CLOUD COMPUTING. Dana Petcu West University of Timisoara

Transcription

1 CLOUD COMPUTING Dana Petcu West University of Timisoara

2 TRENDY 2

3 WHY COINED CLOUD? Ask 10 professionals what cloud computing is, and you ll get 10 different answers CC is everywhere Gets its name as a metaphor for the Internet Internet is represented in network diagrams as a cloud Cloud represents all that stuff that makes the network work Pioneers Amazon and Google in 2006 describe a new paradigm in which people are increasingly accessing software, computer power, and files over the Web instead of on their desktops. Amazon Elastic Computing Cloud (EC2) Name dates from 1996 Compaq Computer: the future of Internet business called Cloud computing business software move to the Web 3

4 US NIST S DEFINITION Cloud computing is a model for enabling convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (networks, servers, storage, applications, services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction. Source: 4

5 CHARACTERISTICS (ACCORDING NIST) 1. On-demand self-service 2. Broad network access 3. Resource pooling 4. Rapid elasticity 5. Measured service 5

6 SERVICE MODELS AND DEPLOYMENT MODELS Service Models Cloud Software as a Service (SaaS) Cloud Platform as a Service (PaaS) Cloud Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) Deployment Models Private Cloud Community Cloud Public Cloud Hybrid Cloud 6

7 EUROPEAN EXPERT GROUP ON CC-DEFINITION 7 Source:

8 USER PERSPECTIVE Clouds are environments which provide resources and services to the user in a highly available and quality-assured fashion, thereby keeping the total cost for usage & administration minimal and adjusted to the actual level of consumption. The resources and services should be accessible for a principally theoretically unlimited no.customers from different locations and with different devices with minimal effort and minimal impact on quality. The environment should thereby adhere to security and privacy regulations of the end-user, in so far as they can be met by the internet of services. 8

9 PROVIDER PERSPECTIVE Clouds are dynamic (resource) environment that guarantee availability, reliability and related quality aspects through automated, elastic management of the hosted services the services can thereby consist in a platform, a service, or the infrastructure itself (P/S/IaaS). The automated management thereby aims at optimising the overall resource utilisation whilst maintaining the quality constraints. 9

10 DEVELOPER PERSPECTIVE Clouds are environments which expose services, platforms or resources in a manner that multiple users can use them from different locations and with different devices at the same time without affecting the quality aspects of the offered capabilities (service, platform, resource) this means in particular availability, reliability and cost-effectiveness. This is realised through automated, elastic management of the services and their environment. 10

11 EUROPEAN EXPERT GROUP ON CC- TERMINOLOGY PaaS IaaS SaaS Elasticity Reliability Virtualisation FEATURES TYPES MODES Private Public Hybrid Cost Reduction Ease of use BENEFITS Cloud Systems LOCALITY Local Remote Distributed Service-oriented Architecture Internet of Services COMPARES TO Grid STAKEHOLDERS Users Adopters Resellers Providers 11

12 EVOLUTION FROM AN INDUSTRY POINT OF VIEW 12

13 EUROPEAN EXPERT GROUP ON CHARACTERISTICS 13

14 CLOUD MARKET - FOREST REPORT 14

15 EXPECTATIONS IN TERMS OF USE CASES (EU CC EXPERT GROUP) Source: 15

16 SERVICES IN CLOUD COMPUTING Service in CC: the concept of being able to use reusable, fine-grained components across a vendor s network. as a service. Offerings: Low barriers to entry, making them available to small businesses Large scalability Multitenancy allowing resources to be shared by many users Device independence, which allows users to access the systems on different hardware Reliability is often enhanced 16

17 SAAS APPLS AND EXAMPLES Applications include Customer resource management (CRM) Video conferencing IT service management Accounting Web analytics Web content management Examples: office automation applications, e.g. Google Apps including Google Docs, Gmail, and Google Calendar managed services - application that is accessible to an organization s IT infrastructure rather than to end users virus scanning for , antispam services such as Postini desktop management services such as CenterBeam or Everdream Enterprise applications such as Salesforce SFA Application developers are using the Force.com platform to build core business applications, like enterprise resource planning (ERP), Human Resource Management (HRM), and supply chain management (SCM)

18 PAAS Example: Google App Engine, Microsoft Azure APIs offers some support to help the creation of user interfaces, and is normally based on HTML or JavaScript. designed with that sort of use in mind, and generally provides automatic facilities for concurrency management, scalability, failover, and security. supports web development interfaces such as SOAP and REST which allow the construction of multiple web services, sometimes called mashups the interfaces are also able to access databases and reuse services that are within a private network A general model is implemented under which developers build appls designed to run on the provider s infrastructure delivered to users in via an Internet browser. Downfall: a lack of interoperability and portability among providers if you create an appl with one cloud provider & decide to move to another, you may not be able to do so/you ll have to pay a high price 18

19 INFRASTRUCTURE AS A SERVICE (IAAS/HAAS) Hardware as a Service (HaaS) SaaS/PaaS are providing appls to customers, HaaS doesn t. It offers the hardware so that your organization can put whatever they want onto it Rather than purchase servers, software, racks, and having to pay for the datacenter space for them, the service provider rents those resources: Server space Network equipment Memory CPU cycles Storage space Examples: Amazon EC2, Rackspace Mosso, GoGrid 19

20 IAAS BY GARTNER REPORT 20

21 HOW BIG? 21

22 RESOURCES NUMBER YB Bytes Internet EB PB TB Cluster Grid Cloud Supercomputer GB Cores 22

23 SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING: CLOUDS VS. HPC HPC [Batch processing] Advantages: Fast communications Full capacity usage Reliability Predictable performance Disadvantages: Accounting procedures Queues Expensive maintenance Large installations available in few countries Clouds [Services] o Advantages: Fast availability High level of accessibility Programmable e-infrastructure o Disadvantages: Virtualization overheads Costs charged to the users Large installation usage still on request Data transfer is prohibit Non-predictable performance 23

24 SCIENTIFIC APPLICATIONS ON CLOUDS A typical example: From: UNDERSTANDING SCIENTIFIC APPLICATIONS FOR CLOUD ENVIRONMENTS S. JHA, D.S. KATZ, A. LUCKOW, A.MERZKY, K. STAMOU, Cloud Computing: Principles and Paradigms, Edited by R. Buyya, J. Broberg and A. Goscinski 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 24

25 ANYTHING AS A SERVICE (XAAS) Storage as a Service Database as a Service Communication as a Service Network as a Service Monitoring as a Service Testing as a Service HPC as a Service Human as a Service Process as a Service Information as a Service Identity as a Service Application as a Service Integration as a Service Governance as a Service Security as a Service Backup as a Service 25

26 AMAZON SERVICES Amazon was one of the first companies to offer cloud services to the public, and they are very sophisticated most extensive cloud service to date Offers a number of cloud services, e.g. 1. Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) offers virtual machines and extra CPU cycles for your organization. 2. Simple Storage Service (S3) allows you to store items in Amazon s virtual storage service. 3. Simple Queue Service (SQS) allows your machines to talk to each other using this message-passing API. 4. SimpleDB is a web service for running queries on structured data in real time. This service works in close conjunction with S3 and EC2, collectively providing the ability to store, process, and query data sets in the cloud. 5. CloudFront enables to place online content at the edges of the network, meaning that content is delivered from a location close to the user requesting it. 26

27 USAGE OF AWS 27

28 APACHE HADOOP AS A SERVICE: AMAZON ELASTIC MAPREDUCE 28

29 EUROPEAN PROJECTS ON CLOUDS Catching the gaps between technological advances in different continents?

30 EUROPEAN CLOUD INITIATIVES [EC-FP7 PROJECTS] Market Open PaaS Brokering Storage PaaS Web appls Cloud networking Security Testbeds Migration Programming D.Petcu, J.L. Vazquez-Poletti (eds) European Research Activities in Cloud Computing, CSP, UK, Jan 2012, 30

31 UPDATES ON SSAI PROJECTS OCT 2012 Broker Scaling Migration IoT Lifecycle Automatic Cloud Data-aaS Big Data Personal Clouds Energy-aware Mobile Cloud Modeldriven multi- Cloud Testing-aaS Open Cloud Open source in Cloud 31 Source:

32 STAKEHOLDERS EC: European Cloud Computing Strategy dcomputing/index_en.htm EU Cloud providers: E.g. T-Systems, CloudSigma, Flexiant National initiatives G-Cloud Programme in UK CLASS initiative in Slovenia 32

33 MULTIPLE CLOUDS: INTEROPERABILITY AND PORTABILITY Challenges when using multiple Clouds

34 MAIN TOPICS TO ADDRESS (EC EXPERT GROUP) 1. Data Management 2. Communication & Network 3. Resource Description & Usage 4. Resource Management 5. Programmability and Usability 6. Federation, Interoperability, Portability 7. Multiple Tenants 8. Political & Legislatory 9. Security 10. Business & Cost Models 34

35 USE CASES OF MULTIPLE CLOUDS Why? ensure an independence and avoid vendor lock-in by relaying upon the ser-vices from two or more providers; use Hybrid Clouds build from Private and Public Clouds in order to deal with peaks or customer privacy requirements Others: diverse geographical locations; better application resilience; expand on demand; better service level agreements to customers NIST CCSRWG (CC standard, 2011) classification Serially (one Cloud after another) Migration between Clouds Interface across multiple Clouds Work with a selected Cloud Change Cloud vendors Simultaneously (several Clouds at a time) CC Use Case Discussion Group Changing Cloud vendor Hybrid Cloud (Distributed deployment?) 35

36 TWO DELIVERY MODELS FOR MULTIPLE CLOUDS Federated Clouds assumes a formal agreement between the Cloud providers service providers are sub-contract capacity from other service providers offer spare capacity to the federated group of providers. the consumer of the service is not aware of the fact that the Cloud provider he or she pays is using the services of another Cloud provider Multi-Cloud assumes that there is no priori agreement between the Cloud providers a third party (even the consumer) is responsible for the services contacts the service providers, negotiates the terms of service consumption, monitors the fulfillment of the service level agreements, triggers the migration of codes, data and networking from one provider to another. Recommended: 36

37 SCENARIOS FOR MULTIPLE CLOUDS Federation of Clouds Main issue: Main issue: Multi Cloud Interoperability Portability

38 TO SOLVE IN CLOUD FEDERATION Match-making with available external services Live virtual machine migration Interoperability framework Network overlay for connectivity problems Meta-schedulers Monitoring meta-system Integration as a service Intelligent management systems 38

39 TO SOLVE IN MULTI-CLOUD Brokers Uniform APIs Portability Search engines Service selection methodology Automated deployment Service aggregator Governance 39

40 Q&A? 40