Dengue Fever and Prevention Zika Virus Disease

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1 Dengue Fever and Prevention Zika Virus Disease Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences Pranee Lundberg

2 Dengue Fever and Prevention

3 Dengue Fever Globally, dengue is the most common mosquito-borne viral disease, with an estimated 390 million infections per year and 40% of the world s population at risk. In 2012 dengue fever ranks as the most important mosquito-borne viral disease. Dengue is found in tropical and sub-tropical climates worldwide, in urban and semi-urban areas.

4 Dengue 2010: In Europé France and Croatia 2013: Florida, USA, Yunnan province of China 2014: Lao 2015: Thailand, Vietnam, Philippines 2015: Brazil over 1.5 million cases, 3 times higher than : India over cases An estimated people with severe dengue require hospitalization each year, and about 2.5% of those affected die.

5 Dengue Fever There are 4 types of the dengue virus that cause dengue fever Dengue Type 1, 2, 3 and 4. Unstable but peaks from June to October annually Incubation period: 3-14 days

6 Dengue Mosquito: The vectors Aedes aegypti (Aedes aegypti is a small, dark mosquito with white lyre shaped markings and banded legs) Aedes albopictus (Asian tiger mosquito): a secondary dengue vector in Asia, has spread to North America and Europé) Aedes mosqito

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8 Dengue Fever People become immune to a particular type of dengue virus once they ve had it, but can still get sick from the other types of dengue if exposed.

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12 Dengue Mosquito Aedes aegypti is the most important dengue mosquito It breeds in collections of water close to dwellings Common breeding sites are Domestic water storage containers - tanks, jars, flower vases with water Roof gutters /sun shades Used tires, discarded tins, cans, pots, yogurt cups, polythene bags, tree axils, and places where rain water collects

13 Clinical Case Definition for Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever 4 Necessary Criteria Fever, or recent history of acute fever Hemorrhagic manifestations Low platelet count (100,000/mm 3 or less) Objective evidence of leaky capillaries: elevated hematocrit (20% or more over baseline) low albumin Symptoms: high fever, flu-like, severe headache, pain behind the eyes, muscle and joint pains, nausea, vomitting and rash

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15 Example: Dengue fever in Vietnam About 62,000 cases of dengue fever, a mosquito-borne tropical disease caused by the dengue virus, were recorded throughout Vietnam in the first 11 months of 2015, according to health officials. The peak season: more than 1,000 fever cases recorded per week, infecting nearly 15,000 people and killing 11 during the first seven months of this year.

16 Prevention Neither vaccine nor drugs for preventing infection are available Vaccine is in the process of clinical trial

17 No place for mosquito to live Sanitation environment events

18 Mosquito reproductive prevention Using fishes to eat larvae Putting salt into water

19 Mosquito bite prevention Incense Electronic mosquito net

20 Mosquito reproductive prevention

21 Health Education

22 Zika virus disease

23 Zika virus disease Zika virus disease is caused by a virus transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. The virus is known to circulate in Africa, the Americas, Asia and the Pacific. About 1 in 5 people infected with Zika virus become ill (i.e., develop Zika). The illness is usually mild with symptoms lasting for several days to a week.

24 Zika virus disease

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26 Symptoms of Zika virus disease The most common symptoms of Zika are fever, rash, joint pain, or conjunctivitis (red eyes). Other common symptoms include muscle pain and headache. The incubation period (the time from exposure to symptoms) for Zika virus disease is not known, but is likely to be a few days to a week.

27 Zika virus disease People usually don t get sick enough to go to the hospital, and they very rarely die of Zika. Zika virus usually remains in the blood of an infected person for about a week but it can be found longer in some people. There is no specific treatment or vaccine currently available. The best form of prevention is protection against mosquito bites.

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29 You can read more about Dengue fever and Zika virus disease Jabobsen K.H. (2014). Introduction to Global Health. 2nd edition. Jones & Barlett Learning, Burlington, MA. Skolnik, R. (2014). Global Health d edition. Jones & Barlett Learning, Burlington, MA. WHO (2016). Zika virus disease.