PRODUCT - SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS (PSR) Wood particleboards PSR 2003:8. The Swedish Environmental management Council Version 1.

Transcription

1 EPD R PRODUCT - SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS (PSR) for preparing an environmental product declaration (EPD) for Product Group Wood particleboards PSR 2003:8 The Swedish Environmental management Council Version This PSR-document is in compliance with "Requirements for Environmental Product Declarations - MSR 1999:2", published by the Swedish Environmental Management Council , as a part of the EPD system. Information about the EPD system and registered EPD s : Comments on the PSR-document, please to: info@environdec.com This PSR document has been prepared within the framework of the EU funded project Intend, coordinated by Macroscopio, Italy. More information at

2 List of contents 1. General information 2. Description of company/organisation and of the product 3. List of materials and chemical substances 4. Functional unit 5. System boundaries 6. Cut-off rules 7. Allocation rules 8. Units 9. Calculation rules and data quality requirements 10. Parameters to be declared in the EPD 11. Other environmental information 12. Recycling declaration 13. References 1. General information This Product-Specific Requirement, PSR is intended for companies in process for validating an Environmental Product Declaration (EPD) within the wood particleboard product category, as defined in EN 309 standard. An EPD can be validated for uncoated or coated wood particleboards: - An EPD of uncoated wood particleboard can be valid for all types of panel produced by the company using annual average values. - If coated particleboard is validated, coating material is specific for an EPD. A company can obtain EPDs of different kinds of produced particleboards only on the basis of the coating material. The PSR is in compliance with MSR 1999:2 ("An application of ISO TR14025 Type III Environmental Declarations" by the Swedish Environmental Management Council"). The PSR was prepared by SAIB S.p.A 1, producer of particleboards and FEBE EcoLogic 2 environmental consultants. Document validity is extended until December

3 2. Description of company/organisation and of the product General information about the company can be included i.e. the existence of quality systems or environmental management system according to ISO or EMAS, or any other environmental management system in place. Wood particleboards produced by the company has to be described on the basis of the classification of EN 309 standard: manufacturing methods, surface coatings, form, characteristics of the particles (dimension and form), structure of the panel and use. A short presentation of the produced particleboards should be provided such as - range of thickness, density, dried wood content, dried glue content, moisture content of the uncoated particleboards; - type and density of the coating material. Relevant information such as specific manufacturing processes beneficial from the environmental point of view can be described. Self-declared environmental claims about environmental performance of the product cannot be declared within the EPD document. 3. List of materials and chemical substances Free formaldehyde content has to be specified, as defined in EN 120 standard. If recycled wood is used for manufacturing, contaminants of the particleboard have to be measured and declared according to the European Panel Federation industry standard 3. List and quantify all materials/substances that are submitted to legal requirements and customer demands. 4. Functional unit The functional unit is 1 m 3 of wood particleboard. Coated surface should be quantified in m 2 specifying coating material. 18 mm - as a general value of panel thickness - should be used for this calculation. 5. System boundaries The life cycle for the wood particleboard is described in Figure 1. 3 The use of recycled wood for wood-based panels, in Annex 2 of the document Industry Standard WPIF/UKFPA/ Code of practice for the application of wood chain of custody criteria to product environmental labelling in the saw-milling and wood panel-board sectors (November 1999) 3

4 Biological tree growth has to be considered according to the following balance: 8.4 CO H 2 O MJ solar energy C 8, 4 H 12 O 5, O 2 +6H 2 O (1851 kg CO kg H2O MJ solar energy 1000 kg dried wood kg O kg H2O) Inventory data about the following unit processes shall be included: Production of wooden raw materials: o Forest activity o Sawing o Recovery o Crumbling Production of glue and its components Production of coatings Transport of wood materials, glue, coatings to the manufacturer of the product Manufacturing of particleboard (un-coated or coated) Manufacturing and use of recovered wood products are out of the system boundaries. WOODEN MATERIALS Forest activity logs GLUE Production of raw materials and chemicals COATING MATERIALS Production of raw materials and chemicals Manufacturing and use of wooden products Sawing mill Chips, Sawdust, Recovery of Rind wooden products Production of glue Production of coatings Production of glues and varnishes crumbling TRANSPORT MANUFACTURING OF THE PRODUCT Production of un-coated particleboard Coating of particleboard Figure 1: Flow-chart of the product system The time period for which the LCA results are valid has to be defined. The boundaries towards nature shall describe the flow of material and energy resources from nature into the system and emissions from the system to air and water and waste out of the system. Building of site, infrastructure, production of manufacturing equipment and personnel activities shall not be included. The boundaries towards other technical systems describe the inflow of material and components from other systems and the outflow of material to other systems. 4

5 For the manufacturing phase the outflow of waste materials for recycling, heat recovery, landfill and waste treatment shall be declared without assigning the environmental impact of the system. 6. Cut-off rules Processes/activities that altogether do not contribute to more than 1% of the total environmental impact for any impact category are allowed to be omitted from the inventory analysis. 7. Allocation rules Allocation among co-products of unit processes should be avoided by detailed system description. If it is not possible, allocation can be done on a mass basis. In case of wooden materials, mass as dry weight should be considered. The inflow of recycled wood enters in the product system without assigning environmental impact derived from processes of the previous life-cycle of wooden products. 8. Units The following units shall be used: SI units. Preferred power and energy units: - kw (MW) for power - kwh (MWh) for electric energy 9. Calculation rules and data quality requirements A dried-wood balance of particleboard manufacturing shall be presented in the LCA study, including: - wooden materials as inputs, - the product as output - wood for combustion as output - waste wood. as output. Specific data defined as primary- or secondary data referred to the system that is going to be analysed or to other systems equivalent from a technological point of view - shall be collected about: production of wooden materials production of glue production of coatings manufacturing of the product (with high attention concerning data quality about electricity consumption, thermal energy consumption, airborne emissions and waste production) The mix of electricity used can be approximated as the official one in the country if site-specific data can not be obtained. The mix of electricity shall be documented. 5

6 Hazardous waste is defined by EU Directives 91/689/EEC and 75/442/EEC. Transport to manufacturer with actual transportation and distance from the supplier. The obtained information should be annual approximate values and updated, i.e. from the previous 12-month period. The following sources of secondary data shall be used for the European market. Material Database Published Steel IISI (International Iron and Steel Institute) 1998 Aluminium EAA (European Aluminum Association) 1996 Plastics APME (Association of Plastics Manufacturers in Europe) Chemicals APME (Association of Plastics Manufacturers in Europe) Packaging BUWAL Electricity ETH (Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule) 1996 Data combined with IEA (International Energy Agency) statistics 1998 Various I-LCA Banca dati italiana a supporto della valutazione del ciclo di vita (Italian) 2000 If primary data is not available, secondary data can be used about the production of wooden materials (forest activity, sawing, recovery and crumbling). Recommended sources are the publications of the University of Hamburg: - Frühwald, A., Speckels, L., Scharai-Rad, M., Welling, J.: Ökologische Bilanzierung von Bauschnittholz und Veredelten Vollholzprodukten, Schlussbericht, G-99/11, Frühwald, A., Scharai-Rad, M., Hasch, J. Ökologische Bewertung von Holzwerkstoffen, Schlussbericht, Information about other used secondary data, such as sources of data for the production of glue components (formaldehyde, urea etc.) and of coating parts (melamine, phenol, glues, varnishes etc.) should be documented in the LCA study. Sources of data for transport models and thermal energy production should be documented. 10. Parameters to be declared in the EPD Parameters shall be declared according to MSR 1999:2, Appendix A: Tasks for companies and organizations. It contains parameters related to resource use, pollutant emissions and additional information: Non-renewable resources without energy content with energy content 6

7 Renewable resources without energy content with energy content Electricity consumption Emission of greenhouse gases (expressed as the sum of global warming potential, GWP, 100 years). Renewable CO 2 (e.g. during wood incineration) and uptake of CO 2 absorbed by trees are excluded from the GWP calculations. Emission of ozone-depleting gases (expressed as the sum of ozone-depleting potential in CFC 11-equivalents, 20 years) Emission of acidifying gases (expressed as the sum of acidifying potential in mol H + /g max) Emission of gases that contribute to the creation of ground-level ozone (expressed as the sum of ozone-creating potential, ethene-equivalents) Emission of substances to water contributing to oxygen depletion (expressed as the sum of oxygen consumption potential in g O 2 /g max Waste generation (classified into hazardous and other waste) Contribution of main life-cycle phases into the total parameter values should be visualised in table or graphic forms. Contribution of the production of coating materials has to be visualised separately, too. Recommended main phases according to Figure 1 are: - production of wooden materials, - production of glue - production of coating materials, - transport to manufacturer - manufacturing of particleboard 11. Other environmental information Information may be included on aspects how the product should be handled during use and maintenance to reduce environmental impacts. A declaration regarding the energetic content of the particle board should be provided. 12. Recycling declaration A recycling declaration may include information on aspects that are important for the understanding and appreciation of especially the recycling properties of the product, e.g. the number of recycling loops before the material is worn out. The recycling declaration may also include information about the dismantling of products and reuse of materials and products, e.g. in the form of: - Information on suitable procedures for recovery of selected parts of the entire products, e.g. how composite materials could appropriately be separated. - Information on a suitable method for reuse of the product (or parts of the product) and the proper handling of the product as waste at the end of its life cycle. 7

8 13. References The EPD shall refer to: - Requirements for Environmental Product Declarations, EPD, (MSR 1999:2) published by the Swedish Environmental Management Council at - The relevant PSR document - The underlying LCA report - Other documents that verify and complement the EPD 8