WHI.09: Europe During the Middle Ages from 500 to 1000 A.D.

Transcription

1 Name: Date: Period: WHI09: Europe During the Middle Ages from 500 to 1000 AD The student will demonstrate knowledge of Western Europe during the Middle Ages from about 500 to 1000 AD in terms of its impact on Western civilization by a) sequencing events related to the spread and influence of Christianity and the Catholic Church throughout Europe; b) explaining the structure of feudal society and its economic, social, and political effects; c) explaining the rise of Frankish kings, the Age of Charlemagne, and the revival of the idea of the Roman Empire; d) sequencing events related to the invasions, settlements, and influence of migratory groups, including Angles, Saxons, Magyars, and Vikings Notes WHI09: Europe During the Middle Ages from 500 to 1000 AD 1

2 Essential Understandings of Europe During the Middle Ages from 500 to 1000 AD 1 The Roman Catholic Church grew in importance after Roman authority declined It became the unifying force in western Europe 2 During the Middle Ages, the Pope anointed the Emperors, missionaries carried Christianity to the Germanic tribes, and the Church served the social, political, and religious needs of the people 3 The decline of Roman influence in Western Europe left people with little protection against invasion, so they entered into feudal agreements with land-holding lords who promised them protection 4 Frankish kings used military power to expand their territory 5 The alliance between Frankish kings and the church reestablished Roman culture (Christianity) in Western Europe 6 Invasions by Angles, Saxons, Magyars, and Vikings disrupted the social, economic, and political order of Europe Essential Questions about Early Middle Ages 1 How and why did the Church grow in importance during the Middle Ages? 2 How did a feudal society develop in Europe during the Middle Ages? 3 How did the medieval manor function as a social and economic system? 4 How did Charlemagne revive the idea of the Roman Empire? 5 How did invasions by the Angles, Saxons, Magyars, and Vikings influence the development of Europe? Why do I need to know this? will know how this knowledge influences me today Notes WHI09: Europe During the Middle Ages from 500 to 1000 AD 2

3 Europe About 843 Directions: Please put the following places on your map where they belong Use the map in your book on page 315 British Isles, England, Denmark, Angles/Saxons (it s where the Danes are), Sweden, Scandinavians, Baltic Peoples, Slavic States, Saxony, East Frankish Kingdom (Louis the German), Central Kingdom (Lothair), West Frankish Kingdom (Charles the Bald), Brittany, Tours, Paris, Caliphate of Cordova, Cordoba, Corsica, Sardinia, Rome, Sicily, Muslim Africa Color in Charlemagne s Empire Notes WHI09: Europe During the Middle Ages from 500 to 1000 AD 3

4 Invasions Trigger Changes in Western Europe I The Downfall of Rome 1 With the downfall of the Roman Empire, there were many changes in Western Europe a Disruption of Trade invasions caused many businesses to collapse b Downfall of Cities with the fall of the Roman Empire, cities were abandoned as centers of administration c Population Shifts nobles retreated to the rural areas d Decline of Learning the Germanic invaders could not read or write e Loss of a Common Language Latin began to change from region to region by the 800s, French, Spanish and other Romance languages had evolved II Growing Influence of the Church 1 The Catholic Church survived the fall of the Roman Empire and became the only unifying force in Europe 2 during the Middle Ages, the Pope anointed the Emperors, missionaries carried Christianity to the Germanic tribes, and the Church served the social, political, and religious needs of the people a under Pope Gregory I, the papacy also became a secular, or worldly, power in politics, not just a religious power b Gregory I used church revenues to raise armies, repair roads, and help the poor c according to Gregory I, the entire region from Italy to England, from Spain to western Germany fell under his responsibility d this idea of a churchly kingdom, ruled by a pope, would become a central theme of the Middle Ages 3 Monks and Monasteries a to adapt to rural conditions, the Church built religious communities called monasteries b around 520, Benedict, an Italian monk, began writing a book describing a strict yet practical set of rules for monasteries c monks opened schools maintained libraries, and copied books; preserved Greco-Roman culture d monks also made beautiful copies of religious writings called illuminated manuscripts, decorated with ornate letters and brilliant pictures e missionaries carried Christianity and Latin alphabet to Germanic tribes (who couldn t read or write) Emergence of Germanic Kingdoms I The Franks 1 After the Roman Empire dissolved, small kingdoms sprang up all over Europe 2 The Foundations of Medieval Society a Classical heritage of the Roman Empire b Christian Beliefs c Customs of the Germanic Tribes 3 the Franks controlled the largest and strongest of Europe s kingdoms 4 Clovis the first king of the unified Franks (founder of the Merovingian Dynasty) a Converted to Christianity because of his wife b The Pope welcomed Clovis s conversion and supported his military campaigns c Made Paris his capital 5 Charles Martel founder of the Carolingian Dynasty a Expanded the Franks territory south to the Mediterranean Sea b Defeated the Muslims at the Battle of Tours (halting the Muslim expansion into Europe) II Charlemagne 1 Grandson of Charles Martel Notes WHI09: Europe During the Middle Ages from 500 to 1000 AD 4

5 2 Expanded the Frankish kingdom East, conquering most of Western Europe a His conquests helped spread Christianity 3 In 800, the Carolingian Empire exceeded the Byzantine Empire 4 In 800, Charlemagne traveled to Rome and crushed an unruly mob that had attacked the pope 5 The pope, Leo III, crowned him emperor a Became the founder of the Holy Roman Empire, a reincarnation of the Roman Empire 6 Churches, roads, and schools were built to unite the empire 7 encouraged learning; opened a palace school; ordered monasteries to open schools that trained future monks and priests; monks made handwritten copies of Latin books III Charlemagne s Heirs 1 Charlemagne s son, Louis the Pious, was an effective ruler 2 Louis s three sons, Lothair, Charles the Bald, and Louis the German fought each other for control of the empire a Treaty of Verdun agreed to a truce and divided the empire Notes WHI09: Europe During the Middle Ages from 500 to 1000 AD 5

6 Charlemagne Becomes Emperor Timeline DIRECTIONS: Using the pages indicated next to the dates on the timeline, fill in the important events that trace rise of the Frankish empire Then pick one of the events and draw a picture at the bottom of the page 496 (p 318) 590 (p 319) 732 (p 319) 800 (p 320) New Invasions Trouble Western Europe I The Vikings 1 between 800 and 1000, invasions completely destroyed the Carolingian Empire 2 the Vikings set sail from Scandinavia 3 the Vikings carried out their raids with terrifying speed 4 Viking warships are AWESOME a largest ships held 300 warriors b could sail in only three feet of water 5 The Vikings were not only warriors, but also traders, farmers, and outstanding explorers 6 A Viking explorer named Leif Ericson most likely reached North America around years before Columbus 7 Vikings gradually accepted Christianity and stopped raiding monasteries and settled as far east as Russia II Angles and Saxons 1 Moved from Denmark into Britannia as the Roman Empire declined 2 Gave the area its name 3 England = Angle s Land Notes WHI09: Europe During the Middle Ages from 500 to 1000 AD 6

7 III Magyars and Muslims 1 Magyars were a nomadic people who attacked from the east (a reincarnation of the Huns) a instead of settling in conquered lands, they captured people to sell as slaves 2 the Muslims struck from the South 3 most of Western Europe lived in constant fear and many turned to local rulers with their own armies for protection The Rise of Feudalism I A New Social Order 1 rulers and warriors were making agreements throughout Europe in exchange for protection and peace thus began the feudal system 2 feudal system is based on mutual obligations a a lord (landowner) grants land called a fief to a vassal (person receiving a fief) b vassals provide military protection and other services II Social Classes 1 people were classified into three rigid groups a those who fought (nobles and knights) b those who prayed (men and women of the Church) c those who worked (peasants) 2 most people were peasants and most peasants were serfs a serfs could not lawfully leave the place they were born, but were not slaves Directions: Study the feudal pyramid below Then answer the questions at the bottom of the page Vassal to Vassal to Church Officials Lord to Lord to Vassal to Lord to Notes WHI09: Europe During the Middle Ages from 500 to 1000 AD 7

8 1 Who is at the top of the pyramid? a The bottom? 2 What is the relationship of the people who are higher up on the feudal pyramid to those who are lower? 3 What is the relationship of the people who are lower on the feudal pyramid to those who are higher? 4 What do lords provide their vassals? 5 What do nobles and barons provide the king? b Manors: The Economic Side of Feudalism I The Manor 1 a manor was the lord s estate 2 the manor system was the basic economic arrangement 3 the lord provided the serfs with housing, strips of farmland and protection from bandits 4 in return, the serfs tended the lord s lands, cared for his animals, and performed other tasks to maintain the estate II A Self Contained World 1 peasants rarely traveled more than 25 miles from their own manor 2 a manor typically consisted of the lords manor house, a church, and workshops 3 15 to 30 families lived in the village on the manor 4 the manor was largely a self sufficient community a crops, fuel, cloth, leather goods, and lumber were all produced on the lord s estate b the only outside purchases were salt, iron, and a few unusual objects such as millstones III The Harshness of Manor Life 1 peasants paid taxes: a on all grain ground in the lord s mill b for marriage c to the church tithe (one-tenth of their income) 2 serfs lived in cottages with only one or two rooms 3 at night the family huddled on a pile of straw 4 peasants diet consisted of vegetables, coarse brown bread, grain, cheese, and soup 5 serfs accepted their lot in life a they believed that God determined a person s place in society Notes WHI09: Europe During the Middle Ages from 500 to 1000 AD 8

9 Glossary WHI 9 Directions: Fill in the definition for the term listed Then, in the box on the right, you have to draw a picture OR write the definition in your own words OR write a sentence using the word that demonstrates its meeting Monastery Secular Lord Fief Vassal Serf Tithe Notes WHI09: Europe During the Middle Ages from 500 to 1000 AD 9

10 Summary DIRECTIONS: Choose only one of the following: a) write a summary (25-75 words) of what you believe was the most important aspect of the notes/lecture b) write what you believe to be the most interesting or memorable part of the notes/lecture (25-75 words) c) draw something that symbolizes the notes/lecture to you (has to be different than your title page) Notes WHI09: Europe During the Middle Ages from 500 to 1000 AD 10