Photobioreactors vs. Ponds for Microalgae Biomass Production

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Photobioreactors vs. Ponds for Microalgae Biomass Production"

Transcription

1 World AQUACULTURE SOCIETY ANNUAL MEETING World Aquaculture 2010, San Diego, CA, March 3 Photobioreactors vs. Ponds for Microalgae Biomass Production John R. Benemann Benemann Associates Walnut Creek jbenemann@aol.com

2 SUMMARY Microalgae are being proposed to be cultivated for commodities (biofuels, animal feeds) using enclosed photobioreactors (PBRs) or open ponds. PBRs can be of a large variety of designs: transparent tubes, plates, bags, etc. of various materials, dimensions, configurations (horizontal, hanging, floating, submerged, using sunlight or artificial lights, etc. Lots of I.P.!! PBRs are used in the aquaculture industry for small-scale feed production. Ponds are usually of the raceway, mixed (typically paddle wheels) type. At present essentially all (>99%) of the ~10,000 tons of microalgae biomass produced commercially worldwide for high value nutritional products uses open, mostly paddle wheel mixed, raceway-type ponds. (Aquaculture microalgae feed production is only a few hundred tons world wide). I discuss the advantages and limitations of both ponds and PBRs, and the experiences with both, in light of the need to scale-up algae biomass production for the aquaculture industry to overcome rising feed costs. I start with a review of the history of microalgae biomass production.

3

4 Inoculum Tubes First algal mass culture project (for Chlorella) Plastic bag-type photobioreactors (PBRs) Roof of MIT Building~ 1950

5 40 hectare design based on MIT Rooftop pilot plant Fisher (1956), A.D. Little Co.: engineering design-cost estimate for 40 ha PBR system: 2009$>2,000,000/ha (plastic tubes ~5% of total) A rather detailed study!

6 History repeating itself: GreenFuel Technologies Roof of MIT at Campus power plant. Claimed that their PBRs captured 85% NOx & 50% CO2, and produced biodiesel at >250,000 l/ha-yr (!!!). Then tested at Arizona Public Services power plant (photoshop!), tests failed... Now are history (went broke May 2009, after $70 million).

7 Prof. W.J. Oswald pioneer of high rate ponds for algae wastewater treatment and biomass production (paddle wheel mixed pilot-scale ponds at UC Berkeley Engineering Lab 1977)

8 ASP Conception of microalgae biodiesel production Aquatic Species Program, U.S. DOE NREL Note raceway growth and settling-harvesting ponds

9 Aquatic Species Program Report Executive Summary J. Sheehan (NREL) et al. Part 1. Algal Cultures and Genetics (P. Roessler and T. Dunahay, consultants) Paul Roessler (now at Synthetic Genomics) Part 2. Algal Mass Cultures and Production Technology (J. Benemann, Principal Investigator, and J. Weissman, consultant). Report only summarizes extensive work by the ASP

10 ASP MICROALGAE R&D of PONDS: ROSWELL, NEW MEXICO Joseph Weissman., P.I., Microbial Products, Inc two 0.25 acre ponds, one lined and one unlined Demonstrated key engineering and biological parameters in algal mass cultures, such as gas transfer, mixing, effect of liners, productivity, culture stability, strain seletion, etc.

11

12 WHAT IS THE BALANCE OF PROS AND CONS? Depends on what we are trying to do: for large-scale, low cost production, only can use ponds. Aquaculture needs large-scale low cost algae production; for that PBRs not feasible. ALSO: advantages of PBRs are mostly illusionary, not real! Best way is to learn from reality: commercial production experience. PBRs have: Arguments for PBRs vs. Ponds 1. Higher algae concentration / easier harvesting 2. No or little invasions by algae weeds, grazers; 3. Higher total biomass productivities (g/m2-day) 4. Better process control (T, CO2, O2, etc.). 5. Little or no evaporative water losses 6. More efficient use of CO2, nutrients etc. Ponds have: 1. Larger unit scales (hectares vs. <100 m2) 2. Lower capital ( times lower) costs 3. Lower operating costs and energy consumption 4. Self-cooling (allows evaporative cooling) 5. Pond gas exchanger (reduces O2 level)

13 Microalgae produced commercially today

14 1 st Commercial Algae Production 1960s: Chlorella In Japan, using circular ponds (these do not scale)

15 Perspective of microalgae production Earthrise Nutritionals LLC., S. California

16 Dunaliella salina, NBT Israel (Ami BenAmotz] CO2

17 Microalgae Products: >95% nutraceuticals, total world production ~10,000 tons (~1% PBRs)

18 Cyanotech Co. Open, raceway ponds, algae plant in Hawaii. Red ponds for Haematococcus pluvialis for astaxanthin. others Spirulina NOTE red ponds source of oil used in flight by Continental

19 EXAMPLE OF A COMMERCIAL PBR (only a few): Photobioreactors in Israel (>300 km tubes!) for a very high value product (astaxanthin >$100/kg biomass, Haematococcus pluvialis).... failed, closed, reopened, now going to ponds!

20 BPS GmbH (Germany) Aquasearch, Inc. (USA) Fuji, Inc (USA) More examples of commercial photobioreactors Addavita Ltd (UK) F& M S.r.l. (Italy) Biosynthesis co. (UK)

21 PBRs Studied for over 50 years: DO NOT SCALE!

22 Paper in response to many claims that PBRs superior to open ponds. Points out problems of both open ponds and closed PBRs. Main issue for PBRs scalability: unit size <1000 m2. Also PBRs are too expensive for biofuels but good for inoculum (~1% of biomass) production.

23 Open Ponds vs. Closed Photobioreactors Parameter Relative Impact Note Contamination risk Ponds > PBRs Just a matter of time for either Productivity Ponds ~ PBRs NO substantial difference* Space required Ponds ~ PBRs A matter of productivity Water losses Ponds ~ PBRs Evaporative cooling needed CO2 losses Ponds ~ PBRs Depends on ph, alkalinity, etc. O2 Inhibition Ponds < PBRs O2 major problem in PBRs Process Control Ponds ~ PBRs no major differences (weather) Biomass Concentration Ponds < PBRs function of depth, 2-10 fold Capital/Operating Costs Ponds << PBRs Ponds >>10 x lower cost! *Productivity can be higher if PBRs are in vertical orientation or in cold conditions where the heat retained allows faster growth of the algae. CONCLUSION: Are PBRs better than ponds? Sometimes: in cold climate, not in hot. Advantages overstated. Key issue is COST

24 CONCLUSION: Open ponds only option for algal biofuels production. Key Question: how large can we make them? Paddle wheel Design specs: cm deep cm/sec mix Dilute 20-40%/d ph range

25 Paddle wheels for mixing high rate ponds. Mixing at below 30 cm/sec minimizes energy use

26

27 E.ON at Power Plant, Hamburg, Germany October 2008 J.R. Benemann, October 24, 2008, Algae Biomass Summit

28 Novagreen System, Germany, used by RWE in project to capture CO2 from power plant flue gas (will need a billion of such bags?)

29 Solix Pilot Plant, Colorado (Summer 2009)

30 NOTE: NOT CO2 SEQUESTRATION (no different than any other biofuels) CAR CO2 Biodiesel Algae CO2 Israel Electric Power Company Ami BenAmotz coal

31 Prior techno-economic analyses for open pond microalgae biofuel production (most now available at Benemann, J.R. P. Pursoff, & W.J. Oswald, Engineering Design and Cost Analysis of a Large-Scale Microalgae Biomass System, Final Report US DOE. NTIS #H CP/T UC-61. Benemann, J.R., R.P. Goebel, J.C. Weissman, & D.C. Augenstein Microalgae as a source of liquid fuels. Final Report U.S.DOE BER Weissman, J.C., & R.P. Goebel, Design and analysis of microalgal open pond systems for the purpose of producing fuels Report to US DOE- SERI (for the Aquatic Species Program) Benemann, J.R. & W.J., Oswald 1996, Systems and economic analysis of microalgae ponds for conversion of CO2 to biomass. Report to US DOE-NETL (National Technology Energy Laboratory) Caution: These reports lack in design and cost details and made many very favorable assumptions about process. Conclusion: it may not be impossible to produce algae biofuels (but it may be a little easier to produce commodity feeds)

32 THE POTENTIAL AND PROMISE OF ALGAE BIOMASS current crops, future algae biomass industry U.S. Avg. Yield Protein 1,000s Ha Total Protein CROP Mg/ha-yr Mg/ha-yr Harvested 1,000 Mg/yr CORN GRAIN ,400 23,100 SOYBEAN ,400 28,800 ALGAE ,000 50,000 CONCLUSION: YES, WE CAN.., AT LEAST WE CAN TRY We must try to achieve, at least come as close as we can, to this transformative vision of very high algae productivity!

33 Each species, even each strain has its own story 11 Division, 29 classes vs. 2/12 vascular plants described species (< 10% of estimated)

34 ROTIFERS ( JUST ONE TYPE OF ALGAE GRAZER] Must manage ponds for algal species & culture stability

35 Example of why we need GMA Attempts to find mutants with small antenna size for high productivity resulted in mutants that had desired low pigment level-small antenna size, Abut were slow growing/low productivity WILL NEED GMA technology! WT CM1 CM2 CM1-1 CM3 CM7

36 ALGAL BIOMASS ORGANIZATION 1 st Summit San Francisco Nov nd Summit Seattle, Oct rd Summit San Diego, October th Annual Algae Biomass Summit September 2010, Phoenix, AZ Join Now!

37 ANY QUESTIONS?

Opportunities & Challenges in Algae Biofuels Production 2008 Dr. John R. Benemann. All rights reserved.

Opportunities & Challenges in Algae Biofuels Production 2008 Dr. John R. Benemann. All rights reserved. OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES IN ALGAE BIOFUELS PRODUCTION A Position Paper by Dr. John R. Benemann in line with Algae World 2008 For more information on ALGAE WORLD 2008 please visit www.futureenergyevents.com/algae/

More information

The economics of micro-algae production

The economics of micro-algae production The economics of micro-algae production and processing into biofuel December 2006 Thomas Schulz Research Economist Farming Systems, Department of Agriculture Western Australia Key Message The Research

More information

Biodiesel From Microalgae

Biodiesel From Microalgae Biodiesel From Microalgae Lipid synthesis in microalgal cultures Shuo Yao Jingquan Lu Anders Brandt Claes Gjermansen Klaus Breddam Oil yield l/ha/year Soybean 400 Sunflower 1000 Jathropha 2000 Oil Palm

More information

Biofuels from Microalgae: The Promise and Challenge of Algae as a Renewable Source of Biofuels

Biofuels from Microalgae: The Promise and Challenge of Algae as a Renewable Source of Biofuels Biofuels from Microalgae: The Promise and Challenge of Algae as a Renewable Source of Biofuels Mike Hightower 1 and Ron Pate 2 1 Sandia National Laboratories, Energy Systems Analysis 2 Sandia National

More information

GCEP Energy Workshop

GCEP Energy Workshop GCEP Energy Workshop April 27, 2004, Alumni Center, Stanford University Biomass Energy Photosynthesis, Algae, CO 2 and Bio-Hydrogen John R. Benemann Institute for Environmental Management, Inc. (Not for

More information

Microalgae Production of Biodiesel

Microalgae Production of Biodiesel Microalgae Production of Biodiesel Ihab H. Farag, Sc.D., P.E. Chemical Engineering Dept University of New Hampshire Durham, NH 03824-3591, USA Phone: 1-603-862-2313, 2313 fax: 1-603-862-3747 email:ihab.farag@unh.edu

More information

Open-Raceway Algal Production Operations

Open-Raceway Algal Production Operations Open-Raceway Algal Production Operations Dave Hazlebeck September 2014 The views expressed are those of the author(s) and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense or

More information

Microalgae Grown in Photobioreactors for Mass Production of Biofuel Need for Sustainable Energy The Price of Energy is Going UP Oil reserves are depleting World demand for energy is increasing Economic

More information

Photosynthetic Efficiency and Biomass Productivity of Microalgae Mass Cultures

Photosynthetic Efficiency and Biomass Productivity of Microalgae Mass Cultures ALGAE BIOMASS SUMMIT San Diego, CA, 29 Sept. 2 Oct Photosynthetic Efficiency and Biomass Productivity of Microalgae Mass Cultures John Benemann MicroBio Engineering, Inc. (MBE) San Luis Obispo, California,

More information

From Biomass. NREL Leads the Way. to Biofuels

From Biomass. NREL Leads the Way. to Biofuels From Biomass NREL Leads the Way to Biofuels The Wide World of Biofuels Fuel Source Benefits Maturity Grain/Sugar Ethanol Biodiesel Corn, sorghum, and sugarcane Vegetable oils, fats, and greases Produces

More information

An Outdoor Test Facility for the Large-Scale Production of Microalgae

An Outdoor Test Facility for the Large-Scale Production of Microalgae SERI/TP-231-3325 UC Category: 244 DE88001146 An Outdoor Test Facility for the Large-Scale Production of Microalgae Donna A. Johnson Joseph Weissman Raymond. Goebel March 1988 Presented at the Institute

More information

ALLGAS Large scale algae cultures for biofuel production

ALLGAS Large scale algae cultures for biofuel production ALLGAS Large scale algae cultures for biofuel production H. Frühwirth, E. Kirl, R. Raudner, E. Ahn, F. Rogalla, M. Siebenhofer Symposium Energieinnovationen TU Graz 16.02.2012, Graz www.bdi-bioenergy.com

More information

AGRICULTURE FOR FOOD AND FOR BIOENEGY: IS IT POSSIBLE?

AGRICULTURE FOR FOOD AND FOR BIOENEGY: IS IT POSSIBLE? GLOBAL SUSTAINABLE BIOENERGY PROJECT AGRICULTURE FOR FOOD AND FOR BIOENEGY: IS IT POSSIBLE? Dr. Rodolfo Quintero-Ramírez March 24 th, 2010 Sao Paulo, Brazil ? FOOD ANIMAL FEED AGRICULTURE BIOENERGY BIOPRODUCTS

More information

Masdar Institute. Masdar Institute of Science and Technology Masdar City, Abu Dhabi

Masdar Institute. Masdar Institute of Science and Technology Masdar City, Abu Dhabi Masdar Institute Masdar Institute of Science and Technology Masdar City, Abu Dhabi MISSION AND VISION Vision To be a world-class graduate-level institution, seamlessly integrating research and education

More information

Biodiesel: Algae as a Renewable Source for Liquid Fuel

Biodiesel: Algae as a Renewable Source for Liquid Fuel Biodiesel: Algae as a Renewable Source for Liquid Fuel Matthew N Campbell Guelph University, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada The world is facing declining liquid fuel reserves at a time when energy demand

More information

Algae Industry Project Book 2015

Algae Industry Project Book 2015 Algae Biomass Organization www.algaebiomass.org 877.531.5512 Algae Industry Project Book 2015 Why Algae? Algae have the power to simultaneously put fuels in our vehicles, recycle CO2, provide nutrition

More information

Current Status and Potential for Algal Biofuels Production

Current Status and Potential for Algal Biofuels Production Report T39-T2 6 August 2010 Current Status and Potential for Algal Biofuels Production A REPORT TO IEA BIOENEGY TASK 39 AUTHORS: Al Darzins (NREL) Philip Pienkos (NREL) Les Edye (BioIndustry Partners)

More information

DOE Office of Biological & Environmental Research: Biofuels Strategic Plan

DOE Office of Biological & Environmental Research: Biofuels Strategic Plan DOE Office of Biological & Environmental Research: Biofuels Strategic Plan I. Current Situation The vast majority of liquid transportation fuel used in the United States is derived from fossil fuels. In

More information

Algae Industry Project Book 2013

Algae Industry Project Book 2013 Algae Biomass Organization www.algaebiomass.org 507-765-2134 Algae Industry Project Book 2013 Why Algae? Algae are a renewable source of drop in fuels, feed, fertilzer, nutritional oils and pharmaceuticals.

More information

Remake farming for modern cities

Remake farming for modern cities Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Scalable Sustainable affordable Breakthrough technologies to Remake farming for modern cities LBNL in partnership with ITT Institute for Globally Transformative Technologies

More information

Study seminar. Dirdal, May 2013

Study seminar. Dirdal, May 2013 Study seminar Dirdal, May 2013 We have reduced marine ingredients by half in 7 years Average Inclusion in EWOS AS Feeds 70% Fishmeal Fishoil 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

More information

Consider How can you collect solar energy for use in your school? What are other alternatives?

Consider How can you collect solar energy for use in your school? What are other alternatives? 5 a 5 Energy Sources a - Energy from the sun Purpose To explore sourcing our energy from the sun Key concepts Solar energy is a natural and renewable resource Heat energy from the sun can be used to heat

More information

Fuel From Seaweed Project supported by the INTERREG IVA Programme managed by SEUPB

Fuel From Seaweed Project supported by the INTERREG IVA Programme managed by SEUPB Fuel From Seaweed Project supported by the INTERREG IVA Programme managed by SEUPB Michele Stanley Coordination Centre SAMS, Dunstaffnage Marine Laboratory, Argyll, Scotland T: 01631559000 F: 01631559001

More information

Rainwater Harvesting

Rainwater Harvesting Rainwater Harvesting With climate change now a reality rather than a speculated possibility, the demand on water resources has gone up, whilst the amount of water available for supply has gone down. Forth

More information

Energy Offices Meeting

Energy Offices Meeting NASEO 2014 Mid Atlantic Regional State 25x 25: Progressing Towards the Goal Ernie Shea Project Coordinator May 1, 2014 Valley Forge, PA Energy Offices Meeting 25x 25: A National Alliance Formed through

More information

Papapostolou 1, E. Kondili 1, J.K. Kaldellis 2

Papapostolou 1, E. Kondili 1, J.K. Kaldellis 2 Technological and Environmental Impacts Evaluation of Biomass and Biofuels Supply Chain Papapostolou 1, E. Kondili 1, J.K. Kaldellis 2 1 Optimisation of Production Systems Lab 2 Soft Energy Applications

More information

APES Math Review. For each problem show every step of your work, and indicate the cancellation of all units No Calculators!!

APES Math Review. For each problem show every step of your work, and indicate the cancellation of all units No Calculators!! APES Math Review For each problem show every step of your work, and indicate the cancellation of all units No Calculators!! Scientific Notation All APES students should be able to work comfortably with

More information

DURR Thermal Oxidizer Research. 4/27/2004 Intel Corporation Community Meeting

DURR Thermal Oxidizer Research. 4/27/2004 Intel Corporation Community Meeting DURR Thermal Oxidizer Research History of Research A small group consisting of community members Steve Martinez and Edward Pineda along with Intel employees Peter Clugston, Heath Foott and Bill Westmoreland

More information

VISION FOR SMART ENERGY IN DENMARK Research, Development and Demonstration

VISION FOR SMART ENERGY IN DENMARK Research, Development and Demonstration VISION FOR SMART ENERGY IN DENMARK Research, Development and Demonstration Smart Energy Networks Research, Development and Demonstration Vision for Smart Energy in Denmark - Research, Development and Demonstration

More information

Generating Heat. Part 1: Breathing Earth. Part 2: The Growth of Carbon Emitters. Introduction: Materials:

Generating Heat. Part 1: Breathing Earth. Part 2: The Growth of Carbon Emitters. Introduction: Materials: Generating Heat Introduction: Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) is the primary greenhouse gas contributing to global climate change. A greenhouse gas is a gas that absorbs the sunlight being reflected back towards

More information

The Economic, Environmental, and Social Benefits of Geothermal Use in Arizona

The Economic, Environmental, and Social Benefits of Geothermal Use in Arizona The Economic, Environmental, and Social Benefits of Geothermal Use in Arizona Andrew Chiasson Geo Heat Center Oregon Institute of Technology March 2011 Geothermal waters in Arizona have been used by many

More information

Algae for Biofuels Economic and Environmental Costs

Algae for Biofuels Economic and Environmental Costs Southern Regional Aquaculture Center SRAC Publication No. 4310 October 2013 PR VI Algae for Biofuels Economic and Environmental Costs Matthew W. Veal 1, Kevin R. Caffrey 1, Mari S. Chinn 1, and Amy M.

More information

Carbon Dioxide Membrane Separation for Carbon Capture using Direct FuelCell Systems

Carbon Dioxide Membrane Separation for Carbon Capture using Direct FuelCell Systems Carbon Dioxide Membrane Separation for Carbon Capture using Direct FuelCell Systems DFC Technology Used as Electrochemical Membrane for CO 2 Purification and Capture during Power Generation FCE s Direct

More information

NAWARO BioEnergie AG: a short introduction into our business for BiG>East: Biogas for Eastern Europe

NAWARO BioEnergie AG: a short introduction into our business for BiG>East: Biogas for Eastern Europe 1 2 NAWARO BioEnergie AG: a short introduction into our business for BiG>East: Biogas for Eastern Europe 3 Nawaro s business model fits the situation in CEE Initial situation in many CEE countries 1 2

More information

New Energy Solutions from Biosciences: Research Activities at the Energy Biosciences Institute

New Energy Solutions from Biosciences: Research Activities at the Energy Biosciences Institute New Energy Solutions from Biosciences: Research Activities at the Energy Biosciences Institute BioRefine Annual Seminar November 2, 2011 Dr. Susan Jenkins, Managing Director The Energy Bioscience Institute

More information

Technological developments for biogas production and use

Technological developments for biogas production and use Technological developments for biogas production and use Prof. Dr.-Ing. Frank Scholwin www.exportinitiative.bmwi.de Activities of the Institute for Biogas, Waste Management & Energy Scientific Consulting

More information

Station #1 Interpreting Infographs

Station #1 Interpreting Infographs Energy Resources Stations Activity Page # 1 Station #1 Interpreting Infographs 1. Identify and explain each of the energy sources (5) illustrated in the infograph. 2. What do the white and black circles

More information

ABENGOA ABENGOA SOLAR

ABENGOA ABENGOA SOLAR ABENGOA ABENGOA SOLAR Informational dossier 2015 www.abengoasolar.com Abengoa Abengoa (MCE: ABG.B/P SM /NASDAQ: ABGB) applies innovative technology solutions for sustainability in the energy and environment

More information

Alternative Energy Resources

Alternative Energy Resources Alternative Energy Resources Energy Resource Advantages Disadvantages What are some renewable energy resources? A nonrenewable resource cannot be replaced in a reasonable amount of time. Fossil fuels such

More information

Importance of forestry reserves to the regulation of water quality and microalgae structure of temporary ponds in Burkina Faso (West Africa)

Importance of forestry reserves to the regulation of water quality and microalgae structure of temporary ponds in Burkina Faso (West Africa) Importance of forestry reserves to the regulation of water quality and microalgae structure of temporary ponds in Burkina Faso (West Africa) Bilassé ZONGO, Frédéric ZONGO and Joseph I. BOUSSIM Laboratory

More information

Integrating 300 GW wind power in European power systems: challenges and recommendations. Frans Van Hulle Technical Advisor

Integrating 300 GW wind power in European power systems: challenges and recommendations. Frans Van Hulle Technical Advisor Integrating 300 GW wind power in European power systems: challenges and recommendations Frans Van Hulle Technical Advisor Worldbank, SDN Week, Washington, February 21-22, 2008 Leonard Crettaz What is the

More information

Ethanol Usage Projections & Corn Balance Sheet (mil. bu.)

Ethanol Usage Projections & Corn Balance Sheet (mil. bu.) Ethanol Usage Projections & Corn Balance Sheet (mil. bu.) Updated 12/21/215 Historic Est. Prelim. Proj. 216-17 Year: (production/marketing) 1/ 211-12 212-13 213-14 214-15 215-16 Low Med. 4 High Yield (bu.

More information

ALGAE 2020: Vol 2: Global Biofuels, Drop-In Fuels, Biochems Markets and Fore

ALGAE 2020: Vol 2: Global Biofuels, Drop-In Fuels, Biochems Markets and Fore Vol 2: Global Biofuels, Drop-In Fuels, Biochems Markets and Fore 2011 Update, 385 Pages by Emerging Markets Online www.emerging-markets.com ALGAE 2020: In tro du c tio n a n d E xe c u tive O ve rvie w

More information

May 3, 2011. Claudia Stamme, Andreas Scheidig, Klaudija Milos

May 3, 2011. Claudia Stamme, Andreas Scheidig, Klaudija Milos Enzymatic algae processing Claudia Stamme, Andreas Scheidig, Klaudija Milos Direvo Industrial Biotech In 2008 Direvo Industrial Biotech was spun out of Direvo AG which pharmaceutical applications was sold

More information

Forward. Contents. Bioenergy Development Plan

Forward. Contents. Bioenergy Development Plan Forward Energy supply security and reduction of greenhouse gas emission are important issues in the ASEAN region where bioenergy is realized as one of the highest potential renewable energies. Thailand

More information

It's a California success story.

It's a California success story. PROGRAM OVERVIEW EDGE is a great example of a successful public-private partnership, which has created a terrific roadmap helping to produce a qualified and skilled workforce for a very important emerging

More information

Determining the Use of Technology in World Food and Fiber Production

Determining the Use of Technology in World Food and Fiber Production Lesson A8 1 Determining the Use of Technology in World Food and Fiber Production Unit A. Mechanical Systems and Technology Problem Area 8. Technology Systems Lesson 1. Determining the Use of Technology

More information

3 rd Party Solar Sales April 2012

3 rd Party Solar Sales April 2012 3 rd Party Solar Sales April 2012 About SolarCity The Leading Solar Service Provider in the U.S. More than 30,000 projects completed or underway Serving thousands of markets nationwide AZ, CA, CO, DC,

More information

New power plant on the Maasvlakte. Clean, reliable, and affordable energy from coal and biomass. Benelux

New power plant on the Maasvlakte. Clean, reliable, and affordable energy from coal and biomass. Benelux New power plant on the Maasvlakte Clean, reliable, and affordable energy from coal and biomass Benelux Electricity: demand and production The Netherlands needs more and more electricity. Consumption has

More information

De energievoorziening in 2040;

De energievoorziening in 2040; De energievoorziening in 2040; decentraal, duurzaam en intelligent! Prof. Dr. Ad van Wijk 25-6-2012 20-06-2012 Delft University of Technology Challenge the future There is no energy crisis Energy efficiency

More information

DOE Data Center Energy Efficiency Program

DOE Data Center Energy Efficiency Program DOE Data Center Energy Efficiency Program Paul Scheihing U.S. Department of Energy Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy April 2009 1 DOE Industrial Technologies Program Worki king to improve th e energy

More information

Welcome to Kristianstad The Biogas City

Welcome to Kristianstad The Biogas City Welcome to Kristianstad The Biogas City Welcome to Kristianstad The Biogas City In order to be interesting for business, the biogas sector must change focus so that its users are put center-stage. The

More information

Scenario studies for algae production

Scenario studies for algae production Scenario studies for algae production Petronella Margaretha Slegers Scenario studies for algae production Petronella Margaretha Slegers Thesis committee Promotors Prof. Dr G. van Straten Emeritus Professor

More information

The European Renewable Energy Directive and international Trade. Laurent Javaudin Delegation of the European Commission to the U.S.

The European Renewable Energy Directive and international Trade. Laurent Javaudin Delegation of the European Commission to the U.S. The European Renewable Energy Directive and international Trade Laurent Javaudin Delegation of the European Commission to the U.S. The European Union 27 Member States 490 million people 2 Outline The Present:

More information

This presentation is posted for public use. ACEEE does not endorse any product or service.

This presentation is posted for public use. ACEEE does not endorse any product or service. This presentation is posted for public use. ACEEE does not endorse any product or service. ACEEE accepts no responsibility for any facts or claims this presentation may contain. SOLAR Solar Water Heating

More information

A NEW DESICCANT EVAPORATIVE COOLING CYCLE FOR SOLAR AIR CONDITIONING AND HOT WATER HEATING

A NEW DESICCANT EVAPORATIVE COOLING CYCLE FOR SOLAR AIR CONDITIONING AND HOT WATER HEATING A NEW DESICCANT EVAPORATIVE COOLING CYCLE FOR SOLAR AIR CONDITIONING AND HOT WATER HEATING John Archibald American Solar Roofing Company 8703 Chippendale Court Annandale, Va. 22003 e-mail: jarchibald@americansolar.com

More information

The Future of Energy. Prof. Wesley Henderson Dept. Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering NC State University. Seminar 2

The Future of Energy. Prof. Wesley Henderson Dept. Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering NC State University. Seminar 2 The Future of Energy Prof. Wesley Henderson Dept. Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering NC State University Seminar 2 Outline of Lectures Seminar 1: Energy & Electricity Use in the U.S. Peak Oil? Clean Coal

More information

RENEWABLE ENERGY. The Sustainable Energy Plant.

RENEWABLE ENERGY. The Sustainable Energy Plant. RENEWABLE ENERGY The Sustainable Energy Plant. 1. 7. 2. 6. 3. 5. 4. How landfill-gas-to-energy works 1. Creating energy from landfill gas begins with collection. When taking into account homes, restaurants,

More information

A Brief SBIR/STTR BAA Primer

A Brief SBIR/STTR BAA Primer SBIR Small Business Innovative Research Program Started by Congress 25 years ago 1982 Purpose: to foster and stimulate small business development of technology for Federal R&D needs Increase private sector

More information

Fig A 9 Environmental, social and economic aspect from biofuels production Source: IEA (2011)(International Energy Agency, 2011)

Fig A 9 Environmental, social and economic aspect from biofuels production Source: IEA (2011)(International Energy Agency, 2011) Second and third generation of biofuels i 1. Introduction Biofuels can be classified into 3 generations: First, second and third generation The 2 nd generation biodiesel includes liquid fuels derived from

More information

PHOTOBIOREACTOR DESIGN FOR IMPROVED ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF MICROALGAE PRODUCTION. A Thesis. Presented to. the Faculty of

PHOTOBIOREACTOR DESIGN FOR IMPROVED ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF MICROALGAE PRODUCTION. A Thesis. Presented to. the Faculty of PHOTOBIOREACTOR DESIGN FOR IMPROVED ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF MICROALGAE PRODUCTION A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo In Partial Fulfillment of the

More information

Algae Biodiesel A Feasibility Report

Algae Biodiesel A Feasibility Report Algae Biodiesel A Feasibility Report BPRO 29000 12/7/2009 Yihe Gao Chapin Gregor Yuanjie Liang Dawei Tang Caitlin Tweed 1 Introduction... 3 Current Research Review... 9 Algae Research in the Public Sector...9

More information

NISA Nordic Initiative for Sustainable Aviation

NISA Nordic Initiative for Sustainable Aviation NISA Nordic Initiative for Sustainable Aviation Take Off 2014 Förnybara bränslen inom flyget vad är på gång? Göteborg Landvetter Airport 24. jan 2014 / Martin Porsgaard: mpo@cphcleantech.com 2 WHERE ARE

More information

Agrisoma: Creating Sustainable Energy Solutions Founded in Agriculture

Agrisoma: Creating Sustainable Energy Solutions Founded in Agriculture www.agrisoma.com Agrisoma: Creating Sustainable Energy Solutions Founded in Agriculture Founded in 2001, we are a Canadian agricultural biotechnology company operating for the last decade in Saskatchewan

More information

THE FUTURE OF THE SCHOOL BUS

THE FUTURE OF THE SCHOOL BUS THE FUTURE OF THE SCHOOL BUS INTRODUCTION School buses across the country bring 24 million students to school every day. 1 They are a constant presence in our children s lives, and yet they have scarcely

More information

Alternative Energy. Terms and Concepts: Relative quantities of potential energy resources, Solar constant, Economies of scale

Alternative Energy. Terms and Concepts: Relative quantities of potential energy resources, Solar constant, Economies of scale Objectives Key Terms and Concepts Introduction Solar Wind Hydroelectric Power Geothermal Sources Biofuels Summary: Economies of Scale Questions for the video if time permits Alternative Energy Objectives:

More information

Performance Management Guidelines and Considerations

Performance Management Guidelines and Considerations Illinois Soybean Association/Illinois Soybean Program Operating Board Performance Management Guidelines and Considerations January, 2012 Written by Randall Rollinson LBL Strategies, Ltd. Illinois Soybean

More information

Pond Recirculating Production Systems

Pond Recirculating Production Systems SRAC Publication No. 455 November 1997 PR VI Pond Recirculating Production Systems Andrew M. Lazur and Deborah C. Britt* Water conservation and reuse has become a major issue in aquaculture in recent years.

More information

LCB-Ethanol als Ergänzung zur 1. Generation Bioethanol oder

LCB-Ethanol als Ergänzung zur 1. Generation Bioethanol oder LCB-Ethanol als Ergänzung zur 1. Generation Bioethanol oder Biomass potential for the production of lignocellulosic bioethanol from various agricultural residues in Austria and Worldwide Alexander Jäger

More information

Biomass-to an overview

Biomass-to an overview Biomass-to to-liquids(btl) ) fuels - an overview Dr. Andreas Schütte Fachagentur Nachwachsende Rohstoffe e.v. Fachagentur Nachwachsende Rohstoffe e.v. 4. BtL-Congress 1./2. December 2010 Berlin Agency

More information

Business strategy: dal progetto Pro.E.Sa agli investimenti per la realizzazione degli impianti

Business strategy: dal progetto Pro.E.Sa agli investimenti per la realizzazione degli impianti Business strategy: dal progetto Pro.E.Sa agli investimenti per la realizzazione degli impianti Business strategy: from the Pro.E.Sa project to the investments for plants constructions Ing. Dario Giordano,

More information

Emerging BioFuel Crops and Technology Kurt Thelen Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan ABSTRACT

Emerging BioFuel Crops and Technology Kurt Thelen Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan ABSTRACT Emerging BioFuel Crops and Technology Kurt Thelen Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan ABSTRACT United States energy policy requires 36 billion gallons of ethanol by the year 2022, with 21

More information

What Coal Technologies Can Do to Reduce Global CO2 Emission

What Coal Technologies Can Do to Reduce Global CO2 Emission What Coal Technologies Can Do to Reduce Global CO2 Emission December 17, 2014 Hiro Hatada Chief Representative, Washington, DC Office NEDO (New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization)

More information

Life Cycle Water Consumption of Alternative, Low-Carbon Transportation Energy Sources

Life Cycle Water Consumption of Alternative, Low-Carbon Transportation Energy Sources Life Cycle Water Consumption of Alternative, Low-Carbon Transportation Energy Sources Introduction Christopher Harto, Robert Meyers, Eric Williams Funded by Arizona Water Institute Grant AWI-ASU-07-103

More information

The Future of Coal-Based Power Generation With CCS UN CCS Summit James Katzer MIT Energy Initiative web.mit.edu/coal/

The Future of Coal-Based Power Generation With CCS UN CCS Summit James Katzer MIT Energy Initiative web.mit.edu/coal/ The Future of Coal-Based Power Generation With CCS UN CCS Summit James Katzer MIT Energy Initiative web.mit.edu/coal/ 1 Times Are Changing As Yogi Berra said: The Future Ain t What It Used to Be 2 Overview

More information

Cultivation of seaweed biomass for nutrients and energy

Cultivation of seaweed biomass for nutrients and energy Marine Ingredients Conference, Oslo 23-24.September 2013 Cultivation of seaweed biomass for nutrients and energy Jorunn Skjermo, Silje Forbord, Ole Jacob Broch, Kjell Inge Reitan, Roar Solbakken, Kristine

More information

Tailoring solutions for a region of diversity Global Press Conference 2013

Tailoring solutions for a region of diversity Global Press Conference 2013 Tailoring solutions for a region of diversity Global Press Conference 2013 Vincent Gros Senior Vice President, BASF Crop Protection Europe, CIS, Central Asia, Africa and Middle East October 2 nd, 2013

More information

Bioprospecting. for. Microalgae

Bioprospecting. for. Microalgae Microalgae for Bioprospecting Dr. J. Polle Department of Biology Brooklyn College of CUNY 2900 Bedford Ave, 200NE Brooklyn, NY 11220 jpolle@brooklyn.cuny.edu http://www.dunaliella.org Presentation Outline

More information

THE KVAERNER MEMBRANE CONTACTOR: LESSONS FROM A CASE STUDY IN HOW TO REDUCE CAPTURE COSTS. Kvaerner Oil & Gas, Sandefjord, Norway

THE KVAERNER MEMBRANE CONTACTOR: LESSONS FROM A CASE STUDY IN HOW TO REDUCE CAPTURE COSTS. Kvaerner Oil & Gas, Sandefjord, Norway THE KVAERNER MEMBRANE CONTACTOR: LESSONS FROM A CASE STUDY IN HOW TO REDUCE CAPTURE COSTS Howard Herzog 1 and Olav Falk-Pedersen 2 1 Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA 2 Kvaerner

More information

Soybean Supply and Demand Forecast

Soybean Supply and Demand Forecast Soybean Supply and Demand Forecast U.S. soybean planted acreage is expected to increase 11.5 million acres over the forecast period. U.S. soybean yields are expected to increase 7 bushels per acre or an

More information

BIOMASS: BIOGAS GENERATOR. Curriculum: Biomass Power (organic chemistry, chemical/carbon cycles, plants, energy resources/transformations)

BIOMASS: BIOGAS GENERATOR. Curriculum: Biomass Power (organic chemistry, chemical/carbon cycles, plants, energy resources/transformations) BIOMASS: BIOGAS GENERATOR Curriculum: Biomass Power (organic chemistry, chemical/carbon cycles, plants, energy resources/transformations) Grade Level: Middle School (6-8) Small groups (3 to 4) Time: 90

More information

Issues In Agriculture

Issues In Agriculture Issues In Agriculture John Stulp, Commissioner of Agriculture November, 2010 Colorado Department of Agriculture CDA is charged with: Strengthening and advancing Colorado s agriculture industry; Ensuring

More information

Biodiesel from Microalgae: A Renewable Energy Source

Biodiesel from Microalgae: A Renewable Energy Source Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research 2 (2): 2308-234, 204 ISSN 990-9233 IDOSI Publications, 204 DOI: 0.5829/idosi.mejsr.204.2.2.276 Biodiesel from Microalgae: A Renewable Energy Source 2 Meltem Conk

More information

Research to improve the use and conservation of agricultural biodiversity for smallholder farmers

Research to improve the use and conservation of agricultural biodiversity for smallholder farmers Research to improve the use and conservation of agricultural biodiversity for smallholder farmers Agricultural biodiversity the variability of crops and their wild relatives, trees, animals, arthropods,

More information

A Look Back at the U.S. Department of Energy s Aquatic Species Program: Biodiesel from Algae

A Look Back at the U.S. Department of Energy s Aquatic Species Program: Biodiesel from Algae NREL/TP-580-24190 A Look Back at the U.S. Department of Energy s Aquatic Species Program: Biodiesel from Algae Close-Out Report A Look Back at the U.S. Department of Energy s Aquatic Species Program Biodiesel

More information

Algae Lab Systems. a case study. +1 (720) 980 0809 www.algaelabsystems.com. 2201 Pearl St. Unit 317 Boulder, CO 80302 USA

Algae Lab Systems. a case study. +1 (720) 980 0809 www.algaelabsystems.com. 2201 Pearl St. Unit 317 Boulder, CO 80302 USA Algae Lab Systems a case study 2201 Pearl St. Unit 317 Boulder, CO 80302 USA +1 (720) 980 0809 www.algaelabsystems.com 2015 B-Scada, Inc. @B_Scada B-Scada, Inc. www.scada.com Solutions for Agriculture

More information

Unit 5 Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

Unit 5 Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Unit 5 Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Advanced Concepts What is the abbreviated name of this molecule? What is its purpose? What are the three parts of this molecule? Label each part with the

More information

Sustainable Bio Energy technologies in the CDM market

Sustainable Bio Energy technologies in the CDM market FP6 T@W Project BIOMASS and BIOGAS WORKSHOP Sustainable Bio Energy technologies in the CDM market Lessons from registered CDM biogas project activities in Germany ZREU GmbH info@zreu.de Regensburg/Germany

More information

Recreational Fishpond Management

Recreational Fishpond Management Recreational Fishpond Management Enhancements to basic approaches Rusty Wright, Extension Fisheries Specialist Auburn University Alabama Extension Pond Management Why are ponds important? Huge numbers

More information

Clean coal from a Vattenfall perspective

Clean coal from a Vattenfall perspective Clean coal from a Vattenfall perspective 14 April 2010 Torbjörn Wahlborg, Senior Executive Vice President Head of Business Group Nordic Vattenfall in brief Europe s fifth largest generator of electricity

More information

Environmental Science 101 Energy. Web-Based Course. Lecture Outline: Terms You Should Know: Learning Objectives: Reading Assignment:

Environmental Science 101 Energy. Web-Based Course. Lecture Outline: Terms You Should Know: Learning Objectives: Reading Assignment: Environmental Science 101 Energy 1 Web-Based Course Lecture Outline: 5. RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES MODULE 5.1 Improving Energy Efficiency A. Improving Energy Efficiency MODULE 5.2 Geothermal, Hydro and

More information

Renewables-based Chemicals

Renewables-based Chemicals Renewables-based Chemicals From raw material opportunities to increased performance Markus Piepenbrink, Global New Business Development, Chemical Intermediates BASF BASF We create chemistry Our chemistry

More information

Aquatic Animal Nutrition: Understanding Feed Conversion Ratios

Aquatic Animal Nutrition: Understanding Feed Conversion Ratios Aquatic Animal Nutrition: Understanding Feed Conversion Ratios Grade Level: 9-12 Subject Area: Aquaculture, Nutrition Time: 30 minutes +introduction/discussion time Student Performance Standards (Sunshine

More information

Alternative fuels. The way forward

Alternative fuels. The way forward Alternative fuels The way forward Contents Foreword Alternative fuels - an overview Different alternatives - with different prerequisites The five most promising fuels Energy efficiency Land use efficiency

More information

Ecosystems and Food Webs

Ecosystems and Food Webs Ecosystems and Food Webs How do AIS affect our lakes? Background Information All things on the planet both living and nonliving interact. An Ecosystem is defined as the set of elements, living and nonliving,

More information

Plants, like all other living organisms have basic needs: a source of nutrition (food),

Plants, like all other living organisms have basic needs: a source of nutrition (food), LEARNING FROM LEAVES: A LOOK AT LEAF SIZE Grades 3 6 I. Introduction Plants, like all other living organisms have basic needs: a source of nutrition (food), water, space in which to live, air, and optimal

More information

Page 1 Bayer CropScience Increase of productivity in Agriculture

Page 1 Bayer CropScience Increase of productivity in Agriculture Bayer CropScience Increase of productivity in Agriculture Dr. F. Zurmühlen Frankfurt 16.7.2014 Page 1 Bayer CropScience Increase of productivity in Agriculture 114,928 employees Full year sales: 40.2 billion

More information

Biotechnol. Prog., 2006, Vol. 22, No. 6 1491

Biotechnol. Prog., 2006, Vol. 22, No. 6 1491 1490 Biotechnol. Prog. 2006, 22, 1490 1506 Microalgal Reactors: A Review of Enclosed System Designs and Performances Ana P. Carvalho, Luís A. Meireles, and F. Xavier Malcata* Escola Superior de Biotecnologia,

More information

Norsk gass og det skandinaviske energimarked. Thor Otto Lohne, Direktør, Gassco

Norsk gass og det skandinaviske energimarked. Thor Otto Lohne, Direktør, Gassco Norsk gass og det skandinaviske energimarked Thor Otto Lohne, Direktør, Gassco Fyn, 19. november 2009 Gassco A neutral and independent operator for the integrated gas transport system from the Norwegian

More information