Lifecycle Assessment: reusable mugs vs. disposable cups"
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1 Lifecycle Assessment: reusable mugs vs. disposable cups" Refiller, Bern 25 April 2013
2 The comparisons" 4 comparisons are made in this document" #" Reusable" VS" Disposable" 1 ceramic mug paper cup 2 KeepCup paper cup 3 ceramic mug styrofoam cup 4 KeepCup styrofoam cup 25 April
3 Lifecycle Assessment: reusable mugs vs. disposable cups ASSUMPTIONS" 25 April
4 Ceramic mug" Reusable" Brand Material Weight IKEA Färgrik ceramic 300g/mug 25 April
5 KeepCup" Reusable" Brand Materials Total weight KeepCup Lid (PE-Plastik): 20g Cup (PP-Plastik): 41g Plug (TPU): 9g Band (Silicone): 15g 85g/cup 25 April
6 Paper cup" Disposable" Brand Material Total weight 25 April 2013 standard Lid (HIPS): 3g Cup (paper): 12g Coating (PE-plastic): 0.1g 15.1g/cup 6
7 Styrofoam" Disposable" Brand Materials Weight standard Lid (HIPS): 3g Cup (EPS): 10g 13/cup 25 April
8 Lifecycle description 1" Manufacturing / Use / Disposal" Same assumption for all ceramic mug, paper cup, styrofoam cup: - Transport from production to place of use: 800km (truck) for example from Germany. Transport from place of use to waste treatment: 20km (truck) to the next incineration Assumptions for KeepCup: - Transport from production to place of use: km by boat km by truck (produced in Australia). Transport from place of use to waste treatment: 20km (truck) to the next incineration 25 April
9 Lifecycle description 2" Manufacturing / Use / Disposal" It is assumed that no transport is involved each time reusables are washed (washing machine usually located in the same place of consumption). Potential energy recovered from incineration not taken into account as: Incineration of materials does not save much energy while producing a lot of CO2 (Source: %20Comparison.pdf ) 25 April
10 LCA Indicators" Global Warming Potential (GWP) and Non-renewable Energy (NRE)" Global Warming Potential (GWP) " Impact based Unit: kg CO2-Eq / kg Non-renewable Energy (NRE) " Resource based Unit: MJ-Eq / kg 25 April
11 Washing machine" For ceramic mugs" Based on the canteen in the University Basel (Petersgraben 1, Basel, CH) of the firm SV Group AG, the model used for this comparison is: Winterhalter GS515 ( Energy use: 0.12 kwh/rinse cycle Capacity: 20 mugs per basket Water use: 2.4L water/rinse cycle" Environmental impact of washing:" kg CO2-eq/mug (GWP) MJ-eq/mug (NRE) 25 April
12 Hand washing" For KeepCups" Water use: 0.5L water use per cup washed " Environmental impact of washing:" 50% hot water (0.25L): kg CO2-eq/mug (GWP) MJ-eq/mug (NRE) 50% cold water (0.25L): kg CO2-eq/mug (GWP) MJ-eq/mug (NRE) 25 April
13 Break-even" The minimum number of times a reusable cup/mug has to be reused (and washed) in order to be environmentally friendlier than using the same amount of disposable cups. Source: 25 April
14 Lifespan" Reusable / Disposable" Reusable" It is assumed that the lifespan of reusable ceramic mugs or KeepCups is 500 uses. - 1 year, 48 weeks/year, 5 workdays/week, ~2 coffees/day - Ceramic mugs have usually a max. lifespan of 1000 uses - The firm KeepCup offers a warranty of 1 year, the cups are meant to be used several times a day Disposable" Disposables are only used once and thereafter disposed in the garbage. 25 April
15 Lifecycle Assessment: reusable mugs vs. disposable cups SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT" 25 April
16 Summary of environmental impacts" At 500 uses" GWP [kg CO2-eq./cup]" NRE [MJ/cup]" Product" Production" Washing" Total" Production" Washing" Total" Paper cup" Styrofoam cup" Ceramic mug" KeepCup" April
17 Lifecycle Assessment: reusable mugs vs. disposable cups COMPARISONS" 25 April
18 Comparison" #1 ceramic mug vs paper cup" Break-even" LCA indicator Number of uses GWP 13 NRE 25 Comparison (at 500 uses)" Ceramic mugs emit 28 times less CO2-eq. emissions than disposable cups Ceramic mugs require 10 times less nonrenewable energy than disposable cups 25 April
19 Comparison" #2 KeepCup vs paper cup" Break-even" LCA indicator Number of uses GWP 9 NRE 16 Ecological comparison (at 500 uses)" KeepCups emit 35 times less CO2-eq. emissions than disposable cups KeepCups require 12 times less non-renewable energy than disposable cups 25 April
20 Comparison" #3 ceramic mug vs styrofoam cup" Break-even" LCA indicator Number of uses GWP 6 NRE 25 Ecological comparison (at 500 uses)" Ceramic mugs emit 57 times less CO2-eq. emissions than styrofoam cups Ceramic mugs require 24 times less nonrenewable energy than styrofoam cups 25 April
21 Comparison" #4 KeepCup vs styrofoam cup" Break-even" LCA indicator Number of uses GWP 5 NRE 16 Ecological comparison (at 500 uses)" KeepCups emit 70 times less CO2-eq. emissions than styrofoam cups KeepCups require 29 times less non-renewable energy than styrofoam cups 25 April
22 Lifecycle Assessment: reusable mugs vs. disposable cups SAVINGS ESTIMATION OF THE PILOT PROJECT REFILLER-FRIENDLY UNIVERSITY OF BASLE " 25 April
23 Estimation of potential savings" Based in the pilot project Refiller-Friendly University Basel " The coffee at the university is either served in ceramic mugs or paper cups. The status quo is (same period of last year), that 70% of the coffee is served in paper cups. During a pilot project, the introduction of communication measures aim to change people s habits and bring them to have their coffee in ceramic mugs instead of paper cups. During the pilot project the amount of coffees served in paper cups drop from 70% to 10%. Assumption: total coffee consumption doesn t change. Only ceramic mugs and paper cups are taken into account. Timespan of pilot project: 9 weeks (25. Februar bis 26. April 2013) Total amount of coffee served in 9 weeks: April
24 Calculations (only GWP)" Status quo" % of total # coffee sold GWP (kg) Waste (kg) Waste bags (60L) Paper Cup 70% 14, Ceramic mug 30% 6, Total 100% 20, Pilot project" % of total # coffee sold GWP (kg) Waste (kg) Waste bags (60L) Paper Cup 10% 2, Ceramic mug 90% 18, Total 100% 20, Difference (Status quo Pilot project)" % of total # coffee sold GWP (kg) Waste (kg) Waste bags (60L) Paper Cup 60% 12, Ceramic mug -60% (12,000) (25.04) Total 0% April
25 Conclusions" By changing consumption from single-use paper cups to porcelain mugs, the 9 weeks of pilot project at the University of Basle improved the situation in three main ways: " paper cups were substituted by reusing ceramic mugs" kg less waste produced from paper cups (corresponding to 60 waste bags (60L) kg of CO2-equivalent emissions have been saved (corresponding to driving a standard car almost km) " 25 April
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