Introduction to Plant Pests

Transcription

1 Lesson 361b Introduction to Plant Pests Core Area. Plant Science Unit 360. Pest Management Topic 361. Intro to Plant Pests California Academic Standard. Science Grades 9 through 12 Biology/Life Sciences Physiology Standard 10: Organisms have a variety of mechanisms to combat disease. California Ag Standard. 3.5 Plant and Soil Science Plant Pathology and Pests: Students will understand basic pest problems and their respective economic impacts. Student Learning Objectives. Instruction in this lesson should result in students achieving the following objectives: 1. Define a plant pest. 2. List the four types of plant pests. 3. Understand the effects plant pests have on our food supply. California Core AgriScience Lesson Plan Library Unit 360. Topic 361. Lesson 361b. Page 1.

2 List of Resources. The following resources may be useful in teaching this lesson: Recommended Resources. The following resource should be selected to accompany this lesson: Cooper, Elmer L., and L. DeVere Burton. Agriscience: Fundamentals and Application, 3 rd Edition. Albany, NY: Delmar Learning, University of California Integrated Pest Management Publications, List of Equipment, Tools, Supplies, and Facilities Writing surface Overhead projector Transparencies from attached masters Copies of Student Lab Sheet Specimens or pictures of weeds, birds, insects, and rodents. Terms. The following terms are presented in this lesson (shown in bold italics): Abdomen Disease agents Invertebrates Mollusks Nematodes Plant pests Thorax Vertebrates Weeds Interest Approach. Use an interest approach that will prepare the students for the lesson. Teachers often develop approaches for their unique class and student situations. Display specimens or pictures of weeds, invertebrate pests (insects), and vertebrate pests (rodents) to the class. Ask students to think about what these specimens have in common. Direct student discussion toward the lesson topic of plant pests. Ask students to explain what a plant pest is. Once discussion has progressed, introduce the topic and the definitions of a plant pest. California Core AgriScience Lesson Plan Library Unit 360. Topic 361. Lesson 361b. Page 2.

3 Summary of Content and Teaching Strategies Objective 1: Define a plant pest. Anticipated Problem: What is a plant pest? (use TM A) I. Plant pests include all life forms destructive to plants. A. Pests represent the entire biological spectrum. B. They are organisms that compete with people for food or fiber. C. They interfere with the raising of crops and livestock. Objective 2: List the four types of plant pests. Anticipated Problem: What are the four types of plant pests? (use TM B) II. There are four main groups of plant pests: weeds, invertebrates, vertebrates, and disease agents. A. Weeds are undesirable plants, sometimes defined as any plant growing out of place. 1. Weeds adapt well to local climates and soils, and can compete successfully with cultivated plants for available resources. 2. Most weeds produce a large number of seeds. 3. Some weed seeds can remain dormant for 20 years before germinating. 4. Weeds can be difficult to eradicate, because some have vegetative means of reproduction in addition to seeds. 5. Weeds compete with crop production and can harbor insects and plant diseases. 6. Some weeds are toxic to livestock. B. Invertebrate pests include insects and their relatives, nematodes, snails, and slugs. 1. The term invertebrates signifies animals without backbones. 2. Insects have three body parts. a. Head b. Thorax the part of the body between the head and abdomen. It bears the jointed legs and the wings, if they are present, and abdomen the part of the body after the thorax, which doesn t bear legs. c. Six legs 3. Ticks, mites, and spiders have only two body parts and eight legs. 4. Nematodes are unsegmented worms that can be plant parasites. 5. Snails and slugs are mollusks that prefer cool, moist surroundings. C. Vertebrates are animals with backbones. 1. Examples: fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals 2. Most vertebrate pests prey on birds and mammals. California Core AgriScience Lesson Plan Library Unit 360. Topic 361. Lesson 361b. Page 3.

4 a. Pest birds harbor disease-causing organisms, eat or damage crops, damage buildings, and make noise. b. Rodents are mammals that interfere with people or cause harm to crops and livestock. c. Rats, mice, and squirrels cause most vertebrate pest problems. D. Disease agents cause diseases in plants and animals. 1. Many of these organisms are microscopic, making identification difficult. 2. Identification may be possible by the type of symptom caused or damage done to their host animal or plants. 3. Examples of disease agents: bacteria, fungi, and viruses Objective 3: Understand the effects plant pests have on our food supply. Anticipated Problem: How do plant pests affect crop and livestock production? III. Growers throughout the world must compete with weeds, insects, plant parasites, birds and rodents. A. The energy, time and expense used to combat these problems is staggering. B. Losses of food to our world food supply due to these competitors is a continuing problem and can become disastrous. C. However, new methods and concepts for control are continually being developed and breakthroughs are occurring daily. 1. One of the greatest challenges for agriculturalists today is to control pests without causing other related problems such as environmental pollution. a. Pollutants resulting from pest control may indirectly or directly damage or kill beneficial plants, animals, and/or human life. b. Toxic residues may be left in plant and animal products destined for human or animal consumption. Review/Summary. Focus the review of the lesson around the student learning objectives. Ask students to explain the content associated with each objective. Use their responses as the basis for determining any areas that need to be covered again. Application. Application can involve the following activity using the attached lab sheet: LS A Plant Pest Report Evaluation. Evaluation should focus on student achievement of the objectives for the lesson. Various techniques can be used, such as a written test. A sample test is attached. California Core AgriScience Lesson Plan Library Unit 360. Topic 361. Lesson 361b. Page 4.

5 Answers to Sample Test: Part One: Matching 1. d 2. f 3. c 4. a 5. e 6. b Part Two: Completion 1. seeds 2. weeds 3. rodents 4. vertebrate 5. Invertebrate 6. toxic 7. germinating 8. disease agents Part Three: Short Answer Possible answers: Plant pests include all life forms destructive of plants. They are organisms that compete with people for food and fiber. They interfere with crop and livestock production. California Core AgriScience Lesson Plan Library Unit 360. Topic 361. Lesson 361b. Page 5.

6 Sample Test Name Test Introduction to Plant Pests Part One: Matching Instructions. Match the term with the correct response. Write the letter of the term by the definition. a. weeds d. vertebrates b. invertebrates e. nematodes c. disease agents f. snails 1. Animals with backbones 2. Mollusks, prefer cool, moist environment 3. Causes diseases in plants and animals 4. Any plant growing out of place 5. Unsegmented worms 6. Animals without backbones Part Two: Completion Instructions. Provide the word or words to complete the following statements. 1. Some weeds produce large numbers of. 2. compete with crops and can harbor pests and plant diseases. 3. are mammals that interfere with people and harm crops and livestock. 4. Rats, mice, and squirrels cause most of the pest problems. 5. pests include insects, nematodes, snails and slugs. 6. Some weeds are to livestock. 7. Weed seeds can remain dormant for years before. 8. Bacteria, fungi, and viruses are examples of. Part Three: Short Answer Instructions: Answer the following question. What is a plant pest? California Core AgriScience Lesson Plan Library Unit 360. Topic 361. Lesson 361b. Page 6.

7 TM A WHAT IS A PLANT PEST? 1. Plant pests include all life forms destructive to plants. 2. Plant pests represent the entire biological spectrum. 3. They are organisms that compete with people for food or fiber. 4. They interfere with the raising of crops and livestock. California Core AgriScience Lesson Plan Library Unit 360. Topic 361. Lesson 361b. Page 7.

8 TM B FOUR MAIN GROUPS OF PLANT PESTS 1. Weeds 2. Invertebrates 3. Vertebrates 4. Disease agents California Core AgriScience Lesson Plan Library Unit 360. Topic 361. Lesson 361b. Page 8.

9 LS A Name Purpose: Materials: Procedure: Lab Sheet Plant Pest Report To research and report on a specific plant pest. Lab sheet Writing utensil Internet information IPM Guides Other pest information materials 1. Select one specific plant pest from the types of pests discussed in this lesson (weeds, invertebrates, vertebrates and disease agents). 2. Using the materials and resources provided by your instructor research your pest and find pertinent information that answers the six questions below. 3. Record your information on this lab sheet. Once you have acquired all your information, develop a brief oral presentation about your pest. 4. Present your pest report to the class. Plant Pest Information Name of Pest: Type of Pest: Characteristics or Symptoms: California Core AgriScience Lesson Plan Library Unit 360. Topic 361. Lesson 361b. Page 9.

10 Prevention and management practices: Is eradication possible? Control and/or treatment measures: California Core AgriScience Lesson Plan Library Unit 360. Topic 361. Lesson 361b. Page 10.