Life expectancy in Plymouth

Transcription

1 Life expectancy in Plymouth Produced as part of Plymouth's Joint Strategic Needs Assessment Author: Public Health Plymouth Date: January

2 Further copies of this report are available from Public Health Plymouth ( or Public Health Plymouth

3 Contents 1. Introduction 4 2. Key findings 5 3. The geographies used in this report 6 4. Trends in male and female life expectancy 9 5. Life expectancy in the Plymouth neighbourhoods Life expectancy in the Plymouth localities Life expectancy by deprivation group The life expectancy inequalities target 13 Appendix: Plymouth's life expectancy 'bus route'

4 1. Introduction Life expectancy at birth has been used as a measure of the health status of the population of England and Wales since the 1840s. It was employed in some of the earliest reports of the Registrar General to highlight the differences in mortality experienced by populations in different parts of the country. For example, in 1841 life expectancy at birth for men in Surrey was 44 years, compared to 25 years for men in Liverpool. This tradition of using life expectancy at birth as an indicator of geographic inequalities in health has been continued by the Office for National Statistics (ONS) in recent years, with the publication of results for health and local authorities in the United Kingdom. The calculation of national life expectancy results for the United Kingdom and its constituent countries remains the responsibility of the Government Actuary s Department. Average life expectancy is determined by mortality at all ages. Therefore, the range of influences on life expectancy is vast and includes all those influences on health at each age. All of the health determinants will have an impact on life expectancy. Average life expectancy is therefore a good summary indicator of the health status of the population. A gap in health status exists between different areas in the country, different social groups, the population as a whole, different black and minority ethnic groups, and men and women. Life expectancy at birth for an area in each time period is an estimate of the average number of years a new-born baby would survive if he or she experienced the particular area s age-specific mortality rates for that time period throughout his or her life. The figure reflects mortality among those living in the area in each time period, rather than mortality among those born in each area. It is not therefore the number of years a baby born in the area in each time period could actually expect to live, both because the death rates of the area are likely to change in the future and because many of those born in the area will live elsewhere for at least some part of their lives. Life expectancy at birth is also not a guide to the remaining expectancy of life at any given age. For example, if female life expectancy was 80 years for a particular area, life expectancy of women aged 75 years in that area would exceed five years. This reflects the fact that survival from a particular age depends only on the mortality rates beyond that age, whereas survival from birth is based on mortality rates at every age. Throughout this report 95% confidence intervals are included. They are shown as the '+/-' figures in brackets. Confidence intervals are included to show how representative the results of these surveys are of the whole population of children. If the confidence intervals for two values do not overlap, then it is said that there is a significant difference between them. There are considerable variations year-on-year in neighbourhood-based life expectancy values due to the effect of 'small numbers'. 4

5 2. Key findings Overall life expectancy in the city (for males and females combined) continues to rise, having risen by 2.8 years since Overall life expectancy in Plymouth was 80.3 years in The Widewell neighbourhood had the highest overall life expectancy in (84.8 years). The Devonport neighbourhood had the lowest life expectancy (72.2 years) in the same period. The gap between the highest and lowest neighbourhoods in was therefore 12.6 years. The Central/North East locality had the highest overall life expectancy in (82.7 years). The South West locality had the lowest life expectancy (76.8 years) in the same period. Since life expectancy in the Plymstock locality has risen by 2.7 years. Since life expectancy in the South West locality has only risen by 1.2 years. There is a strong positive association between the neighbourhood deprivation groups and life expectancy. In other words the more deprived the neighbourhood group, the lower the life expectancy and vice versa. This analysis is based on the Index of Multiple Deprivation The inequalities gap between the fifth of neighbourhoods with the lowest life expectancy and the city average has reduced from 3.8 years in (national target baseline) to 2.8 years in The inequalities gap reduced by 0.8 years from (local target baseline) to

6 3. The geographies used in this report The new (2012) Plymouth neighbourhoods were adopted in September 2011 at a meeting of the Plymouth 2020 Executive Group. This Group accepted the recommendation that 'plans are put in place to adopt the proposed boundary changes set out in the overview report.' The overview report had recommended that the city be divided into 39 neighbourhoods, based on aggregations of lower super output areas (LSOAs) and that these new neighbourhoods should, when grouped together, align to the city's electoral ward boundaries. An updated set of locality boundaries, based on the 39 new neighbourhoods, was subsequently agreed by Plymouth's JSNA Steering Group. These localities are made up of aggregations of electoral wards which, as already stated, are themselves made up of aggregations of neighbourhoods. Plymouth's new neighbourhood and locality boundaries are shown in Figure 1. Figure 1: Plymouth by neighbourhood and locality 6

7 Table 1 shows the neighbourhoods that make up each of the six Plymouth localities for which data is presented in this report. Table 1: The Plymouth localities by neighbourhood Locality Neighbourhood Locality Neighbourhood Central/North East Beacon Park Plymstock Elburton & Dunstone Eggbuckland Estover, Glenholt & Derriford East Higher Compton & Mannamead Leigham & Mainstone Goosewell Manadon & Widey South East East End Mutley Peverell & Hartley Plymstock & Radford Turnchapel, Hooe & Oreston Efford Greenbank & University Lipson & Laira North West Barne Barton Mount Gould Derriford West & Crownhill Ernesettle South West City Centre Honicknowle Southway St. Budeaux & Kings Tamerton Tamerton Foliot Whitleigh Widewell Devonport Ford Ham & Pennycross Keyham Morice Town North Prospect & Weston Mill Stoke Plympton Chaddlewood Stonehouse Colebrook, Newnham & Ridgeway Plympton St. Maurice & Yealmpstone Woodford Deprivation measures attempt to identify communities where the need for healthcare is greater, material resources are less and as such the capacity to cope with the consequences of ill-health are less. People are therefore deprived if there is inadequate education, inadequate housing, unemployment, insufficient income, poor health, and low opportunities for enjoyment. A deprived area is conventionally understood to be a place in which people tend to be relatively poor and are relatively likely to suffer from misfortunes such as ill-health. The Index of Multiple Deprivation 2010 (IMD2010) is the current official measure of deprivation. However as it is not routinely available at neighbourhood level, analysis has been carried out by Public Health Plymouth to produce IMD2010 scores for each of the city's 39 neighbourhoods. The results of this analysis are shown in figure 2. 7

8 Figure 2 IMD2010 scores for the 39 Plymouth neighbourhoods As well as producing information on a locality basis, Public Health Plymouth also produce information for five deprivation groups. These groups are based on combinations of neighbourhoods sorted according to their IMD2010 score. The eight neighbourhoods with the highest IMD2010 scores are grouped together to make the 'most deprived' group and the eight neighbourhoods with the lowest IMD2010 scores are grouped together to make the 'least deprived' group. The three intervening groups are referred to as 'upper middle', 'middle' and 'lower middle'. The neighbourhoods which together make up the most deprived and least deprived neighbourhood groups are shown in Table 2. Table 2: Neighbourhoods in the most deprived and least deprived groups Group Neighbourhood Group Neighbourhood Most 1. Devonport Least 32. Higher Compton & Mannamead 2. Stonehouse 33. Plymstock & Radford 3. North Prospect & Weston Mill 34. Peverell & Hartley 4. East End 35. Chaddlewood 5. Whitleigh 36. Colebrook, Newnham & Ridgeway 6. Morice Town 37. Goosewell 7. Barne Barton 38. Woodford 8. Honicknowle 39. Elburton & Dunstone 8

9 4. Trends in male and female life expectancy Figure 3 Trends in male and female life expectancy Since life expectancy has improved for both males and females in the city (from 75.7 to 77.6 years and from 80.4 to 82.0 years respectively). Life expectancy of males has consistently been below the England average. The latest data reveals male life expectancy in Plymouth is currently one year lower than the England average. The overall trend is of a widening gap between male life expectancy in Plymouth and the England average. During the two 3-year periods of and female life expectancy in Plymouth was slightly higher than the England value. The Plymouth value has plateaued at 82.0 years since whilst the England average has continued to rise. This has resulted in the latest Plymouth figure being 0.6 years lower than the England average. Note: The information presented in this section is produced by the NHS Information Centre for Health and Social Care and is not available at sub-city level. The life expectancy information (presented in sections five to eight) have been calculated by Public Health Plymouth using information from local sources and as such can be made available at sub-city level. 9

10 5. Life expectancy in the Plymouth neighbourhoods Figure 4 Neighbourhood life expectancy Life expectancy overall (for males and females combined) in Plymouth was 80.3 (+/- 0.3) in and has increased by 2.8 years since (the baseline year of the national inequalities target). The Widewell neighbourhood had the highest overall life expectancy in (84.8 (+/-2.0) years). This compares with Devonport where life expectancy was 72.2 (+/-2.1) years in the same period. These figures compare with the city average of 80.3 (+/-0.3) years. On this basis the gap in life expectancy between the neighbourhoods with the highest and lowest life expectancy in is 12.6 years. 10

11 6. Life expectancy in the Plymouth localities Table 2 Life expectancy in the Plymouth localities Locality Life expectancy +/- Central/North East North West Plympton Plymstock South East South West Plymouth City The Central/North East locality had the highest overall life expectancy in (82.7 years (+/-0.6). This compares with the South West locality where life expectancy was 76.8 years (+/-0.6) in the same period. These figures compare with the city average of 80.3 years (+/-0.3). On this basis the gap in life expectancy between the localities with the highest and lowest life expectancy in is 5.9 years. Figure 5 Trends in life expectancy by locality Life expectancy overall in Plymouth has increased by 2.0 years from 78.3 (+/-0.3) years in to 80.3 (+/-0.3) years in Progress over the same period in the Plymouth localities ranges from an increase of 2.7 years in the Plymstock locality, to an increase of only 1.2 years in the South West locality. 11

12 7. Life expectancy by deprivation group Table 3 Life expectancy by deprivation group in IMD2010 groupings Life expectancy +/- Most deprived (8) Upper middle (8) Middle group (7) Lower middle (8) Least deprived (8) Plymouth City The lower middle group of neighbourhoods had the highest overall life expectancy in (82.3 (+/-0.7) years). This compares with the most deprived group of neighbourhoods where life expectancy was 78.2 (+/-0.7) years in the same period. These figures compare with the city average of 80.3 (+/-0.3) years. On this basis the gap in locality life expectancy between the areas with the highest and lowest life expectancy in is 4.1 years. Figure 6 Trends in life expectancy by deprivation group As already stated, life expectancy overall in Plymouth has increased by 2.0 years from 78.3 (+/-0.3) years in to 80.3 (+/-0.3) years in Progress over the same period in the deprivation groups ranges from an increase of 2.3 years in the middle group of neighbourhoods, to an increase of only 1.5 years in the least deprived group of neighbourhoods. Life expectancy increased by 2.0 years in the most deprived group of neighbourhoods from to

13 8. The life expectancy inequalities target The current target in Plymouth is to reduce the gap in life expectancy by at least 10% between the fifth of areas (eight neighbourhoods) with the lowest life expectancy and the population as a whole by 2020 (based on data) from the 2010 baseline (based on data). Table 4 Trends in Plymouth s life expectancy target Year Plymouth Areas with lowest L.E. Gap (years) (national baseline) (local baseline) The latest data ( ) for Plymouth shows that life expectancy has risen to 80.3 years (from 80.1 in ). With regard to the specific target, the gap between the fifth of areas (eight neighbourhoods) with the lowest life expectancy and the city as a whole fell to 2.8 years in This represents a reduction of 22.1% from the baseline (of 3.6 years). If this performance can be maintained, then the target (to reduce the gap in life expectancy by at least 10% between the fifth of areas with the lowest life expectancy and the population as a whole by 2020) will be achieved. Although this year two performance is encouraging, given the historical fluctuations in the life expectancy gap (and the fact that it remained virtually static in (year one)) it will be necessary to monitor the existing target for a number of years to ensure that it has been achieved and that the current good performance is not simply the result of a positive fluctuation. ****************************** 13

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