Paris: Biography of a City
|
|
|
- Abner Price
- 9 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Paris: Biography of a City Humanities Spring 2011 Sarah Curtis TTh 9:35-10:50 Paris is one of the world s greatest cities and a means by which we can explore the creation of modern urban culture, as it has manifested itself in art, architecture, literature, politics, and socioeconomic change. We will trace three themes in particular: 1) Paris as a city of protest and revolution, 2) Paris as the world capital of avant-garde art and culture, 3) the physical transformation of the city itself from a medieval metropolis to the capital of modernity. The perspective will be multidisciplinary, that is we will look at the development of Paris through painting, architecture, literature, film, and memoir. We will spend about two-thirds of the course on the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Reading: The following books are available for purchase at the bookstore: Emile Zola, The Ladies Paradise (Oxford World Classics) Ernest Hemingway, A Moveable Feast (Simon and Schuster) George Orwell, Down and Out in Paris and London (Houghton Mifflin Harcourt) Patrick Modiano, Dora Bruder (UC Press, photocopy) Leila Sebbar, The Seine Was Red (Indiana University Press) Some of the readings are available on electronic reserves at the library. They can be accessed via the internet on campus or at home at the following address: (or by the link on the library web page or my web page). The password for this course is Eiffel. (If you are having trouble logging in, check that you have capitalized and correctly spelled the password.) These readings are indicated on the schedule with the abbreviation ER. Some readings are directly accessible on the web, in which case the URL is given in the syllabus. There are also links on my web page. Office hours and contact information: Tu, Th 2:30-3:30, and by appointment office location: Department of History, Science 267 phone: (415) [email protected] website:
2 Course requirements: Students will be expected to complete the reading assignments by Thursday of each week and come to class prepared to discuss them. There will be a take-home midterm and final, which will require critical reflection on the reading and lecture material. Additionally students will complete a short research project on a monument or neighborhood in Paris as well as a short paper based on a film featuring contemporary Paris. Due dates are given on the schedule and details on the research project and film paper are at the end of the syllabus. Grading: Grades will be determined as follows: midterm 25%, final 25%, research project 20%, film paper 20%, participation 10%. Students who wish to take the course CR/NC can change their grading status via My SFSU before March 18. Assignments due on Tuesday and turned in on Thursday will be marked down one half grade (e.g. A to A-); those due Thursday and turned in on Tuesday will be marked down two-half grades (e.g. A to B+), and assignments turned in one week late one full grade (e.g. A to B). Assignments more than one week late will not be accepted. If you are unable to complete the course requirements by the end of the semester, it is your responsibility to withdraw from the course. I will issue no instructor-initiated withdrawals or incompletes. Student-initiated incompletes are reserved for serious medical excuses (with documentation) or other natural disasters within the last three weeks of the semester. The last day to drop a course without a W is February 4; the last day with a W (except in extreme circumstances) is April 22. Schedule: January Origins February 1-3 Paris in the Middle Ages Reading: Victor Hugo, A Bird s Eye View of Paris, from A Hunchback of Notre Dame website: Paris at the Time of Philippe Auguste
3 February 8-10 Royal Paris Reading: Louis-Sebastian Mercier (ed. Jeremy Popkin), Panorama of Paris, selections (ER) February Revolutionary Paris Reading: Restif de la Bretonne, My Revolution, selections (ER) February Romantic Paris Research project due Thursday March 1-3 Rebuilding Paris Reading: Emile Zola, Ladies Paradise, chaps. 1-7 March 8-10 Impressionist Paris Reading: Emile Zola, Ladies Paradise, chaps. 8-14; Baudelaire, The Eyes of the Poor, from Paris Prowler (ER) March Belle Epoque Paris John Leighton, One Day under the Paris Commune Roland Barthes, The Eiffel Tower (ER) Website: The Siege and Commune of Paris March Avant-Garde Paris Take-home midterm due Tuesday SPRING BREAK
4 April 5-7 Expatriate Paris Reading: Ernest Hemingway, A Moveable Feast April Black Paris, Poor Paris Reading: George Orwell, Down and Out in Paris and London, chaps April Occupied Paris Reading: Patrick Modiano, Dora Bruder; Janet Flanner, Paris, Germany (ER) Website: Paris Liberé April Left Bank Paris Reading: Janet Flanner, Paris Journal, 1968 (ER) May 3-5 Immigrant Paris Reading: Leila Sebbar, The Seine Was Red May Contemporary Paris Reading: Adam Gopnik, The Balzar Wars and A Handful of Cherries (ER) Film paper due Tuesday May 19 Take-home final due
5 A Tour of Paris (due Thursday, February 24) This assignment asks you to research one of the monuments or neighborhoods below (assignments to be given in class). You are required to do the following: 1) Find 5-10 images of the place in question. 2) Write appropriate captions of 2-3 sentences explaining each image. 3) Write a short essay of approx. 500 words explaining the history and significance of the assigned place, including changes over time. Essay should be informative and lacking spelling, grammatical, or stylistic errors. 4) Provide a bibliography of print sources, websites, and (if applicable) novels, memoirs, and films about the assigned place. You must use at least two print sources. See me for suggestions if you are having trouble finding these. 5) Upload the images, captions, essay, and bibliography to a designated website (probably ilearn) where it can be viewed by the entire class. 6) Vote for the top five presentations! (Please note: Grading of this assignment will be done by the instructor on the basis of quality of research and presentation, entirely separate from this part of the exercise.) Ile de la Cité Ile St-Louis Conciergerie Sainte-Chapelle Cathedral of Notre Dame Place de la Bastille Place des Vosges Marais neighborhood Hôtel de Ville Les Halles (central markets) Centre Pompidou (Beaubourg) Palais Royal Bibliothèque Nationale (Richelieu) Bibliothèque Nationale (Mitterand) Louvre (palace and museum) Madeleine (place and church) Rue du Faubourg St-Honoré Place Vendôme (and column) Opéra (Palais Garnier) Tuileries (gardens and palace) Place de la Concorde Grand and Petit Palais Champs Elysées Arc de Triomphe La Défense (district) Bois de Boulogne Montmartre (neighborhood) Basilica du Sacré-Coeur Belleville (neighborhood) Sorbonne (University) Panthéon Latin Quarter Salpêtrière Hospital Grande Mosquée of Paris/Institut du Monde Arabe Jardin des Plantes Arènes de Lutèce (Roman arena) Gobelins (tapestry factory) Luxembourg Gardens/Palace Faubourg St-Germain/St-Germain des Près Bon Marché department store Invalides Eiffel Tower Musée d Orsay St-Denis (abbey, Stade de France, neighborhood) Père Lachaise cemetery (and Mur des Fédérés) Montparnasse neighborhood cafés : Le Select, Deux Magots, La Rotonde, La Coupole, Le Flore railway stations metro sewers bridges (esp. Pont Neuf)
6 Paris in the Movies (paper due Tuesday, May 12) Watch one of the films from the list below and write a 3-4 pp. paper that evaluates how the filmmaker represents the city of Paris. You do not need to evaluate the film as a whole nor give a detailed plot summary (a short paragraph is fine if you feel it is necessary). Instead, some questions you should consider are: In what period of Paris history is the film set? What specific places (monuments, neighborhoods, private homes, etc.) in Paris are shown in the film? How does the choice of locations influence the portrayal of the city? What attitude characterizes the vision of Paris? (e.g. nostalgia, cynicism, realism, etc.?) What visual or directorial techniques are used to portray Paris in a particular way? Do the characters in the film represent real or idealized Parisians? You do not need to do background research for this assignment, but if you use outside sources (print or internet), you must cite them appropropriately in the text (informal notes are fine) and include a bibliography. Papers should be double-spaced in 12-point font with normal margins. Staple the upper left-hand corner and include page numbers. Films: (Plot summaries available at *Zazie in the Metro (1960) *Breathless [A bout de souffle] (1961) Is Paris Burning? (1966) *The Last Metro (1980) *Les Amants du Pont-Neuf [The Lovers on the Bridge] (1991) *La Haine [Hate] (1995) *When the Cat s Away [Chacun cherche son chat] (1996) *Amélie (2001) *The Dreamers (2003) Paris, I Love You [Paris, Je t aime] (2006) Paris (2008) *Available to view at Library Media Services in HSS 127 with advance reservation.
London & Paris via the Chunnel
London & Paris via the Chunnel Day 1 - Arrive London A private car will be waiting to transfer your hotel. The Rubens at the Palace or the Dukes Hotel. Day 2 - Everything London Tour Meet the guide for
EAFP ANNUAL. Accomodation. Hotel Restaurant Le Chateaubriand *** 418 Avenue de la Division Leclerc, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry
Accomodation The organizing committee selected three hotels and obtained preferential rates. Please book the hotel of your choice, quoting the booking code. Hotel Restaurant Le Chateaubriand *** 418 Avenue
PARIS RETRO, THE VERY FRENCH TOUCH!
PARIS RETRO, THE VERY FRENCH TOUCH! Travelling in a chauffeured2cv! An unforgettable Experience to discover Paris off the beaten paths. Allow yourself to be charmed by an authentic and intimate journey
ACCORD LEARN FRENCH IN PARIS. www.french-paris.com www.accord-langues.com www.paris-junior.com ECOLE DE LANGUES PARIS. Institut Supérieur Privé
ECOLE DE LANGUES PARIS Institut Supérieur Privé sous convention avec les universités de Poitiers, Paris V, Paris VII, Paris VIII et INALCO Souffle LEARN FRENCH IN PARIS www.french-paris.com www.accord-langues.com
hotels Du Printemps Citadines République Paris List Map Sort by Guest Rating Bastille - Gare de Lyon, Paris 01 57 32 34 89
Hotels: 1195+ Hotels with 58000+ Venere.com Sort by List Map Guest Rating 23 hotels Du Printemps 01 57 32 34 89 Located in the historical district, Du Printemps is a hotel in the area of 12th Arrondissement,.
Paris, la Ville Lumière
Paris, la Ville Lumière La Seine Île de la Cité 1-La Tour Eiffel La Tour Eiffel Built for the World s Fair in 1889 Tallest structure until the Chrysler Building Three visitor levels Elevators or stairs
City of Light: Paris Private Journey
Travcoa Private Journeys are pre-designed luxury travel itineraries which are locally hosted by carefully selected guides. Each is crafted to provide the ideal in-depth experience of its various destinations
The Western Loop - Meet Us There
The Western Loop - Meet Us There Important Note: For accurate departure times, travel times, prices of activities, and suggestions on how much extra money you will need, please contact info@. What s Included
Paris and Its Architecture: From Monument to Urban Landscape
Boston University, Paris Architecture and Urbanism Program, Summer 2013 Paris and Its Architecture: From Monument to Urban Landscape AH383, Professors Tricia Meehan and Bernard Zirnheld Course Description
Retromobile Paris 2015 Park n Ride
Retromobile Paris 2015 Park n Ride Enjoy a Short Break to Paris for the No.1 Classic Car Event at the Palais Expo, Porte de Versailles Join us for a weekend trip to the biggest Retro Car Show in France
Dr. Gus C. Lease. Instructor: MUSIC BUILDING, Room 185. Office Location: 1/408/924-4678. Telephone:
San José State University School of Music and Dance/Music Department Course #20398, Music Appreciation 10A, Section 5 Spring Semester, January 22 - May 23, 2015 Instructor: Office Location: Telephone:
Report on Travels in France
Report on Travels in France I undertook my trip to France during Easter break, along with another scholarship applicant, Charlotte Griffin. We went from the 14 th to the 29 th of April in 2014. Much of
401 Days til Departure Departing From: Roanoke June 22, 2016 - June 30, 2016
(/) Log Out > (/my-account.aspx?logout=true&redirect=true) 401 Days til Departure Departing From: Roanoke June 22, 2016 - June 30, 2016 Tour Center ID: Blanton-7896 1 Travelers 15 Estimated Group Size
Bienvenue à Paris! Le voyageur
Bienvenue à Paris! Bienvenue à Paris Places you must see L Arc de Triomphe Le Louvre La Cathédrale Notre Dame de Paris Le Musée d Orsay Welcome to Paris, France! This charming city is the capital of the
Historical Highlights of France Private Journey
Travcoa Private Journeys are pre-designed luxury travel itineraries which are locally hosted by carefully selected guides. Each is crafted to provide the ideal in-depth experience of its various destinations
Maison de la mécanique 39-41 rue Louis Blanc - F-92400 Courbevoie Tel. + 33 (1) 47 17 60 00
Maison de la mécanique 39-41 rue Louis Blanc - F-92400 Courbevoie Tel. + 33 (1) 47 17 60 00 Access map from subway station Esplanade de la Défense By walking The Maison de la Mécanique, where is based
COURSE SYLLABUS PAD 3003 Section 05 Public Administration in Society: Online
COURSE SYLLABUS PAD 3003 Section 05 Public Administration in Society: Online Spring 2016 Contact Information: Instructor: Lachezar (Lucky) Anguelov, PhD Candidate Office: Bellamy 639 Office Hours: Friday
Paris June 24 th 27 th 2008
10 th World Level Crossing Symposium Safety and Trespass Prevention Paris June 24 th 27 th 2008 Organised by: DELEGATE In cooperation with: HANDBOOK www.levelcrossing2008.com 1 2 Welcome The UIC (International
Art Appreciation Lecture Series 2014 Realism to Surrealism: European art and culture 1848-1936. Manet (1832 1883) Painter of Modern Life
Art Appreciation Lecture Series 2014 Realism to Surrealism: European art and culture 1848-1936 Manet (1832 1883) Painter of Modern Life Christopher Allen 26/27 March 2014 Lecture summary: Manet is not
Foundation Science International Programme
Foundation Science International Programme www.ecetravel.com [email protected] +44 (0)20 8295 8620 FOUNDATION OF SCIENCE 14 DAYS From the organisers of the London International Youth Science Forum
Swiss Paris Delight. 05 nights / 06 days. Switzerland & France
05 nights / 06 days Swiss Paris Delight Switzerland & France Snow capped mountains surrounded by lush meadows in Switzerland, fashion capital Paris and many more interesting places invite you to Europe.
World Languages Curriculum French II: Unit One Grade 6-12
World Languages Curriculum French II: Unit One Grade 6-12 Page 1 UNIT 1 Course Description Paterson Public Schools is committed to seeing that all students progress and develop the required skills to support
SHOW ROOM FABRE AGENCE COMMERCIALE DE MODE INTERNATIONALE. 20, Rue du Louvre F-75001 Paris [email protected] www.showroomfabre.
Show Room Fabre warmly welcomes you in Paris famed fashion area. The current collections are on show at 2 prime addresses, both within comfortable walking distance, nearby the Louvre Museum, the Palais
After taking the course, students should be able to
The World of Things: Consumer Cultures in Historical Perspective Fall 2015 University of Massachusetts-Lowell Professor Patrick Young Dugan 106 [email protected] x4276 office hours: Tuesdays, 1-2:30,
General Psychology. Fall 2015
General Psychology Fall 2015 Dr. Mary E. McKemy (pronounced Mc-KAY-me, but feel free to call me Mary) Kinard 123 (down the hall from the Psychology Office) 323-2643 (Office) and 328-9978 (Home -- please
COURSE DESCRIPTION A survey of English Literature from 1660 to the present. Two critical papers are required.
Note: Course content may be changed, term to term, without notice. The information below is provided as a guide for course selection and is not binding in any form, and should not be used to purchase course
HOTEL CONCORDE LAFAYETTE DELUXE
GLOBAL & WRFPM 2009 - TOP FUEL PARIS-FRANCE 2009 HOTEL CONCORDE LAFAYETTE DELUXE Hotel Concorde La Fayette is conveniently located close to the Champs- Elysées, between the La Défense business district
Prof. Karen Overbey. Requirements: FAH 25: midterm and final exams, group presentation, paper (6-7 pages), regular attendance and participation
FAH 25/125 Medieval Architecture Spring 2012 T/R 1:30-2:45 Jackson 6 Prof. Karen Overbey Office Hours: Tuesdays 3-4:30 pm and by appointment Art History Dept, 3 rd Floor 617.627.2597 [email protected]
European Studies Association
European Studies Association 2014 Summer in Paris Our Thirty-Seventh Annual Program Important Addresses (C) Centre dominicain, 10 rue de Condé, 75006 Paris Tel 01 43 29 91 62 Métro: Odéon (SteF) Foyer
University of North Georgia Department of Criminal Justice College of Arts and Letters
University of North Georgia Department of Criminal Justice College of Arts and Letters Spring 2016 CRJU 1100 3375 Intro to Criminal Justice Professor: Kevin French Email: [email protected] Office: 309
California Mission Research Project Guidelines
! California Mission Research Project Guidelines Dear Students and Parents, The following packet contains all the information you will need to complete your California Mission Research Project. Use this
A-H 106 RENAISSANCE THROUGH MODERN ART. (3) Historical development of Western art and architecture from the fourteenth century through the present.
# 101 INTRODUCTION TO VISUAL STUDIES. (3) The course introduces students to the concepts and techniques of visual literacy. It explores a full spectrum of man-made visual forms encountered by contemporary
DHE 463 HISTORY OF CONTEMPORARY FASHION (4 credits)
DHE 463 HISTORY OF CONTEMPORARY FASHION (4 credits) I. INSTRUCTOR: Jennifer M. Mower, Ph.D. Office: 326 Milam Hall II. CONTACT INFORMATION [email protected] Please include DHE 463 in the subject line
Urban redevelopment in Paris - an evaluative approach
Urban redevelopment in Paris - an evaluative approach John Snelling Head of Geography, Trinity School tline of the activity / day 1. A n o u 2 day/1 night field trip via Eurostar to Paris to investigate
Reading and Listening Required Text: Yudkin, Jeremy. 2013. Understanding Music, Seventh Edition. NJ: Pearson Education.
Conrad Grebel University College University of Waterloo Department of Music MUSIC 100-002 Understanding Music Winter 2014 Mondays & Wednesdays 1:30-3:00 pm, CGR 1111 (Great Hall) Instructor: Prof. Maisie
Writing Topics WRITING TOPICS
Writing Topics Topics in the following list may appear in your actual test. You should become familiar with this list before you take the computer-based TOEFL test. Remember that when you take the test
World History to 1500 HIST 114 [03]
San Francisco State University Spring 2014 World History to 1500 HIST 114 [03] Dr. Dennis Campbell Class Meeting: Tuesday/Thursday 9:35 10:50 Room: HSS 310 Email: [email protected] Office: Science 267B
INTERNATIONAL POWERED ACCESS FEDERATION. [email protected] www.ipaf.org
INTERNATIONAL POWERED ACCESS FEDERATION [email protected] www.ipaf.org Manufacturer Technical committee and FEM MEWP Product Group meeting Date Wednesday 30 th September and Thursday 1 st October 2015 in Paris
SPC 185 Mass Media and Society Winter 2014. Tuesday-Thursday. 10-11:50 a.m.
SPC 185 Mass Media and Society Winter 2014. Tuesday-Thursday. 10-11:50 a.m. Instructor: Dr. Steve Macek Office Hours: Tuesday-Thursday 8:30-9:30 am, Wednesday 10 am to 1 pm and by appointment. Campus Phone:
email: [email protected] Room 101 Moffitt T/TH: 9:30-11:00
History of Art 190B Lisa Pieraccini, Ph.D. Spring 2009 email: [email protected] Room 101 Moffitt T/TH: 9:30-11:00 Office Hours Thurs. 11:00-12:00 Office: Doe 419A Etruscan Italy The Etruscans, dismissed
HY 1010, Western Civilization I Course Syllabus. Course Description. Course Textbook. Course Learning Outcomes. Credits.
Course Syllabus Course Description Explores the history of Western Civilization, examining developments in Western thought and culture from the earliest recorded civilizations to the 18th century. Course
Important Note: Introductory Sociology (1A06) is a prerequisite for this class.
SOCIOLOGY 3G03 Sociology of Health Care Fall 2015 Instructor: Dr. Rhona Shaw Lectures: Mon 2:30 4:20 & Wed 2:30 3:20 Ext: 23617 Lecture Hall Location: ABB-165 Office: KTH 632 Office Hours: Wednesday 3:30-4:30
Del Mar College Child Development / Early Childhood. Course Syllabus TECA 1354 (online)
Del Mar College Child Development / Early Childhood Course Syllabus TECA 1354 (online) Course Title: Child Growth and Development Course Description: A study of the physical, emotional, social and cognitive
The Beauvais Experience Experience the Beauvais Manufacturing Plant, the Massey Ferguson Centre of Excellence FROM MASSEY FERGUSON
The Beauvais Experience Experience the Beauvais Manufacturing Plant, the Massey Ferguson Centre of Excellence FROM MASSEY FERGUSON The Visitor Experience The facility comprises numerous workshops which
The Lincoln University Composition Program/Department of Languages and Literature ENG 099 Course Syllabus. 3 PREREQUISITE (S): Placement
The Lincoln University Composition Program/Department of Languages and Literature ENG 099 Course Syllabus COURSE TITLE: Integrated Writing & Reading COURSE NUMBER: ENG 099.08 CREDIT HOURS 3 PREREQUISITE
Kean University Department of Criminal Justice Ethics in Criminal Justice CJ 3740 01 Spring 2012
Kean University Department of Criminal Justice Ethics in Criminal Justice CJ 3740 01 Spring 2012 Instructor: Professor James J. Drylie Course Time: Tuesday Friday 11:00-12:15pm Course Location: STEM 308
March, 24. March, 25
OBJECTWEB ARCHITECTURE MEETING JUSSIEU UNIVERSITY, FRANCE, MARCH 24 th TO 26 Th 2004 Many thanks to the LIP6 for hosting this meeting and to Gil Blain for his help in the preparation of the meeting. AGENDA
GUIDELINES FOR ACADEMIC ESSAYS. DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY, LATIN AND POLITICAL SCIENCE, LANGARA COLLEGE January, 2012
GUIDELINES FOR ACADEMIC ESSAYS DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY, LATIN AND POLITICAL SCIENCE, LANGARA COLLEGE January, 2012 Introduction As a student in the History/Latin/Political Science department, you will invariably
ECSSS JULY 2013 PARIS-SORBONNE LIST OF HOTELS AROUND THE SORBONNE
ECSSS JULY 2013 PARIS-SORBONNE LIST OF HOTELS AROUND THE SORBONNE Here is a selection of 30 hotels around the Sorbonne. There are many more indeed and the list below is just for information on some places
DEPARTMENT OF ART HISTORY Fall 2010 SUPPLEMENT
DEPARTMENT OF ART HISTORY Fall 2010 SUPPLEMENT The Art History Department welcomes students of all disciplines. Our courses provide students with the skills needed to analyze the visual arts on their own,
CENTRAL TEXAS COLLEGE SYLLABUS FOR MUSI 1306 MUSIC APPRECIATION. Semester Hours Credit: 3
CENTRAL TEXAS COLLEGE SYLLABUS FOR MUSI 1306 MUSIC APPRECIATION Semester Hours Credit: 3 INSTRUCTOR: OFFICE HOURS: I. INTRODUCTION A. The purpose of this course is to lay the foundation for perceptive
OpenTrack simulation for suburban tunnel in Paris (RER B & D)
OpenTrack simulation for suburban tunnel in Paris (RER B & D) Presentation Opentrack Viriato workshop January 24th, 2008 Zurich, Switzerland EGIS - ERIC BENARD Table of contents Introduction Overall context
Seurat & the influence of Impressionism
Seurat & the influence of Impressionism The painting of A Sunday at la Grande Jatte. ARTH103: Andrew Wilkinson, student #66715187 Georges Seurat was an influential Neo-Impressionist painter in the late
Due: Draft due: Wednesday, January 16 Revision due: Monday, January 28
Research Proposal Assignment Assignment: Overview This assignment asks you to produce a formal proposal of at least 1200 words describing the research project you intend to pursue for the rest of the quarter.
How To Read The Works Of Karl Marx And Other Modern Thinkers
Social Theory Honors Section Sociology 475 Professor Cameron Macdonald T-Th 2:30-3:45 8135 Social Science Social Science 6112 Office Hours, Tuesdays, noon 2:00 COURSE DESCRIPTION In this course we will
NEW VISION NEW STRATEGY NEW OPPORTUNITIES
NEW VISION NEW STRATEGY NEW OPPORTUNITIES PARIS LA DÉFENSE, CREATING SUSTAINABLE APPEAL CREATING A DISTRICT WITH SUSTAINABLE APPEAL Today, Paris La Défense is Europe s largest business hub. The district
SYLLABUS. 6. Office Phone and email: 210-601-1996 [email protected] or [email protected]
MISM 5306 DR. FLORES WINTER 2010-1 SYLLABUS 1. Wayland Baptist University, Virtual Campus, School of Business 2. Mission Statement: Wayland Baptist University exists to educate students in an academically
