Mechanics of solid body (elasticity, elastic properties, Young's modulus) Biomechanics of circulatory system (hearth, vessels, blood, blood flow)

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1 Published on Second Faculty of Medicine of Charles University ( Biophysics Submitted by Marie Havlová on 23. September :00 Syllabus of Biophysics course 1st year of MD curriculum in general medicine Physical units and systems; unit conversions Biomechanics, biomechanical properties of tissues Biomechanical properties of connective tissues Harmonic motion (kinetics, dynamics, energy; Hooke's law) Mechanics of solid body (elasticity, elastic properties, Young's modulus) Biomechanics of circulatory system (hearth, vessels, blood, blood flow) Ideal fluid Bernoulli's equation, equation of continuity Real fluids and blood circulation (hydrodynamics of blood circulation, blood flow) Viscosity of liquids and blood (laminar flow, Poiseuille's law, factors affecting it, methods of determination) Blood pressure and methods of its measurement Diffusion, osmosis, hemodialysis (Flick's laws) Fourier transform Mechanical oscillation, longitudinal and transverse oscillation Principle of sound propagation, speed of sound propagation, acoustic speed, acoustic pressure Acoustic impedance, sound intensity, level of sound intensity, perception of intensity Timbre of sound, pitch of sound Units employed in physiological acoustics Biophysics of the auditory apparatus Audiogram, audible area (threshold of hearing, threshold of pain)

2 Examination methods of hearing, correction principles of hearing defects Infrasound, ultrasound; sources and effects on organism Principles of diagnostic and therapeutical application of ultrasound Propagation of ultrasound in the organism, behavior at the boundary Ultrasonic examination methods Doppler sonography Possible risks of sonographic examination Shock waves, principle of lithotripsy by an extracorporal shock wave Electrostatic interaction, electrostatic field, particles in an electrostatic field, superposition principle, ionic bond Electric potential, electric current, electric energy, work and power Effects of electric and magnetic field on organism Magnetic field and comparison of a magnetic and electric fields Physiological effect of electric current; iontophoresis and galvanization, galvanism, electrostimulation, high-frequency electrosurgery Interaction of magnetic field with living matter; magnetotherapy Nuclear magnetic resonance; principle, application, benefits Magnetic potential energy Gradual formation of an MR image MR and different tissue signal, contrast agents Light and optics definition of terms Electromagnetic spectrum Propagation of light, transmission, absorption, reflection Quantum optic, photons, absorption and emission spectra Mirrors and lenses Magnifying glass, optical microscopy principle, telescopes, optical fibers Sources and detectors of light, eye Eye as an optical system physical characteristics

3 Optical eye defects and correction Eye as a light detector, biophysics of vision Color of light, perception and sensitivity Infrared and ultraviolet radiation Structure of an atom Forms of ionizing radiation, their origin Types and principles of radioactive transformations kinetics X-ray (RTG) radiation, origin, properties and applications Characteristics of X-rays, possibility of their modification Natural and artificial sources of ionizing radiation Fundamental principles of interaction of radiation with the environment Interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter Interaction of directly ionizing radiation with matter Detectors of ionizing radiation, principle of function and medical application Dosimetry and protection from ionizing radiation Biological effects of ionizing radiation, radionuclides in medicine Thermodynamic system, state quantities; internal energy, heat, work First law of thermodynamics Second law of thermodynamics (equivalent formulations) Transmission of heat by conduction, convection and radiation Entropy in living organisms Measurement of temperature, thermometry, thermography, general types of thermometers, medical thermometers Thermal well-being of an organism, regulation of temperature in the organism Effects of lower and higher temperatures on the organism, hyperthermia and cryotherapy Biophysical principle of energy transformation in the mitochondrial membrane Biophysical basis of ATP synthesis at the ATP synthase

4 Structure of biomembranes and membrane fluidity Biophysical basis of transport across membranes Cytoskeleton and its dynamics Intermediate filaments, microtubules, actin filaments Physical principles of cell movement Molecular motors Ion channels Key factors in cell organization of tissues Tissues connective, epithelial, muscular, neural Structure and stability of connective tissue Biophysical properties of epithelial junctions Biophysics of muscle work (muscle contraction) Neural tissues membrane potential Neural tissues action potential, its determination, principle of propagation Laser principle, characteristics and properties of a beam Laser sources Application of laser radiation, lasers in medicine Cytometry (flow cytotometry, cell-sorting, FACS) Infrared spectroscopy Raman spectroscopy Mass spectroscopy and gas chromatography Application of individual optical principles in medicine Endoscopy principle Optical microscopes (microscope for transmitted and incident light, phase contrast, polarization microscope, fluorescence microscope, interference microscope) Electron microscope Fluorescence spectroscopy (steady-state spectroscopy, quenching of

5 fluorescence, lifetimes of the excited state, fluorescence polarization, fluorophores) Scanning probe microscopy Principle of imaging methods based on ionizing radiation (RTG, PET, SPECT, CT) Principle of imaging methods based on non-ionizing radiation (sonography, thermography, MRI) Hybrid imaging methods and the advantages Ionizing radiation in medicine, radiotherapeutical methods Biosignals Non-electrical biosignals, transducers of non-electrical quantities Electrical manifestation of organism and their subsystems Electrodes; artefacts Native record, provocation and stimulation Biosignal processing and analysis; channel Differential amplifiers and integrations of inputs Electrocardiography Electroencephalography Cardiostimulation, defibrillation, electroconvulsive therapy Tissue engineering principle Artificial tissue preparation Cartilage tissue engineering Controlled drug delivery Liposomes properties, preparation Liposomes applications in tissue engineering and controlled drug delivery Source URL (retrieved on :46):