Lexical Stress in Speech Recognition

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1 Lexical Stress in Speech Recognition Master s thesis presentation Rogier van Dalen 13th May Delft University of Technology

2 Topics Objective What is lexical stress? Properties of lexical stress Model System Results 13th May

3 Objective Can lexical stress be used in a speech recogniser to make it perform better? 13th May

4 Objective Can lexical stress be used in a speech recogniser to make it perform better? Find properties of lexical stress 13th May

5 Objective Can lexical stress be used in a speech recogniser to make it perform better? Find properties of lexical stress Model speech recogniser 13th May

6 Objective Can lexical stress be used in a speech recogniser to make it perform better? Find properties of lexical stress Model speech recogniser Implement speech recogniser 13th May

7 Objective Can lexical stress be used in a speech recogniser to make it perform better? Find properties of lexical stress Model speech recogniser Implement speech recogniser Test speech recogniser 13th May

8 Garden-variety speech recognition Input modelled as a concatenation of phonemes 13th May

9 What is lexical stress? 13th May

10 What is lexical stress? Hoor ik daar een kanon? 13th May

11 What is lexical stress? Hoor ik daar een kanon? kanón gun or kánon song? 13th May

12 Use of lexical stress Minimal pairs 13th May

13 Use of lexical stress Minimal pairs (a) subject (to) subject 13th May

14 Use of lexical stress Minimal pairs (a) subject (to) subject Du. aanbod offer aan bod first in line 13th May

15 Use of lexical stress Minimal pairs (a) subject (to) subject Du. aanbod offer aan bod first in line Du. voorkomen prevent voorkomen happen 13th May

16 Use of lexical stress Minimal pairs (a) subject (to) subject Du. aanbod offer aan bod first in line Du. voorkomen prevent voorkomen happen Portuguese falara I had spoken falará he will speak 13th May

17 Use of lexical stress 13th May

18 Use of lexical stress Word recognition 13th May

19 Use of lexical stress Word recognition Du. october octopus 13th May

20 Use of lexical stress Word recognition Du. october octopus tigress digress 13th May

21 Use of lexical stress 13th May

22 Use of lexical stress Segmentation 13th May

23 Use of lexical stress Segmentation conduct ascends uphill 13th May

24 Use of lexical stress Segmentation conduct ascends uphill a doctor sends a pill? 13th May

25 Properties of lexical stress 13th May

26 Properties of lexical stress Stress works on the syllable level 13th May

27 A lexicon a are the garden ordinary table variety /ei/ /A:/ /Di:/ /ga:d@n/ /O:dInEri/ /teib@l/ /v@rai@ti/ 13th May

28 A lexicon a /ei/ [@] are /A:/ the /Di:/ garden /ga:d@n/ ordinary /O:dInEri/ table /teib@l/ variety /v@rai@ti/ 13th May

29 A lexicon a /ei/ [@] are /A:/ [@] the /Di:/ garden /ga:d@n/ ordinary /O:dInEri/ table /teib@l/ variety /v@rai@ti/ 13th May

30 A lexicon a /ei/ [@] are /A:/ [@] the /Di:/ [D@] garden /ga:d@n/ ordinary /O:dInEri/ table /teib@l/ variety /v@rai@ti/ 13th May

31 A lexicon with stress marks a /ei/ [@] are /A:/ [@] the /Di:/ [D@] garden /"ga:d@n/ ordinary /O:dInEri/ table /teib@l/ variety /v@rai@ti/ 13th May

32 A lexicon with stress marks a /ei/ [@] are /A:/ [@] the /Di:/ [D@] garden /"ga:d@n/ ordinary /O:dInEri/ ["ga:dn] " table /teib@l/ variety /v@rai@ti/ 13th May

33 A lexicon with stress marks a /ei/ [@] are /A:/ [@] the /Di:/ [D@] garden /"ga:d@n/ ordinary /"O:dInEri/ ["ga:dn] " table /teib@l/ variety /v@rai@ti/ 13th May

34 A lexicon with stress marks a /ei/ [@] are /A:/ [@] the /Di:/ [D@] garden /"ga:d@n/ ["ga:dn] " ordinary /"O:dInEri/ ["O:dn ri] " table /teib@l/ variety /v@rai@ti/ 13th May

35 A lexicon with stress marks a /ei/ [@] are /A:/ [@] the /Di:/ [D@] garden /"ga:d@n/ ["ga:dn] " ordinary /"O:dInEri/ ["O:dn ri] " table /"teib@l/ variety /v@rai@ti/ 13th May

36 A lexicon with stress marks a /ei/ [@] are /A:/ [@] the /Di:/ [D@] garden /"ga:d@n/ ["ga:dn] " ordinary /"O:dInEri/ ["O:dn ri] " table /"teib@l/ ["t h eibl ] " variety /v@rai@ti/ 13th May

37 A lexicon with stress marks a /ei/ [@] are /A:/ [@] the /Di:/ [D@] garden /"ga:d@n/ ["ga:dn] " ordinary /"O:dInEri/ ["O:dn ri] " table /"teib@l/ ["t h eibl ] " variety /v@"rai@ti/ 13th May

38 A lexicon with stress marks a /ei/ [@] are /A:/ [@] the /Di:/ [D@] garden /"ga:d@n/ ["ga:dn] " ordinary /"O:dInEri/ ["O:dn ri] " table /"teib@l/ ["t h eibl ] " variety /v@"rai@ti/ [v"rai@ti] " 13th May

39 Properties of lexical stress Stress works on the syllable level 13th May

40 Properties of lexical stress Stress works on the syllable level Unstressed syllables are reduced 13th May

41 /ka:"non/ gun or /"ka:non/ song? Pitch (Hz) Pitch (Hz) Time (s) Time (s) k a: n O n k a: n O n 13th May

42 /ka:"non/ gun or /"ka:non/ song? Pitch (Hz) Pitch (Hz) Time (s) Time (s) k a: n O n k a: n O n kanón /ka:"non/ gun kánon /"ka:non/ song 13th May

43 /"ka:non?/ song? or /ka:"non?/ gun?? Pitch (Hz) Pitch (Hz) Time (s) Time (s) k a: n O n k a: n O n 13th May

44 /"ka:non?/ song? or /ka:"non?/ gun?? Pitch (Hz) Pitch (Hz) Time (s) Time (s) k a: n O n k a: n O n kanón /ka:"non/ gun kánon /"ka:non/ song 13th May

45 /"ka:non/ song or /ka:"non/ gun? Time (s) Time (s) k a: n O n k a: n O n 13th May

46 /"ka:non/ song or /ka:"non/ gun? Time (s) Time (s) k a: n O n k a: n O n kanón /ka:"non/ gun kánon /"ka:non/ song 13th May

47 Properties of lexical stress Stress works on the syllable level Unstressed syllables are reduced 13th May

48 Properties of lexical stress Stress works on the syllable level Unstressed syllables are reduced Stressed syllables have longer durations 13th May

49 Properties of lexical stress Stress works on the syllable level Unstressed syllables are reduced Stressed syllables have longer durations Stressed syllables are louder 13th May

50 /ka:"non/ gun or /"ka:non/ song? Frequency (Hz) Frequency (Hz) Time (s) Time (s) k a: n O n k a: n O n 13th May

51 /ka:"non/ gun or /"ka:non/ song? Frequency (Hz) Frequency (Hz) Time (s) Time (s) k a: n O n k a: n O n kanón /ka:"non/ gun kánon /"ka:non/ song 13th May

52 /"ka:non?/ song? or /ka:"non?/ gun?? Frequency (Hz) Frequency (Hz) Time (s) Time (s) k a: n O n k a: n O n 13th May

53 /"ka:non?/ song? or /ka:"non?/ gun?? Frequency (Hz) Frequency (Hz) Time (s) Time (s) k a: n O n k a: n O n kanón /ka:"non/ gun kánon /"ka:non/ song 13th May

54 Properties of lexical stress Stress works on the syllable level Unstressed syllables are reduced Stressed syllables have longer durations Stressed syllables are louder 13th May

55 Properties of lexical stress Stress works on the syllable level Unstressed syllables are reduced Stressed syllables have longer durations Stressed syllables are louder Stressed syllables have more high frequencies 13th May

56 Distinguishing phonemes /y:/ /u:/ /O/ /a:/ 13th May

57 Distinguishing phonemes /"y:/ /"u:/ /y:/ /u:/ /a:/ /O/ /"O/ /"a:/ 13th May

58 Integration in a speech recogniser /A a: p t O v V/ 13th May

59 Integration in a speech recogniser /A a: p t O v V/ Stressed and unstressed versions of phonemes /A "A a: "a: p "p t "t O "O v "v V "V/ 13th May

60 Integration in the lexicon are a the garden ordinary g A: d n O: d n r i t ei b l v r t i 13th May

61 Integration in the lexicon are a the garden ordinary "g "A: d n "O: d n r i "t "ei b l v "r t i 13th May

62 Integration in feature vectors 13th May

63 Integration in feature vectors MFCCs Spectral tilt features 13th May

64 Modelling duration a 22 a 33 a 44 a 12 a 23 a a b 2 b 3 b 4 13th May

65 Model baseline Feature extraction Viterbi: phoneme level { ei l { } i { } Viterbi: m n word level alien ei i l m n a /@/ alien /eili@n/ lion /lai@n/ hmms Lexicon 13th May

66 Model stress-enabled Stress feature extraction Feature extraction Viterbi: phoneme level { } { } "i { l m ai ei n "ai Duration analysis Viterbi: word level a lion ai ei "ei i "i l "l m "m n "n a /@/ alien /"ei-li-@n/ lion /"lai-@n/ hmms Lexicon 13th May

67 Model implemented Stress feature extraction Feature extraction Viterbi: phoneme level { } { } "i l m ai ei n "ai } Viterbi: word level a lion ai ei "ei i "i l "l m "m n "n a /@/ alien /"ei-li-@n/ lion /"lai-@n/ hmms Lexicon 13th May

68 System sox Praat f o: "n "i: m I k t r A: n "s "k "r "I "p S n " z HCopy cvf HERest HCompV trained hmms HVite 13th May recognised words

69 System Hidden Markov Toolkit Corpus Gesproken Nederlands 772 recordings files words 53 hours 13th May

70 Time Using 6 to 8 computers: Training: 1 8 hours per iteration Evaluation: 4 10 hours per iteration 60 training iterations for 2 recognisers 13th May

71 Experimental set-up Conventional speech recogniser Stress-enabled speech recogniser 13th May

72 Results duration /"i:/ /i:/ th May

73 Results duration /"n/ /n/ th May

74 Results spectral tilt /"a:/ /a:/ th May

75 Results spectral tilt /"d/ /d/ th May

76 Results training 45 Recognition accuracy (%) Training iteration 13th May

77 Results Recognition improvement 13th May

78 Results Recognition improvement Conventional speech recogniser Stress-enabled speech recogniser Word error rate % A 2.6 % relative improvement. Word error rate % 13th May

79 Conclusion 13th May

80 Conclusion Using lexical stress in an automatic speech recogniser for continuous, large-vocabulary speech can improve the recognition rate. 13th May

81 Conclusion Using lexical stress in an automatic speech recogniser for continuous, large-vocabulary speech can improve the recognition rate. Consonants 13th May

82 Future work Model duration Model phrasal stress 13th May

83 13th May

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