World War II Section Olympic Games in Berlin: Owens wins gold in 100,200, Long Jump and 4x100 relay.

18 1)Long History of Anti-Semitism World War II Section 3 In Europe Hostility based on religion Under Hitler Hatred based on race 13-4 Nuremberg Laws Separate legal status for German Jews. Deportation Thousands of Jews deported

19 1) Limited emigration options World War II Section 3 Nazi laws left Jews without money, without property Countries unwilling to take in poor immigrants. Compete for jobs 1) Aftermath of Great Depression Nations recovering economically; jobs scarce Strict limits set on number of Germans allowed in 250,000 Jews trapped at start of war Germany outlawed emigration late in 1941

20 2)The Final Solution /The killings Begin World War II Section 3 Conquered areas of Europe Millions of Jews came under Hitler s power Nazi leaders adopted Final Solution the deliberate mass execution of Jews Killing begins Brutal treatment of Jewish civilians Forced to live in ghettos within a city 400,000 Jews confined to Warsaw ghetto of 1.5 square miles Western New York City most congested square mile 49,708 in 2010 according to census data. Concentration camps Slave labor camps set up to hold these enemies of the state Cruel medical experiments Large-scale executions with civilians gunned down

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22 World War II Section 3 After Germany s invasion of the Soviet Union, Hitler called for the destruction of all European Jews. 2)Einsatzgruppen Mobile killing units Carried out large-scale executions Babi Yar, Russia 35,000 Jews murdered 2)After )Victims 6 million Jews died in genocidal campaign called Holocaust 2 of every 3 Jews in Europe died as a result of Holocaust Nazis killed 5 million others they considered inferior as well Included Poles, Slavs, Gypsies, homosexuals, and those with disabilities, any enemy of the state. 4)Too much evidence Germans did not want world to know Special death camps established Gas chambers and furnaces used

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24 4) The World Reacts**Did Allies do enough?** website World War II Section 3 Other countries were aware of Hitler s anti-semitism in the 1930s. After the outbreak of war, the extent of Hitler s brutality was shielded from the outside world. Reports of killings By 1942, people heard disturbing reports of widespread killings Reports confirmed; no concrete action was taken War Refugee Board established in 1944, aided Government inaction Allies primarily concerned with larger war effort Camps and railroad lines not bombed Apathy and anti-semitism also contributed 200,000 Jews As the Allies pushed Germans back, the concentration camps were discovered, in spite of German attempts to cover up evidence.

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26 World War II Section 3 Actions revealed January 1945, Soviet troops found 7,000 starving survivors at Auschwitz Evidence showed number of prisoners once held there Buchenwald and other camps Scenes of horror Hardened combat veterans unable to describe the death and destruction Clear picture of Hitler s control 5) Auschwitz April 1945, Americans reached Buchenwald to find thousands of corpses; remaining inmates near death British reached Bergen-Belsen camp, finding 35,000 bodies Nazi hopes of world domination would not last

27 World War II p. 459 Focus on Writing Section 3 Could the Allies have done more to lessen the loss of life during the Holocaust? Yes or no. If no why? If yes, what actions should the Allies have taken. Write at least 4 sentences to justify your response.

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