P 5 HEART RATE MONITORING OF TABLE TENNIS PLAYERS Zoran Djokic Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Novi Sad, Serbia&Montenegro

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1 P 5 HEART RATE MONITORING OF TABLE TENNIS PLAYERS Zoran Djokic Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Novi Sad, Serbia&Montenegro 1 Introduction Heart rate during competition, and also during training can be a sign of the quality of work - practice, the condition of athletes, and a good sign for the further planning of the training process. It is very hard to get an opportunity to check this data during a match situation, especially in the area of top table tennis. Observation of the heart rate enables better programming of the intensity and the volume of training, and all with the aim of achieving the best possible results. The aims of this study were collecting data as a basis for more efficient and more rational creation of training process and checking the quality of practice. 2 Methods These methods were done on the senior Yugoslav National Team players, during the season 2002/2003. Data were collected with a POLAR S-710 heart rate monitor with memory and all the data were analyzed by POLAR PRECISION PERFORMANCE SW 3.0 SOFTWARE (Polar Electro Oy, Kempele, Finland). 2.1 Design The fields which were interesting for researches and analysis are following: Control of heart rate during the match the collection data was done during a non-official game and an official game (national ranked and international ranked players). Control of heart rate during table tennis training analysis consisted of several variants of table tennis training, from usual table tennis training, playing against defense, strictly tactical training before important matches, interval training, Analyses consisted all the time of training from the beginning to the end of practice. Control of heart rate during physical training from warming up exercise to the stretching and relaxation exercise, and from different aim of practice instead of which motoric abilities are improving in each per iodization. 2.2 Participants Senior Yugoslav Team members which played during the 2002/2003 season in top form (second position in European Super Division). Most data were taken from one good world ranked player, and others younger senior players. 1

2 2.4 Procedure At the beginning of training the heart rate monitor was connected to the player. With the beginning of work i.e. the warming up, the control of the heart rate. The training was recorded by video-camera so that it could be seen exactly in which time interval events happen (e.g. abrupt increase or decrease of the pulse rate). 3 Results and Discussion All the analyses are shown graphically. The results are presented according to the fields analyzed. 3.1 Heart rate changes during a table tennis match During the table tennis match the increase in of the heart rate was noticed as the game goes on. The maximum value of the heart rate marked the moments which decided the winner of the set and match. The average values of the heart rate during the match were from 162 to 172 beats per minute (6 time measurements of the matches at official competitions). 3.2 Heart rate changes during table tennis training During the table tennis training the approximate value of the heart rate was 142 beat per minute. The minimal value of the heart rate was 98 beats in per minute, and it is found at the beginning of training, and at the end of the first part of the training (the beginning of the pause). active exercise passive exercise Figure 1. Training (active and passive exercises) It is interesting that if after so-called active exercise in which the player makes the moves given to him by the coach, next exercise in which he is passive (like playing the backhand block) there is a significant decrease of the heart rate value to about 100 (Figure 1.). The player is then much below the desired level of intensity the training which makes coming into the desired intensity and performing the next exercise harder. This represents an important loss of efficiency in training. 2

3 It is interesting to see the effect of the training in which player s sparing partner is a defensive player. In this part of training the average values of 169 heart rate were measured. This training is shown Figure 2. Figure 2. Training against defensive player In purely tactical training when there stress is placed on the precision of performing and returning the serve, the average values of the pulse rate were In interval training where many balls are played the values of the heart rate were 98 to 115 at the beginning, and between 144 to 192 at the end of an interval. According to the character of the interval training the number and the intensity of the balls thrown per minute the following values were measured: Aerobic endurance (manny balls) - Forehand topspin 2 backhand counter stroke or topspin - 4 min - 1 and 2 forehand topspin (out forehand middle) 3 backhand stroke - 3 min forehand topspin 3 4 backhand counter or topspin all from backhand - 3 min Number of balls per minute: about 50 (duration 10 min) Intensity: low and middle Average values of the heart rate at the beginning: hr/min Average values of the heart rate at the end: hr/min Anaerobic endurance (manny balls) forehand topspin from forehand - 5 min Number of balls per minute: about Intensity: sub maximum (about 70-80% from maximum) Average values of the heart rate at the beginning: hr/min Average values of the heart rate at the end: hr/min Speed (manny balls) forehand topspin from forehand min Number of balls per minute: about 4 5 ball in one interval, short rest, interval time about min Intensity: maximum Average values of the heart rate at the beginning: hr/min Average values of the heart rate at the end: hr/min 3

4 3.3 Heart rate changes during physical training Only certain aspects of the training were analyzed, for example anaerobic and aerobic endurance, strength training and speed training. Aerobic endurance training consisted of continual slow running, with a little change in rhythm and speed for about 10 minutes. The average value of the heart rate was 140. The minimum value of the pulse rate was 119 while the maximum was 186, and was measured in a moment of the end of fast running (10 min). Figure 3. Aerobic training Anaerobic endurance training consisted of combination of slow and fast running (about 70-80% of maximum speed)in the time intervals of 3 min. The average of the measured value during the whole training was 152 the average value during the slow running was 137. The average value during the fast running was 172. Figure 4. Anaerobic training 4

5 Strength training: During the strength training working in series in following manner, the measured value of the pulse rate was 154. Strength exercize for large muscle groups : 1. arms and shoulders muscles 2. abdominal muscles 3. back muscles 4. leg muscles Way of work : 15 repeats (2X) 20X 30X 50X 20X (rest 3-5 min between series). Duration : about 45 min During the strength training the method of stations in following manner, the measured value of the pulse rate was stations (2-3 stations arms and shoulders m., 2-3 stations abdominal m., 2 stations back m., 2 stations leg muscles exercise) Way of work : sec exercise on station - 15 sec rest (1 round rest 2 rounds rest -3 rounds rest 2 rounds rest slow running). Duration : about 60 min Speed training: During speed training lasting for the average values of the heart rate ranged from 110 to 201. In the segment of progressive speeding (low and high start position, distances: 50m (10X), 60m (8X) and 100 m (5X)) the average values of the pulse rate were from 126 to 196. In the segment of short sprints (different start position : sitting, lying, backwards, ; distances: 5m (12X)-10m (8X)-20m (6X)) the average values of the pulse rate were from 128 to 178. In the segment of running polygons (duration till 20sec) the average values of the pulse rate were from 131 to 182. In the segment combined movements lateral back and forth with the changes of direction on a visual sign (duration of exercize: sec (6-8X)) the average values of the pulse rate were 173. Observation of heart values during training especially in competition. It s very important since it explains the nature and the intensity of the pressure in the competition conditions. The data after the analysis and interpretation represent a qualitative basis for planning and programming of the rational and efficient training process. 4 Conclusion According to the data of the analysis of the heart rate values in competition conditions for a sample of top players we can conclude that the modern table tennis is a sport which requires sub-maximal and maximal work and this puts pressure on anaerobic energy system. On the basis of the marked values approximately the same pressures should be applied during the most part of the training, to increase its efficiency (from the physiological point of view) and its relevance. 5