THREE BRYOPHYTES NEW TO ROMANIA

Transcription

1 Studia bot. hung , pp , THREE BRYOPHYTES NEW TO ROMANIA G. JAKAB Körös-Maros National Park H-5541 Szarvas, Anna-liget, Pf. 72, Hungary Drepanocladus pseudostramineus and Schistidium trichodon reported from the Bihor Mts and Cephaloziella massalongi from the Harghita Mts are new to the bryophyte flora of Romania. The occurrence of Drepanocladus pseudostramineus is reported from the Padis karst area from a surprisingly low altitude. Key words: bryophytes, Cephaloziella massalongi, Drepanocladus pseudostramineus, Schistidium trichodon, Romania INTRODUCTION The author organised two collecting trips in the Carpathians in 1999, to the Hargitha and the Bihor Mts, respectively. One liverwort and two mosses from the collected material proved to be new to the flora of Romania. A brief description on the identification of the species with some bryogeographical remarks is provided in this report. MATERIAL AND METHODS For the identifications of the specimens collected, the works of HEDENÄS (1993), JANSSENS (1983) and SMITH (1978, 1990) were used. The identifications were confirmed by Sándor ORBÁN and Tamás PÓCS (Eger). The nomenclature follows DULL (1983, 1984, 1985). The specimens have been deposited in the private collection of the author (Szarvas) and in the Herbarium of the Hungarian Natural History Museum (Budapest, BP). List of geographical names used in the text: English Hungarian Romanian Harghita Mts Hargita-hegység Muntii Harghita Tolvajos stream Tolvajos-patak Paraul Talharului - Kirulyfürdő Bäile Chirui Kalibáskő rock Kalibáskő Piatra Colibei Bihor Mts Bihar-hegység Muntii Bihor Barsa pit Bársza-katlan Groapa de la Barsa Barsa ice-cave Bársza-barlang Ghetärul Barsa Black pond Fekete-tó Lacul Negru Fortress of Ponor Csodavár Cetätile Ponorului Black cave Fekete barlang Pesterea Neagra

2 Eszkimó ice-cave Ponor glade Spring of Ponor glade Cold spring Bear valley Eszkimó jégbarlang Ponor-rét Ponor-rét forrása Hideg-forrás Medve-völgy Ghetärul Focul Viu Poiana Ponor Izvorul Poiana Ponor Izvorul Rece Valea Ursului RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Cephaloziella massalongi (Spruce) K. Müll. Syn.: Ceplialozia massalongi Spruce, Cephalozia compacta (Joerg.) Müll. Frib., Cephaloziella perssonii K. Müll. Some bryophytes were collected on 19 June, 1999 from rock cavities of the "Kalibáskő" rock (Harghita Mts.) on the way to the famous "Hargitaliget" fen (NYÁRÁDY 1929). This boulder is situated beside the "Tolvajos" stream opposite to the spring named "Festő-borvízkút" near the road towards Kirulyfürdő village. The cavities in the conglomerate rock were carved by the stream. Extensive mats of Cephaloziella massalongi were found in these cavities, together with Conocephalwn conicum (L.) Lindb., Lepidozia reptans (L.) Dum., Dicranella suhulata (Hedw.) Schimp., Gymnostomum aeruginosum Sm., Leptobryum pyriforme (Hedw.) Wils., Pohlia proligera (Kindb. ex Breidl.) Lindb. ex H. Arn. and Rhabdoweisia fugax (Hedw.) B., S. et G. Outside the cavities Sphenolobus minutus (Schieb, in Cranz) Berggr., Tritomaria exsecta (Schmid. ex Schrad.) Schiffn. ex Loeske, Amphidium mougeotii (B. et S.) Schimp., Bartramia halleriana Hedw., Dicranum montanum Hedw., Leucobryum juniperoideum (Brid.) C. Muell., Leucobryum glaucum (Hedw.) Aongstr. and Pohlia nutans (Hedw.) Lindb. grow on the rock. Cephaloziella massalongi is new to the bryophyte flora of Romania (see DULL 1983). Description of Cephaloziella massalongi according to Smith (1990): Probably dioecious. Plants very slender, in yellowish-green or green to reddish-brown or blackish, sometimes extensive patches, mats or turfs. Shoots prostrate to erect, (-320) pm wide, stems branching irregularly, 40-80(-100) pm wide, dorsal cortical cells pm wide. Leaves on sterile stems distant to approximate or subimbricate, itransversely inserted, patent to erecto-patent or with basal part patent and lobes ±erect, concave channelled, pm long, pm wide, margins irregularly dentate to sinuose-dentate or ientire, bilobed to , sinus acute, lobes lanceolate to narrowly triangular, (2-)4-8 cells wide at base, these cells pm wide, walls thin and colourless or more usually thickened, some-

3 times heavily so and reddish-brown cuticle usually densely papillose, sometimes with conical protrusions on back of leaf below sinus. Underleaves present on sterile stems, subulate to lanceolate and bilobed, 40-90(-120) pm, entire or toothed. Gemmae common, ±ellipsoid, reddish-brown to purplish, (l-)2-celled, (12-) pm long, pm wide. The most distinctive features of the species (SMITH 1990), like the presence of underleaves on sterile stems, toothed leaf margins, papillose leaf cuticle, non-angular or non-papillose gemmae can be easily recognised on the material. The plant was fertile with lots of capsules and perianths. It is interesting, because fertile plants are quite rare (SMITH 1990) (Fig. 1 ). In the valley of the "Tolvajos" stream, close to this location, a former colour mill used to make brown colour from limonite (bog-iron). The limonite-rich springs paint the stream brick-red, and the water of the stream paints the base of the "Kalibáskő" rock as well. This metal-rich substrate could be similar to mine-spoils has reported Cephaloziella massalongi in Europe (SMITH 1990). Fig. 1. Cephaloziella massalongi: A = underleaves from sterile stems; B = leaves from sterile stems; C = lobe of leaf from sterile stem; D and E = sterile shoots with entire and dentate leaves; F = leaf from shoot 5 in side view; G = gemmae (SMITH 1990).

4 Drepanocladus pseudostramineus (C. Muell.) G. Roth Syn.: Calliergidium pseudostramineum (C. Muell.) Grout, Drepanocladus fluitans f. pseudostramineus Moenk., Warnstorfia pseudostraminea (C. Muell.) Tuom. et T. Kop. The Barsa pit is a closed basin of the Padis-Fortress of Ponor depression in the Bihor Mts. The so-called Black pond is a suspended doline-pond with dark water in the Barsa pit near the Barsa ice-cave. The pond is surrounded by Picea forest. During our field survey on 18 August, 1999 some sedges on the shore and one moss species were found in the water. The latter proven to be the rare Drepanocladus pseudostramineus which is new to the bryophyte flora of Romania. Description of Drepanocladus pseudostramineus according to HEDENÄS (1993): Medium-sized, sparsely or sparsely radially branched plants, green, yellow-green or brownish. Stem leaves narrowly ovate-triangular or ovate, +straight or slightly falcate; margin ientire to finely denticulate; nerve weak or rather strong, reaching just above mid-leaf to 4/5 way up the leaf. Alar cells forming an isodiametric or, more rarely transversely triangular group; supra-alar cells often forming an oval or rectangular group along lower leaf margin. Stem leaf apex acuminate or obtuse, often incurved. Drepanocladus pseudostramineus is closely related to D. tundrae (Arn.) Loeske. D. pseudostramineus is distingushed by less decurrent alar cell groups, a more circular stem transverse section and often a narrowly obtuse apex (Janssens 1983). Both species form the connecting link between Warnstorfia and the true Calliergon species (TUOMIKOSKI and KOPONEN 1979). The specimen was easily distinguishable from the Calliergon species with its leaves gradually tapering to an acumen, and from the other Drepanocladus and Warnstorfia species with the features mentioned above. The most conspicuous feature is the obtuse and incurved leaf apex (Fig. 2). Fig. 2. Drepanocladus pseudostramineus: A = stem leaves; B = alar cells; C - pseudoparaphylla; D = medial leaf cells; E = marginal leaf cells halfway up the leaf (HEDENÄS 1993, JANSSENS 1983).

5 Drepanocladus pseudostramineus is a subarctic moss. The Black pond is just about 1350 m above sea level. This is a surprising occurrence because of the quite low altitude. However, if we consider that numerous bryophytes with arctic and alpine character occur in the Padis area at such a low altitude this new data is not an extraordinary one. Such species include My lia taylorii (Hook.) S. F. Gray, Bryum uliginosum (Brid.) B. et S., Heterocladium heteropterum B., S. et G. (Eszkimó ice-cave), Myrinia pulvinata (Wahlenb.) Schimp., Plagiobryum zierii (Hedw.) Lindb. (BOROS and VAJDA 1974), Platydictya jungermannioides (Brid.) Cram., Tortella fragilis (Dramm.) Limpr. (Black cave), Cyrtomnium hymenophylloides (Hueb.) Nyh. ex T. Kop. (Barsa ice-cave), Amblyodon dealbatus (Hedw.) B. et S. (Ponor glade), Meesia uliginosa var. alpina (Funck ex Bruch) Hampe (Fortress of Ponor) (JAKAB 2000). This phenomenon can be easily interpreted with the special geological features of the area (ice-caves, deep depressions) which cause the inversion of climate and certain changes in the vegetation. The thermal inversion is particularly characteristic of this area (CSŰRÖS 1981, POP 1997). On the other hand, the bryophytes, compared with vascular plants, have relative low habitat requirements, that is, they are more flexible in this regard. Schistidium trichodon (Brid.) Poelt Syn.: Schistidium apocarpum subsp. longidens (Philib.) Wijk et Marg., Grimmia trichodon Brid. The author has collected a blackish Schistidium from bare rock surfaces and near springs in the Bihor Mts, which proved to be the rare S. trichodon. It is a rare boreal-montane element and again, is new to the bryophyte flora of Romania. Description of S. trichodon according to Smith (1978): Plants blackish, stems leafless below; hair-point 0-60 pm long; nerve and cells smooth above or with low papillae. Peristome teeth (450-) (-750) pm long, filiform, fragile; spores 8-10 pm. Capsule common in winter. Blackish, straggling patches on basic, montane rocks. The filiform, long peristome teeth, and the short hair-points can be easily recognised on the specimen. The leaf apex is slightly denticulate in the collected material which does not agree with Smith's (1978) description. S. trichodon is blackish and much larger than the common S. apocarpum (Hedw.) B. et S. (Fig. 3). On 17 August, 1999 the bryophytes of the Fortress of Ponor were studied. The Fortress of Ponor is the most grandiose karstic formation in Transsylvania. It consists of three big stone circles which lie in a huge afforested depression of 300 m deep and more than 1 km in diameter at its upper level. The following bryophytes were recorded from the location: Barbilophozia kunzeana (Hueb.) K. Muell., Ble-

6 pharostoma trichophyllum (L.) Dum., Calypogeia muelleriana (Schiffn.) K. Muell., Calypogeia suecica (H. Arn. et J. Perss.) K. Muell., Cephalozia bicuspidata (L.) Dum., Cephaloziella rubella (Nees) Wamst, var. sullivanü (Aust.) K. Muell., Fossombronia sp., My lia taylórii (Hook.) S. F. Gray, Nowellia curvifolia (Dicks.) Mitt., Plagiochila asplenioides (L. emend. Tay].) Dum., Preissia quadrata (Scop.) Nees, Scapania aspera H. Bernet, Tritomaria quinquedentata (Huds.) Buch, Amblystegium tenax (Hedw.) C. Jens., Bryum pollens Sw., Bryum uliginosum (Brid.) B. et S., Campylium halleri (Hedw.) Lindb., Campylium stellatum (Hedw.) C. Jens., Cinclidotus fontinaloides (Hedw.) P. Beauv., Ctenidium molluscum (Hedw.) Mitt., Distichum capillaceum (Hedw.) B., S. et G., Ditrichum flexicaule (Schwaegr.) Hampe, Eucladium verticillatum (Brid.) B., S. et G., Gynmostomum aeruginosum Sm., Hygrohypnum luridum (Hedw.) Jenn., Hylocomium umbratum (Hedw.) B., S. et G., Isopterygium pulchellum (Hedw.) Jaeg., Meesia uliginosa var. alpina (Funck ex Bruch) Hampe, Orthothecium intricatum (Harm.) B., S. et G., Orthothecium rufescens B., S. et G., Plagiobryum zierii (Hedw.) Lindb., Plagiomnium medium (B. et S.) T. Kop. subsp. medium, Plagiothecium undulatum (Hedw.) B., S. et G., Platydictya jungermannioides (Brid.) Crum., Pohlia cruda (Hedw.) Lindb., Polytrichum formosum Hedw., Ptilium crista-castrensis (Hedw.) De Not., Rhytidiadelphus subpinnatus (Lindb.) T. Kop., Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus (Hedw.) Warnst., Sanionia uncinata (Hedw.) Loeske, Sphagnum girgensohnii Russ., Sphagnum squarrosum Crome, Timmia austriaca Hedw., Timmia megapolitana subsp. bavarica (Hessl.) Brassard. Another location of the species is the Ponor glade, which is a closed depression surrounded by partly afforested slopes. This is one of the few most typical polies in Romania. A small spring appears at the northeastern side of it. D Fig. 3. Schistidium trichodon: A = peristome tooth; B = mid-leaf cells; C = leaf; D = leaf apex in side view (SMITH 1978).

7 At the Spring of Ponor glade, Schistidium trichodon is found together with Conocephalum conicum (L.) Lindb., Jungermannia exsertifolia Steph. subsp. cordifolia (Dum.) Varia, Marchanda polymorpha L. emend. Burgeff, Amblyodon dealbatus (Hedw.) B. et S., Bryum pollens Sw., Bryum pseudotriquetrum (Hedw.) Gaertn. et al. var. bimum (Schieb, in Hedw.) Lilj., Bryum pseudotriquetrum (Hedw.) Gaertn. et al. var. pseudotriquetrum, Calliergonella cuspidata (Hedw.) Loeske, Campylium stellatum (Hedw.) C. Jens., Climacium dendroides (Hedw.) Web. et Mohr, Cratoneuron commutatum (Hedw.) Roth, Cratoneuron filicinum (Hedw.) Spruce, Ctenidium molluscum (Hedw.) Mitt., Distichum capillaceum (Hedw.) B., S. et G., Dydimodon spadiceus (Mitt.) Limpr., Hygrohypnum ochraceum (Turn, ex Wils.) Loeske, Mnium marginatum (With.) Brid. ex P. Beauv., Myrinia pulvinata (Wahlenb.) Schimp., Plagiomnium undulatum (Hedw.) T. Kop., Thuidium delicatulum (Hedw.) B., S. et G. var. delicatulum. The third record of the species is from the Cold spring. It is a karst-spring abounding in water in the Bear valley. Schistidium trichodon was recorded here with Bryum uliginosum (Brid.) B. et S., Ctenidium molluscum (Hedw.) Mitt., Dichodontium pellucidum (Hedw.) Schimp., Distichum capillaceum (Hedw.) B., S. et G., Dydimodon spadiceus (Mitt.) Limpr., Hygrohypnum luridum (Hedw.) Jenn., Mnium marginatum (With.) Brid. ex P. Beauv., Plagiopus oederiana (Sw.) Crum et Anders., Platydictya jungermannioid.es (Brid.) Crum, Ptilium crista-castrensis (Hedw.) De Not., Rhynchostegium riparioides (Hedw.) C. Jens., Sanionia uncinata (Hedw.) Loeske, Timmia megapolitana subsp. bavarica (Hessl.) Brassard. Acknowledgements - I gratefully acknowledge the help of SÁNDOR ORBÁN and TAMÁS PÓCS in confirmation of the identifications and the help of ZSUZSANNA SÁNDOR during the field work. References BOROS, Á. and VAJDA, L. (1974): Bryogeographische Forschungen im Karstgebiet des Bihar-Gebirges. - Acta Bot. Acad Sei. Hung. 20(1-2): CSŰRÖS, I. (1981): A Nyugati-Szigethegység élővilágáról. - Tudományos és Enciklopédiái Könyvkiadó, Bukarest, 303 pp. DÜLL, R. (1983): Distribution of the European and Macaronesian Liverworts (Hepaticophylina). - Bryol. Beitr., Duisburg, 2: DÜLL, R. (1984): Distribution of the European and Macaronesian Mosses (Bryophytina). Part I. - Bryol. Beitr., Duisburg, 4: DÜLL, R. (1985): Distribution of the European and Macaronesian Mosses (Bryophytina). Part II. - Bryol. Beitr., Duisburg, 5:

8 HEDENÄS, L. (1993): Field and microscope keys to the Fennoscandian species of the Calliergon- Scorpidium-Drepanocladus complex, including some related or similar species. - Biodetector AB, Märsta, 79 pp. JAKAB, G. (2000): Adatok a Pádis karsztvidékének mohaflórájához (Bihar-hegység, Románia). - Crisicum 3 (in press). JANSSENS.J. A. (1983): Past and extant distribution of Drepanocladus in North America, with notes on the differentation of fossil fragments. - J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 54: NYÁRÁDY, E. Gy. (1929): A vizek és vízben bővelkedő talajok növényzetéről a Hargitában. - Emlékkönyv a Székely Nemzeti Múzeum 50 Éves Jubileumára, pp POP, C. (1997): Padis. - Chrysopeea Press, Cluj, 35 pp. SMITH, A. J. E. (1978): The moss flora of Britain and Ireland. - Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 706 pp. SMITH, A. J. E. (1990): The liverworts of Britain and Ireland. - Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 362 pp. TOUMIKOSKI, R. and KOPONEN, T. (1979): On the generic taxonomy of Calliergon and Drepanocladus (Musci, Amblystegiaceae). - Ann. Bot. Fenn. 16: (Received: 7 March, 2000)