Lexical Stress in Speech Recognition
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1 Lexical Stress in Speech Recognition Master s thesis presentation Rogier van Dalen 13th May Delft University of Technology
2 Topics Objective What is lexical stress? Properties of lexical stress Model System Results 13th May
3 Objective Can lexical stress be used in a speech recogniser to make it perform better? 13th May
4 Objective Can lexical stress be used in a speech recogniser to make it perform better? Find properties of lexical stress 13th May
5 Objective Can lexical stress be used in a speech recogniser to make it perform better? Find properties of lexical stress Model speech recogniser 13th May
6 Objective Can lexical stress be used in a speech recogniser to make it perform better? Find properties of lexical stress Model speech recogniser Implement speech recogniser 13th May
7 Objective Can lexical stress be used in a speech recogniser to make it perform better? Find properties of lexical stress Model speech recogniser Implement speech recogniser Test speech recogniser 13th May
8 Garden-variety speech recognition Input modelled as a concatenation of phonemes 13th May
9 What is lexical stress? 13th May
10 What is lexical stress? Hoor ik daar een kanon? 13th May
11 What is lexical stress? Hoor ik daar een kanon? kanón gun or kánon song? 13th May
12 Use of lexical stress Minimal pairs 13th May
13 Use of lexical stress Minimal pairs (a) subject (to) subject 13th May
14 Use of lexical stress Minimal pairs (a) subject (to) subject Du. aanbod offer aan bod first in line 13th May
15 Use of lexical stress Minimal pairs (a) subject (to) subject Du. aanbod offer aan bod first in line Du. voorkomen prevent voorkomen happen 13th May
16 Use of lexical stress Minimal pairs (a) subject (to) subject Du. aanbod offer aan bod first in line Du. voorkomen prevent voorkomen happen Portuguese falara I had spoken falará he will speak 13th May
17 Use of lexical stress 13th May
18 Use of lexical stress Word recognition 13th May
19 Use of lexical stress Word recognition Du. october octopus 13th May
20 Use of lexical stress Word recognition Du. october octopus tigress digress 13th May
21 Use of lexical stress 13th May
22 Use of lexical stress Segmentation 13th May
23 Use of lexical stress Segmentation conduct ascends uphill 13th May
24 Use of lexical stress Segmentation conduct ascends uphill a doctor sends a pill? 13th May
25 Properties of lexical stress 13th May
26 Properties of lexical stress Stress works on the syllable level 13th May
27 A lexicon a are the garden ordinary table variety /ei/ /A:/ /Di:/ /ga:d@n/ /O:dInEri/ /teib@l/ /v@rai@ti/ 13th May
28 A lexicon a /ei/ [@] are /A:/ the /Di:/ garden /ga:d@n/ ordinary /O:dInEri/ table /teib@l/ variety /v@rai@ti/ 13th May
29 A lexicon a /ei/ [@] are /A:/ [@] the /Di:/ garden /ga:d@n/ ordinary /O:dInEri/ table /teib@l/ variety /v@rai@ti/ 13th May
30 A lexicon a /ei/ [@] are /A:/ [@] the /Di:/ [D@] garden /ga:d@n/ ordinary /O:dInEri/ table /teib@l/ variety /v@rai@ti/ 13th May
31 A lexicon with stress marks a /ei/ [@] are /A:/ [@] the /Di:/ [D@] garden /"ga:d@n/ ordinary /O:dInEri/ table /teib@l/ variety /v@rai@ti/ 13th May
32 A lexicon with stress marks a /ei/ [@] are /A:/ [@] the /Di:/ [D@] garden /"ga:d@n/ ordinary /O:dInEri/ ["ga:dn] " table /teib@l/ variety /v@rai@ti/ 13th May
33 A lexicon with stress marks a /ei/ [@] are /A:/ [@] the /Di:/ [D@] garden /"ga:d@n/ ordinary /"O:dInEri/ ["ga:dn] " table /teib@l/ variety /v@rai@ti/ 13th May
34 A lexicon with stress marks a /ei/ [@] are /A:/ [@] the /Di:/ [D@] garden /"ga:d@n/ ["ga:dn] " ordinary /"O:dInEri/ ["O:dn ri] " table /teib@l/ variety /v@rai@ti/ 13th May
35 A lexicon with stress marks a /ei/ [@] are /A:/ [@] the /Di:/ [D@] garden /"ga:d@n/ ["ga:dn] " ordinary /"O:dInEri/ ["O:dn ri] " table /"teib@l/ variety /v@rai@ti/ 13th May
36 A lexicon with stress marks a /ei/ [@] are /A:/ [@] the /Di:/ [D@] garden /"ga:d@n/ ["ga:dn] " ordinary /"O:dInEri/ ["O:dn ri] " table /"teib@l/ ["t h eibl ] " variety /v@rai@ti/ 13th May
37 A lexicon with stress marks a /ei/ [@] are /A:/ [@] the /Di:/ [D@] garden /"ga:d@n/ ["ga:dn] " ordinary /"O:dInEri/ ["O:dn ri] " table /"teib@l/ ["t h eibl ] " variety /v@"rai@ti/ 13th May
38 A lexicon with stress marks a /ei/ [@] are /A:/ [@] the /Di:/ [D@] garden /"ga:d@n/ ["ga:dn] " ordinary /"O:dInEri/ ["O:dn ri] " table /"teib@l/ ["t h eibl ] " variety /v@"rai@ti/ [v"rai@ti] " 13th May
39 Properties of lexical stress Stress works on the syllable level 13th May
40 Properties of lexical stress Stress works on the syllable level Unstressed syllables are reduced 13th May
41 /ka:"non/ gun or /"ka:non/ song? Pitch (Hz) Pitch (Hz) Time (s) Time (s) k a: n O n k a: n O n 13th May
42 /ka:"non/ gun or /"ka:non/ song? Pitch (Hz) Pitch (Hz) Time (s) Time (s) k a: n O n k a: n O n kanón /ka:"non/ gun kánon /"ka:non/ song 13th May
43 /"ka:non?/ song? or /ka:"non?/ gun?? Pitch (Hz) Pitch (Hz) Time (s) Time (s) k a: n O n k a: n O n 13th May
44 /"ka:non?/ song? or /ka:"non?/ gun?? Pitch (Hz) Pitch (Hz) Time (s) Time (s) k a: n O n k a: n O n kanón /ka:"non/ gun kánon /"ka:non/ song 13th May
45 /"ka:non/ song or /ka:"non/ gun? Time (s) Time (s) k a: n O n k a: n O n 13th May
46 /"ka:non/ song or /ka:"non/ gun? Time (s) Time (s) k a: n O n k a: n O n kanón /ka:"non/ gun kánon /"ka:non/ song 13th May
47 Properties of lexical stress Stress works on the syllable level Unstressed syllables are reduced 13th May
48 Properties of lexical stress Stress works on the syllable level Unstressed syllables are reduced Stressed syllables have longer durations 13th May
49 Properties of lexical stress Stress works on the syllable level Unstressed syllables are reduced Stressed syllables have longer durations Stressed syllables are louder 13th May
50 /ka:"non/ gun or /"ka:non/ song? Frequency (Hz) Frequency (Hz) Time (s) Time (s) k a: n O n k a: n O n 13th May
51 /ka:"non/ gun or /"ka:non/ song? Frequency (Hz) Frequency (Hz) Time (s) Time (s) k a: n O n k a: n O n kanón /ka:"non/ gun kánon /"ka:non/ song 13th May
52 /"ka:non?/ song? or /ka:"non?/ gun?? Frequency (Hz) Frequency (Hz) Time (s) Time (s) k a: n O n k a: n O n 13th May
53 /"ka:non?/ song? or /ka:"non?/ gun?? Frequency (Hz) Frequency (Hz) Time (s) Time (s) k a: n O n k a: n O n kanón /ka:"non/ gun kánon /"ka:non/ song 13th May
54 Properties of lexical stress Stress works on the syllable level Unstressed syllables are reduced Stressed syllables have longer durations Stressed syllables are louder 13th May
55 Properties of lexical stress Stress works on the syllable level Unstressed syllables are reduced Stressed syllables have longer durations Stressed syllables are louder Stressed syllables have more high frequencies 13th May
56 Distinguishing phonemes /y:/ /u:/ /O/ /a:/ 13th May
57 Distinguishing phonemes /"y:/ /"u:/ /y:/ /u:/ /a:/ /O/ /"O/ /"a:/ 13th May
58 Integration in a speech recogniser /A a: p t O v V/ 13th May
59 Integration in a speech recogniser /A a: p t O v V/ Stressed and unstressed versions of phonemes /A "A a: "a: p "p t "t O "O v "v V "V/ 13th May
60 Integration in the lexicon are a the garden ordinary g A: d n O: d n r i t ei b l v r t i 13th May
61 Integration in the lexicon are a the garden ordinary "g "A: d n "O: d n r i "t "ei b l v "r t i 13th May
62 Integration in feature vectors 13th May
63 Integration in feature vectors MFCCs Spectral tilt features 13th May
64 Modelling duration a 22 a 33 a 44 a 12 a 23 a a b 2 b 3 b 4 13th May
65 Model baseline Feature extraction Viterbi: phoneme level { ei l { } i { } Viterbi: m n word level alien ei i l m n a /@/ alien /eili@n/ lion /lai@n/ hmms Lexicon 13th May
66 Model stress-enabled Stress feature extraction Feature extraction Viterbi: phoneme level { } { } "i { l m ai ei n "ai Duration analysis Viterbi: word level a lion ai ei "ei i "i l "l m "m n "n a /@/ alien /"ei-li-@n/ lion /"lai-@n/ hmms Lexicon 13th May
67 Model implemented Stress feature extraction Feature extraction Viterbi: phoneme level { } { } "i l m ai ei n "ai } Viterbi: word level a lion ai ei "ei i "i l "l m "m n "n a /@/ alien /"ei-li-@n/ lion /"lai-@n/ hmms Lexicon 13th May
68 System sox Praat f o: "n "i: m I k t r A: n "s "k "r "I "p S n " z HCopy cvf HERest HCompV trained hmms HVite 13th May recognised words
69 System Hidden Markov Toolkit Corpus Gesproken Nederlands 772 recordings files words 53 hours 13th May
70 Time Using 6 to 8 computers: Training: 1 8 hours per iteration Evaluation: 4 10 hours per iteration 60 training iterations for 2 recognisers 13th May
71 Experimental set-up Conventional speech recogniser Stress-enabled speech recogniser 13th May
72 Results duration /"i:/ /i:/ th May
73 Results duration /"n/ /n/ th May
74 Results spectral tilt /"a:/ /a:/ th May
75 Results spectral tilt /"d/ /d/ th May
76 Results training 45 Recognition accuracy (%) Training iteration 13th May
77 Results Recognition improvement 13th May
78 Results Recognition improvement Conventional speech recogniser Stress-enabled speech recogniser Word error rate % A 2.6 % relative improvement. Word error rate % 13th May
79 Conclusion 13th May
80 Conclusion Using lexical stress in an automatic speech recogniser for continuous, large-vocabulary speech can improve the recognition rate. 13th May
81 Conclusion Using lexical stress in an automatic speech recogniser for continuous, large-vocabulary speech can improve the recognition rate. Consonants 13th May
82 Future work Model duration Model phrasal stress 13th May
83 13th May
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