Label Eco-Efficiency Analysis Astaxanthin
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1 Lael Eco-Efficiency Analysis Astaxanthin Feruary 12 th, 2004 Validated Eco-Efficiency Analysis Methodology Eco-Efficiency 1
2 The Lael An eco-efficiency analysis was performed in order to compare the environmental impacts and the costs from all life-cycle stages of the production and use of astaxanthin for salmon production. In the field of agriculture, astaxanthin, a carotenoid, gives salmon the characteristic pink colour hue. Whereas fish in the wild otain carotenoids transferred y organisms up the food chain, salmon in culture situations depend on the appropriate addition of pigments to the feed. The eco-efficiency analysis showed that the production of astaxanthin y chemical synthesis is clearly more eco-efficient than the fermentation of micro-organisms or the cultivation of algae. Eco-Efficiency 2
3 Requirements Met 1. Accomplished Eco-Efficiency Analysis according to the methodology certified y TÜV Rheinland/ Berlin-Brandenurg, Germany. 2. Verification of Astaxanthin to e more eco-efficient than other alternatives for feeding salmon in aquatic cultures. 3. Third party evaluation y DI C.-O. Gensch, Öko-Institut e. V., Freiurg (Germany) (so-called Critical Review according ISO ff.). 4. Pulication of the results via internet on wesite which is referred to on the lael. 5. Payment of the licence fee for the duration of three years. Eco-Efficiency 3
4 Certificate Eco-Efficiency 4
5 food Ecostudy of Lucantin Pink for Salmon Production Eco-Efficiency 5
6 Ojectives and Planned Use of the Study Ojective of the study An eco-efficiency analysis was performed in order to compare the environmental impacts and the costs from all life-cycle stages of the production and use of astaxanthin for salmon production. Use of the study Internal strategy finding Identifying of weaknesses and strengths Marketing Target groups of the study BASF Research Decision-maker BASF Customers Pulic Eco-Efficiency 6
7 Alternative Systems for the Production of Astaxanthin 1. Customer Benefit 2. BASF Product 3. Comparale Products Production of 1 t of salmon with Astaxanthin enriched diets Astaxanthin, chemically synthesized (Lucantin Pink) Astaxanthin, iotechnologically produced with yeasts / fermentation Astaxanthin produced with algae in ponds Eco-Efficiency 7
8 Definition of the Lucantin Pink Production (10% Astaxanthin) Box I:Production Box III: Disposal α- Isophoron β- Isophoron Vinylutinol C 6 -Acetal Production of Additives Electricity, Steam Lucantin Pink For all chemical processes Landfill Oxo- Isophoron Astaxanthin Product cleaning and packaging Waste water Box II: Usage C 9 -Acetal C 15 -Acetal C 15 -Salt Feed production Exhaust air The presteps of each chemical production step, including the according needs for energy, transport, emissions etc. are included into calculations. Same is valid for surface used. => not considered Eco-Efficiency 8
9 Definition of the Fermentative Production of Astaxanthin (0.7% Astaxanthin) Box I: Production Box III: Disposal Production of Sugar Supply of Electricity, Steam Fermentation, Preparation Production of Yeast Extracts Production of Phosphates Production of Magnesium sulfate Supply of Water Transport Product cleaning and packaging Box II: Usage Landfill Waste water Production of Ammonia Feed Production Exhaust air The presteps of each chemical production step, including the according needs for energy, transport, emissions etc. are included into calculations. Same is valid for surface used. => not considered Eco-Efficiency 9
10 Definition of the Production of Astaxanthin with Algae (2.7% Astaxanthin) Box I:Production Box III: Disposal Production of Magnesium sulfate Supply of Electricity, Steam Growth, harvest and preparation of algae Production of Sodium dicaronate Production of Sodium Acetate Supply of Water Product cleaning and packaging Waste Water Box II: Usage Production of Potassium nitrate Transport Feed production The presteps of each chemical production step, including the according needs for energy, transport, emissions etc. are included into calculations. Same is valid for surface used. => not considered Eco-Efficiency 10
11 Eco-Efficiency Portfolio (sales product have the same price per unit of active ingredient) Ecological Valuation High Eco- Efficiency Lucantin Pink Algae Fermentation 1.0 Low Eco-Efficiency Price of Astaxanthin Eco-Efficiency 11
12 Interpretation of the Eco-Efficiency Portfolio Astaxanthin via chemical process is the most eco-efficient alternative for the production of salmon (the distance from the diagonal is a measure for the eco-efficiency). The high environmental performance of the chemical production of astaxanthin is due mainly to the high energy consumption of the other alternatives. From a customer s point of view, all alternatives are economically equal. The costs for the customer are aout the same (market prices were used for the calculation). There are no additional costs to e calculated from a customer s point of view. Eco-Efficiency 12
13 Ecological Fingerprint Eco-Efficiency 13
14 Ecological Fingerprint after BASF - Base Case (per Tonne of Salmon) Lucantin Pink Fermentation Algae Energy use 1,00 0,80 1,0 = worst position, relatively etter position <1 Land use 0,60 0,40 0,20 0,00 Emissions Risk potential Raw material use Toxicity potential Eco-Efficiency 14
15 Energy Use of Alternatives (per Tonne of Salmon) 1,00 Energy use, standardized 0,80 0,60 0,40 0,20 0,00 1,00 0,75 0,16 Lucantin Pink Fermentation Algae Eco-Efficiency 15
16 Effects of Air-Emission 1 (per Tonne of Gloal Warming Potential (per Tonne of Salmon) Summer Smog (POCP= Photochemical Ozone Creation Potential) 180 0,12 CO 2 -equivalents [kg/tonne salmon] Lucantin Pink Fermentation Algae Ethylene-equivalents [kg/tonne salmon] 0,10 0,08 0,06 0,04 0,02 0,00 Lucantin Pink Fermentation Algae CO2 CH4 halogenized NM-Voc* N20 CH4 NM-VOC** * halogenized Non Methane Volatile organic compound ** Non Methane Volatile Organic Compound Eco-Efficiency 16
![Ethylene-equivalents [kg/tonne salmon] 0,10 0,08 0,06 0,04 0,02 0,00 Lucantin Pink Fermentation Algae CO2 CH4 halogenized](/docs-images/46/21814452/images/page_16.jpg "NM-Voc* N20 CH4 NM-VOC** * halogenized Non Methane Volatile organic compound ** Non Methane Volatile Organic Compound")
17 Consumption of Raw Materials (per Tonne of Salmon) 1200 Sand Raw material use [kg/a*tonne Salmon] Bauxite Limestone Iron Phosphorus Sulphur NaCl Brow n coal Gas Oil Lucantin Pink Fermentation Algae Coal Eco-Efficiency 17
18 Water Emissions Impact Potential of Water Emissions I Impact Potential of Water Emissions II crit. Volume [ml/tonne Salmon] Chemistry BASF Fermentation Al g ae COD, Chemical Oxygen Demand BOD, Biological Oxygen Demand Eco-Efficiency 18 crit. Volume [ml/tonne Salmon] N-total Chemistry BASF Hydrocarons Heavy Metals Fermentation NH4+ SO4-- PO4--- Al g ae AOX Cl-
19 Toxicity Potential 1400 Toxicity Potential of Production Toxicity Potential [val. points/tonne salmon] Chemistry, BASF Fermentation Algae Like for all environmental categories, the toxicity potential was calculated including the prechains. Astaxanthin Glucose Yeast Magnesium sulfate Sodium icaronate Phosphate fertilizer Magnesium sulfate Ammonia Potassium nitrate Sodium acetate Eco-Efficiency 19
20 Risk Potential [val. points/tonne salmon] Risk Potential Production Phase Chemistry, Fermentation Algae BASF Storage Transportation Formulation of the Product Additional Reconditioning Other Production Processes Agricultural Processes Chemical Processes Eco-Efficiency 20 Risk Potential [val. points/tonne salmon] Chemistry, BASF Fermentation Algae Feasiility to keep Process under Control Storage Transportation Use Phase Formulation of the Product
21 Conclusion/ Perspective Strength holistic approach includes all aspects of value chain integrates various types of data Weakness only valid for specific process under examination still fairly complex data sets from internal and external sources Perspective asis for discussion with consumer groups may e applicale for the salmon production as a whole confirms superiority of chemical process at this moment in time Eco-Efficiency 21
22 Critical Review BASF s eco-efficiency was carefully examined and evaluated y independent experts of the Öko-Institut e. V. in Freiurg, Germany. Öko-Institut (Institute for Applied Ecology), a registered well-known non-profit association, was founded in The ojectives of the institute are to analyse and evaluate current and future environmental prolems, to point out risks, and to develop and implement prolem-solving strategies and measures. Extract from the summary of the report:...this expert s opinion concerns an eco-efficiency analysis carried out y BASF AG, in which three variants of astaxanthin production (chemical synthesis, iotechnology using yeasts/ fermenters, and production from algae/ ponds) are compared. The purpose of this expert s opinion commissioned y BASF is to ensure that the methodology of the ecoefficiency analysis is consistent and that the data used are suitale and expedient as regards the ojective. Öko-Institut e. V. comes to the conclusion that the eco-efficiency analysis presented was conducted with a consistent methodology and that the data are applied expedient with regard to the ojective and the framework examined in the study. The presentation of the results is largely clear and plausile... Authors: Dipl.-Ing. Carl-Otto Gensch (Project Leader), Dipl.-Ing. (FH) Kathrin Graulich, Dr. Jennifer Teufel (all Öko-Institut e. V., Geschäftsstelle Freiurg, Freiurg, Germany). Eco-Efficiency 22
23 Contact For more information aout Lucantin Pink (astaxanthin) please contact: Dr. Remi Baker BASF Aktiengesellschaft MEM/AA For more information aout the eco-efficiency analysis please contact: Dr. Peter Saling BASF Aktiengesellschaft GUP/CE Eco-Efficiency 23
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