Producer Responsibility. for packaging. in the Netherlands
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1 Producer Responsibility for packaging in the Netherlands Paul Christiaens Secretary to the Board International Seminar on Solid Waste Management Sao Paolo, April 10 th, 2012
2 Content 1. Legal Framework 2. Business model 3. Case study: plastic packaging collection 4. Evaluation of the current system 5. Designing a new system 2 Economic Delegation Brazil April 10, 2012
3 1 HISTORY of the legal framework in the NL Municipalities Packers / Fillers Ministry 3 Economic Delegation Brazil April 10, 2012 Co-operation in covenants
4 Polder Model Introduced in 1982 Consensus decision-making Advantage: wide acceptance In this case: - Environment Ministry - Municipalities - Packers/fillers 4 Economic Delegation Brazil April 10, 2012
5 Country specific conditions Municipal responsibility for waste Early adoption of separate collection High incineration capacity, (almost) no landfilling Deposit system for glass (beer) and large PET-bottles (1 litre and more) Ministry: belief in co-operation instead of laws Covenants for Packaging ( ) 5 Economic Delegation Brazil April 10, 2012
6 The results up to % Development of packaging recycling in the Netherlands 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Paper/cardboard Glass Plastics Metals Wood Total 6 Economic Delegation Brazil April 10, 2012
7 Negotiations and legal agreements 1994 Packaging Directive 2006 Waste Frame Directive 2006 Packaging Decree 1979 Environment Act 2008 Green Taxation Act Responsibility for packaging collection Packers and Fillers Shared responsibility Municipalities 7 Economic Delegation Brazil April 10, Packaging agreement Environment Ministry Municipalities Packers / Fillers
8 The Packaging Agreement Producer responsibility for recycling of packaging Municipalities collect packaging waste One packaging recovery organization Higher targets for plastic packaging recycling and overall recycling Renegotiation of deposit on plastic packaging if recycling target for plastic packaging is met 8 Economic Delegation Brazil April 10, 2012
9 Municipalities Collection of waste from their inhabitants Tidiness of the public space (street sweeping, collecting litter)
10 Packers/Fillers (Industry) Prevention Eco-design of packaging Collection and recycling of packaging waste
11 Cooperation Municipalities Collection of all B2C packaging waste Industry Remuneration to municipalities Recycling of B2C packaging waste Collection/recycling of B2B packaging waste
12 The Challenge 100% Recycling targets vs. recycling results 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Recycling target (2012) Recycling result (2006) 12 Economic Delegation Brazil April 10, 2012
13 2 Business case NEDVANG NEDerland Van Afval Naar Grondstof (Netherlands from Waste to Resources) How to invest in the production of resources? 13 Economic Delegation Brazil April 10, 2012
14 Nedvang - Foundation - On behalf of food industry (e.g. Unilever, Heineken), retailers (e.g. Ahold), non-food industry (e.g. Philips) - Mission: maximum recycling with lowest possible social costs - Core business: prevention, management of recycling of packaging waste - 22 FTE - Member of PRO Europe (European ERP organization) 14 Economic Delegation Brazil April 11, 2012
15 Financing model 250 Million National Treasury 115 Million Waste Fund Tax Authority Packaging on the market 365 Million Packers / Fillers Mandate Prevention 15 Economic Delegation Brazil April 10, 2012
16 Collection and recycling model 115 Million Waste Fund Municipalities Collection Declaration proposals (for municipalities) Advice and benchmarks Collection Knowldedge center Checks and balances Certification Collection and recycling Waste Management Companies Collection and recycling 16 Economic Delegation Brazil April 10, 2012
17 Key packaging figures K tons Packaging on the market and recycled (2010) K tons K tons ,7 million inhabitants 800 K tons 600 K tons 400 K tons K tons K tons 17 Economic Delegation Brazil April 10, 2012
18 The current system - prevention Support to producers with prevention and design for recycling Award winning design 2011: paint in the box 45% less plastic, 35% less transport, easily recyclable 18 Economic Delegation Brazil April 10, 2012
19 Municipalities report online
20 Nedvang checks and approves, Waste Fund remunerates municipalities Remuneration rules Remuneration once per quarter (3 months) upon receival and approval of all monthly reports. Remuneration is provisional. Final remuneration in the next year Nedvang approves reports and sends remuneration letters to the Waste Fund. Remuneration letters are downloadable for the municipalities.
21 Information analysis and benchmarking
22 Knowledge sharing Segmentation Benchmarking Advisory Awards
23 The current system - monitoring Monitoring and accounting for recycling (municipal and B2B packaging waste) 419 municipality reports, 90 audits per year Packaging waste certification guideline for waste management companies Reporting to the government Documented procedures Online reporting 23 Economic Delegation Brazil April 10, 2012
24 The current system communication Magazines / company report Recycling newspapers Advertisements Commercials Municipal communication support Education materials Games TV shows (especially for children)
25 3 Case study Plastic Heroes The challenge From 24% recycling in 2006 to 42% recycling in 2012 An increase of 75% in 6 years Plastic packaging recycling from businesses and industry is already developed 25 Economic Delegation Brazil April 10, 2012
26 Essentials of the Dutch approach Separate collection of all plastic packaging, to meet the target of 42% Experiment with post separation from MSW (7,5% of households) Legal obligation for municipalities to participate before January 2010 Large campaign (TV, newspapers, magazines, bus stops, motorway commercials, municipal communication) Sorting instructions and close cooperation 26 Economic Delegation Brazil April 10, 2012
27 Sorting instructions 27 Economic Delegation Brazil April 10, 2012
28 Awareness Teaser campaign Prime time radio/tv commercials Advertisements in newspapers/magazines Communication via municipalities Online games TV shows Education for children 28 Economic Delegation Brazil April 11, 2012
29 2009: change management April 2009 December Economic Delegation Brazil April 10, 2012
30 jan-09 feb-09 mrt-09 apr-09 mei-09 jun-09 jul-09 aug-09 sep-09 okt-09 nov-09 dec-09 jan-10 feb-10 mrt-10 apr-10 mei-10 jun-10 jul-10 aug-10 sep-10 okt-10 nov-10 dec-10 jan-11 feb-11 mrt-11 apr-11 mei-11 jun-11 jul-11 aug-11 sep-11 okt-11 nov-11 dec-11 jan-12 Up and running in 2011 From 3% country coverage (2007) to 96% coverage (2011) Separate collection, post separation and sorting in 2009 (tonnes) in 2010 (tonnes) in 2011 (tonnes) ESTIMATE kton 9 kton 8 kton 7 kton 6 kton 5 kton 4 kton 3 kton 2 kton 1 kton 0 kton Collection of plastic packaging waste in the Netherlands 30 Economic Delegation Brazil April 10,
31 Differences in collection Separate collection of plastic packaging waste in kg/household/year 24,13 24,81 20 kg/household/year 15 kg/household/year 14,55 12,61 16,32 10 kg/household/year 5 kg/household/year 2,53 0 kg/household/year Total Largest cities Large cities Cities Large vilages Small villages 31 Economic Delegation Brazil April 10, 2012
32 High quality sorting and recycling Automated sorting with a minimum of hand picking 5 sorting plants contracted, 1 in NL Large pool of plastic converters (100% EU based) Reuse of secondary materials: PET, PP, PE: packaging and high end products Mixed plastics: both high end and low end products 32 Economic Delegation Brazil April 10, 2012
33 OK Krimpen, 16 februari 2012
34 Composition of Dutch plastic packaging waste (from separate collection) Results for % 58% 1% 76% 22% Kunststofmix Mixed plastics Folies Films PP PP PE PE PET Materiaalhergebruik Plastic packaging (recycling) kunststof Materiaalhergebruik Metal and paper packaging metaal-papier (recycling) Nuttige Plastic toepassing and other packaging (recovery) tons 5% 7% 7% Hergebruik Composition kunststofverpakkingen the recycled plastics uit from separate bronscheiding collection 34 Economic Delegation Brazil April 10, 2012
35 Results 50% Plastic packaging recycling after the introduction of separate household collection 45% 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% Economic Delegation Brazil April 10, 2012
36 Consumer panel is very positive Business Monitor, november ,000 persons in areas with separate collection What is your opinion of the separate collection of plastic packaging waste? Very Zeer negative negatief negative Negatief Neutraal neutral nov-11 jan-11 positive Positief Very Zeer positief positive 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 36 Economic Delegation Brazil April 10, 2012
37 Consumer panel is very positive (2) Do you collect plastic packaging waste separately? 75% 80% 66% 70% 60% 44% 50% 40% 30% 25% jan-11 nov-11 20% 10% 0% Ja Yes Nee No 37 Economic Delegation Brazil April 10, 2012
38 4 Evaluation of the current system Still options to improve? 38 Economic Delegation Brazil April 10, 2012
39 Results 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% Development of packaging recycling in the Netherlands 0% Paper/cardboard Glass Plastics Metals Wood Total All targets, set for 2012, are achieved in 2010 already Costs: one of the most cost efficient systems in EU 39 Economic Delegation Brazil April 10, 2012
40 Denmark Belgium Netherlands Germany Czech Republic Austria Ireland Italy United Kingdom Luxembourg Greece Portugal Slovakia Sweden Lithuania Estonia France Finland Norway Hungary Slovenia Bulgaria Latvia Cyprus Romania Poland European benchmark (2009) 90 Packaging recycling in the European Union in Recycling Average in Rank % the EU Total 3 75% 62% Glass 4 91% 68% Paper/board 1 95% 83% Plastics 6 38% 32% Metals 4 87% 69% Wood 11 38% 38% 40 Economic Delegation Brazil April 10, 2012
41 The environment wins Recycling of all plastic packaging contributes to > 75% production of secondary resources (partly closed loop) CO 2 -emissions reduction with 0,84 kg CO 2 -eq per kg collected, compared to the present Waste to Energy practice in the NL Options for improvement energy efficiency: transport, sorting and especially recycling net costs of the overall process 41 Economic Delegation Brazil April 10, 2012
42 Conclusions and developments All recycling targets met in 2010 System with one PRO works well Infrastucture for municipal (plastics) collection with 96% coverage Government decision to stop the packaging tax by 2013 Return to direct financing by packers/fillers from 2013, end of packaging tax Prevention is innovation; a challenge for each company! Official advisory body of the government: continuation of the current producer responsibility system Negotiations about the discontinuation of the mandatory deposit system Time for the next level! 42 Economic Delegation Brazil April 10, 2012
43 5 Designing a new system for Technology? Reversed collection: pay for your non resources? Strategy? Next step towards a resource efficient society? 43 Economic Delegation Brazil April 10, 2012
44 Minister presents negotiation outcome 1. Sustainability agenda and institute to determine targets for Targets for Plastics and Wood up to resp. 52% and 45% (2017, at last in 2022) 3. Municipalities free to choose means of recycling for plastics separate collection remains the (EU) standard post separation from MSW allowed if criteria are met (qual., quant., costs) 4. End of the obligation for a deposit system for large PET-bottles collection structure remains at least until 2014 or 2015 compensation of additional costs for municipalities targets for reuse of PET (23/28% for small/large bottles) 44 Economic Delegation Brazil April 10, 2012
45 Challenges for the future How close to the optimum are we? achievement (74% in 2010) target (77% in 2017) optimum (80%) not recyclable Focus: 3% 3% 20% Reduction (of materials) Reuse (of secondary materials) Renew (product and packaging seen as a combination) 74% 45 Economic Delegation Brazil April 10, 2012
46 Thank you for your attention! Nedvang Schorpioenstraat 290, 4th floor 3067 KW Rotterdam The Netherlands 46 Economic Delegation Brazil April 10, 2012
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