Juridical basis: Nature Decree of and DFG of
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1 Land Development for Nature Turnhouts Vennengebied-West Instruments for Land Development for Nature Green Work(s)! 13 October Land Development for Nature? General context Juridical basis: Nature Decree of and DFG of Objective: An optimal development of areas by conservation, restoration management and development of nature in FEN, Natura 2000 Procedure: Through commissions/commitees (local farmers, ngo s, communities, different administrations of FG, ) and public inquiry s 2 1
2 30/11/2010 id Turnhouts Vennengebied-West Situated in the northern Campine area, north of the city Turnhout 3 id Turnhouts Vennengebied-West - LDN-project: 541 ha (since 1999) - One of the largest heath and fen complexes in Flanders - Large meadow bird populations with Limosa limosa, Numenius arquata, Tringa tetanus - Stake-holders - Natuurpunt Beheer vzw, - LIFE Nature (since 2006) - local farmers 4 2
3 30/11/2010 id Turnhouts Vennengebied-West 2800 ha designated as SPA Fens, heaths and marshes around Turnhout under the Habitat Directive 5 id Turnhouts Vennengebied-West 7100 ha designated as SPA Areas in Arendonk, Merksplas, Oud-Turnhout, Ravels en Turnhout under the Bird Directive 6 3
4 id Turnhouts Vennengebied-West 7 id Turnhouts Vennengebied-West hydrological division line to Meuse basin to Scheldt basin 8 4
5 9 id Turnhouts Vennengebied-West I. Habitat with Littorellion uniflorae, with Lobellia dortmanna and Littorella uniflora (Grote Klotteraard, Zwart Water) Foto: Mario De Block (2008) Foto: Robert Westerhof (2005) 10 5
6 id Turnhouts Vennengebied-West II. Fens with Sphagnum cuspidatum, Eleocharis multicaulis, Juncus bulbosus 11 id Turnhouts Vennengebied-West III. Fens with Hypericum elodes, Rhynchospora alba, Deschampia setacea and Eleogiton fluitans 12 6
7 Agriculture in the Campine area - High demand for land due to highly specialized agricultural activities - High percentage of intensive stock breeding farms - Average age of farmers is much younger than on average in Flanders there is a need to expand 13 Acidic deposition Spread of nitrogen deposition in Flanders (2006) in kg N/ha.y (VMM) 14 7
8 Acidic deposition Critical values : -Oligotrophic fens: 5-10 kg N/ha.y -Dry heath and Nardetalia meadows: kg N/ha.y Spread of nitrogen deposition in Flanders (2006) in kg N/ha.y (VMM) 15 Changes in Land Use
9 Only 2 % of total heath area remains 18 9
10 Number of fens during the last years year
11 Eutrophication & declining of groundwater level 21 Foto: Mario De Block Afforestation Due to historical afforestation and natural expansion of trees and scrubs, parts of heathland and fens deteriorate rapidly Trees mean less wind on watersurface, wich is necessary to maintain sandy/loamy substrates Invasive species f.e.lepomus gibbosus is threatening Littorella and Lobelia in oligothrophic fens 22 11
12 Ecological Restoration Think before you act! - Historical references on vegetation types (since early 70 s until 2010) - Study on diatoms (UIA, 2000) - Seed bank analysis (KUL, 2000) - Hydrological system analysis (TNO/UIA, 2001) - Archeological survey (RAAP, 2003) - Expert study on oligotrophic pond restoration (Haskoning, B-Ware, Stichting Bargerveen, 2008) Foto: Mario De Block 23 Ecological Restoration f.e. region Zand- en Koeven (2004) -About 25 ha, situated on the hydrological division between Scheldt and Meuse basin -Until 2007, pine, spruce and Quercus rubra had supressed the wet heathland and Rynchosporion- relicts -Habitat to Rana arvalis, Plebeius argus and Leucorrhinia pectoralis -FOTO S 24 12
13 Ecological Restoration f.e. region Zand- en Koeven (2004) Facts: - Probably dug around 1777 (NE steep shoreline) - Mineral substrate sandy in E, loamy sand in W - To the W and NW an organic layer app. 13 cm thick - ph around 4,0 - Only fed by rainwater (no buffer capacity) - Completely surrounded by pine wood 25 Ecological Restoration f.e. Heath restoration Zand- en Koeven (2004) - app. 12 ha were cut in favour of Rynchosporion and wet heathland - sod-cutting (with preserving some refugia) -Prevention of soil compactation with sod-cutting material in temporary lanes - infiltration zones were limed (about 1 ton/ha) -Extensive grazing management is installed (goats, sheep, ) Species like Drosera intermedia, Drosera rotundifolia, Rhynchosporion fusca, Erica tetralix, Potentilla erecta, Carex panicea and Carex pilulifera have reoccured Foto: Mario De 26 Block 13
14 27 Ecological Restoration f.e. Grote Klotteraard Facts: - Largest fen of Turnhouts Vennengebied (app. 9 ha) - Level variations up to 40 cm - High N concentrations (influx surface water) - ph: 4,5-5,5 (early 70 s around 4,0) - Small amount of groundwater flux - Poorly buffered (low on HCO3 - ) - Thick peat layer in W, N and S - N and NE shorelines more sandy (with Littorella uniflora) 28 14
15 Ecological Restoration f.e. Grote Klotteraard (2008) Restoration of a oligotrophic pond (with Littorella uniflora) -providing sustainable solutions for farmers (on a voluntary base) within the infiltration zone of fen (clearing leasehold, re-allocation, ) - cutting of app. 3 ha of pine woods (Natuurpunt Beheer vzw), with sod-cutting afterwards Foto: Mario De Block Foto: Mario De Block 29 Foto: Mario De Block 30 15
16 Ecological Restoration -Top soil removal of eutrophic former farmland,in order to restore Nardetalia meadows - after thorough research on P-Olsen P, N, Fe and Ca - after soil removal, occulation with clippings of nearby reserves (ectomycorrhiza - fungi!) -Soil was used in nearby Land Consolidation project Merksplas to ameliorate farmland 31 Ecological Restoration Removal of sludge and degenerated peat (= high levels of P) - sludge removal under dry conditions (< 2 months) - with dragline mats to prevent damaging the original peat layer Foto: Mario De Block Foto: Mario De Block 32 16
17 30/11/2010 Ecological Restoration Foto: Mario De Block After 1 year: reoccurence of Lobelia dortmanna, Utricularia australis, E. Foto: Mario De Block 33 Recreational development - A lot of attention for recreation/education/ information value of the area (7% of total budget in Flanders) - Guided tours during the work in progress - Information panels - Development of recreational routes - Watchtower Bels Lijntje 34 17
18 For further information: Tom Vermeulen Mario De Block Flemish Land Agency Agency for Nature and Forests Cardijnlaan 1 Lange Kievitstraat B-2200 Herentals B-2018 Antwerp T T tom.vermeulen@vlm.be mario.deblock@lne.vlaanderen.be 35 18
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