Controlled Door Closing Devices and Systems

Transcription

1 April 2011 European Guideline No 2:2011 and Systems Guidelines for the choice, the installation and the maintenance USE OF THE DOCUMENT: ARGE owns the copyright of all the wording in this document that it has originated. The ARGE Member Associations are encouraged to include this document on their websites.

2 Foreword The European Federation of Associations of Lock and Builders Hardware Manufacturers (ARGE) have decided to produce common guidelines in order to achieve similar interpretation in European countries and to give examples of acceptable solutions regarding the choice, the installation and the maintenance of Building Hardware Products. The following recommendations contained in these guidelines do not bind ARGE. The decision of the choice belongs to the specifier, according to the situation and of the type of risk to be prevented. January 2011 Read more: Why this Guide? THE EUROPEAN FEDERATION OF ASSOCIATIONS OF LOCKS AND BUILDERS HARDWARE MANUFACTURERS ARGE is the European Federation of Associations of Lock and Builders Hardware Manufacturer and therefore ARGE is the roof organisation of the European Builders Hardware Industry. Members of ARGE are the National Associations in 16 European countries and ARGE is today covering about % of the whole European Builders hardware production. For many decades Manufacturers knew only their National Technical Standards. With increasing globalisation, international Standards, based on performance standards became necessary. International Standards eliminate trade barriers and contribute to easier exchange of products from country to country. International Standards like CEN are harmonised and tested according to common rules. Mutual recognition is also required. Requirements from the market for high quality products continuously increase. Manufacturers have taken advantage of this development and have created a range of appropriate new product solutions.

3 Contents list Introduction Background The products available on the market Guidance for choosing the appropriate controlled door closer, hold-open devices and coordinators Guidance for installation of controlled door closers and associated items Guidance for maintenance of controlled door closers and hold-open systems Main testing requirements Disclaimer Conclusion Acknowledgements Links to Building Hardware National Associations Appendix 1 Why this guide? Appendix 2 The Construction Products Directive (CPD) and the Construction Products Regulation (CPR) Appendix 3 The responsibility of the various stakeholders Appendix 4 Frequently asked questions Appendix 5 Bibliography Appendix 6 Technical terminology and definitions Appendix 7 Extracts General terminology and definitions EN 1154 Extracts EN 1155 Extracts EN 1158 Extracts EN Extracts Installation Instructions for Extract EN Maintenance Instructions for Extract EN ARGE Guidelines n 2 April 2011 Page 3/ 55

4 Introduction Type of products covered by this guideline This guideline cover building hardware intended to be installed on doors or fire doors, which have to be CE marked and therefore comply with harmonized standards, regulations or guides: EN1154 Controlled door closing devices EN1155 Electrically powered hold-open devices for swing doors EN1158 Door coordinator devices CEN/TR15894 Building hardware door fittings for use by children, elderly and disabled people in domestic and public buildings- a guide for specifiers Equality Act 2010, BS 8300:2009+A1:2010 UK (England and Wales only) Document M, access to and use of building, Building regulations UK (England and Wales) EN14637 Electrically controlled hold open systems for fire/smoke door assemblies Requirements, test methods, application and maintenance The needs for ease of opening of door and secure fire closing During the last years the needs of children, elderly and disabled people have to be taken care of when new buildings are planned or old buildings are renovated. By using modern technology and innovative products both ease of opening and fire closing demands can be achieved. Finding the Best Solution The easy opening of door and secure fire closing need not to be mutually exclusive. You do not have to sacrifice security (resistance to forced entry) to achieve safety for people who need to escape from an emergency or life-threatening situation. New solutions using mechanical or electromechanical door closing systems can provide ease of opening of a door including a secure building. 1. Background Basic rules about ease of access, safety and security When designing a building, ease of access, safety and security are normally considered in terms of ease of use of the door, fire regulation and prevention of unauthorised use of the doors. However, the European regulations of CE marking only stipulate Standards for safety. These requirements are mandatory in most counties and best practice in others and must be followed. In this document, we focus on the issue of ease of access and fire closing demands. When designing equipment for fire doors on escape routes, you should always ask the question: is there any chance that a panic situation may arise? Often, of course, building regulations and fire safety requirements will give you formal guidance or will even require the use of special hardware. However, the designer should take all possible measures to reduce the consequences of potential risks that may occur in the lifespan of a building. Technical solutions to deal with fire situations and with ordinary emergences are different. It is therefore important to define what type of situation is likely to arise. ARGE Guidelines n 2 April 2011 Page 4/ 55

5 The role of Door closing hardware In a building the role of controlled closing hardware is vital to make sure that the doors close properly; for example in case of fire, hard weather conditions or ventilation etc. But also the closing hardware must be adjustable in such a way that even a child or elderly person can open the doors. These two cases must be always considered when choosing these hardware products. Always consider the local regulations. Preference should always be made to building codes and regulations from National and Fire Authorities regarding exit hardware where such codes exist, when considering the use of new European Standards for door closing hardware. Each country has its own Fire and Life safety requirements. Although considerations by Fire Authorities are similar in all European countries and each national code has basically similar requirements, many differ in detail. Important considerations Doors The number of doors and the location, weight and width of each door are all important considerations. A fire-resistant door that is designed to contain a fire must use a locking device designed to keep the door closed during the fire. The latch bolt must be engaged and close but not lock the door each time it is used. Note: Certain test houses conduct fire testing with the latch bolt in an unlatched position, and this is accepted in the United Kingdom. Door closers and electro mechanical door coordinators must be CE marked if the doorsets are fire or smoke resisting. Single axis hinges must be CE marked if they are installed on these doors. (This is best practice in the United Kingdom, Ireland and Sweden until 1 July 2013) However, local regulations (eg France), may force the use of CE marked products, even if the doorsets are not fire resisting. CE Mark, Construction Products Directive (CPD), Regulation (CPR) and Quality Mark The Construction Products Directive (Directive 89/106/EC) establishes a single market in construction products, enabling products that satisfy harmonised technical specifications to bear the CE mark. In addition to this mandatory CE Mark, in some countries, some voluntary quality labels may ensure a higher level of quality and product control Read more: The Construction Products Directive (CPD) and Regulation (CPR) ARGE Guidelines n 2 April 2011 Page 5/ 55

6 Other European Directives The CE marking implies the conformity to all Directives applicable to the product. Therefore, other Directives can apply to electrically controlled door closing devices, which include:- EU Directive 89/336/EC and 2004/118/EC (EMC) EU Directive 73/23/EEC (Low Voltage) EU Directive 2002/96/EEC (WEEE) and 2002/95/EEC (ROHS) Avoiding discrimination against the disabled. Most European countries have published additional regulations or technical requirements covering discrimination against the disabled or people with impaired mobility. Typically, controlled door closing devices offer good solutions for allowing the young, the elderly and the handicapped to use public buildings. The informative Technical Report CEN TR covering accessibility was published in Liability and responsibility All individuals and corporate organisations have a duty of care in all matters affecting people and property. This duty of care may be defined as responsibility and failure to exercise it can lead to civil or criminal liability. A criminal act in the subject of door closing will be some act or omission to act, which has endangered life and property, and results in action in the criminal courts. A civil liability is again a failure to act or to act incorrectly which causes damage to structures or people of a lesser degree than criminal acts and is subject to the civil law of the country. The interpretation of this is within National Laws. The responsibility for the various stakeholders If the regulations and the standards define obligations or recommendations to be followed, it is important to point out the responsibility of the various parties in the manufacture, the marketing, the choice, the installation and maintenance, but also the correct use of door closing systems. All of these parties are indeed concerned, at various levels, during the lifespan of a door closer or system: Read more: The responsibility of the various stakeholders Conclusion Planning a good operating door environment to take care both of easy entrance to the building and secure fire closing aspects, is achievable. It needs a lot of knowledge of different standards, regulations, and the technical details of the products available. ARGE Guidelines n 2 April 2011 Page 6/ 55

7 2. The products available on the market European Guideline no 2 Different types of door closers available on the market Door closer is the term for the different types of hydraulically controlled devices intended for controlled closing of single and double action swing doors, such as devices being mounted on or in the frame, on or in the door, or in the floor. The main purpose for the use of door closer is to make doors self-closing, meaning that an open door will return into its closed position without human intervention and with hydraulic control. The selection for door closers should be made in accordance to the level of safety, security and convenience. Door closers according to EN 1154 There are basically four different categories of door closers identified in the standard: - Overhead door closer - Concealed door closer - Transom door closer - Floor spring Overhead door closer, surface mounted, pull side, left-handed door Overhead concealed door closer, mounted in the door leaf Transom door closer, mounted in the door frame Floor spring, mounted in the floor Read more: EN Building hardware Controlled door closing devices Requirements and test methods ARGE Guidelines n 2 April 2011 Page 7/ 55

8 Hold-open device is the common term for equipment that allows a self-closing door to remain open at a preset angle until released. Basically there are two different types of hold-open units: 1. Mechanical hold-open units (not for fire and smoke check doors) 2. Electrically powered hold-open devices (for fire and smoke check doors) In case of particularly large and heavy doors, or doors in which the hold-open point exceeds the specifications of integrated electromechanical devices, hold-open magnets should be used. For electrically powered hold-open devices with a release moment in excess of 120 Nm, a push button for release has to be fitted. Electrically powered hold-open devices can be used as a component of a hold-open system (see below), or in connection with external fire detection and alarm systems. Read more: EN 1155 Building hardware Electrically powered hold open devices for swing doors Requirements and test methods Hold-open system is the term for an electrically controlled combination of components intended to hold fire and smoke check doors open in daily use, and to make sure in case of fire or power failure that these doors will be released for self - closing. Normally hold-open systems are designed as stand-alone systems to safeguard one doorset only. For use in connection with external fire detection and alarm systems, always consider your national regulations. Read more: EN Building hardware Electrically controlled hold-open systems for fire/smoke door assemblies Requirements, test methods, application and maintenance DOOR CLOSER FOR SINGLE LEAF DOORS Standard doors Fire and smoke check doors, escape doors etc.* Door closer without certification Door Closer to comply with EN 1154 Door Closer to comply with EN 1154 CE-marked Electrically controlled hold-open device to comply with EN 1155 CE-marked Electrically controlled Hold-open system to comply with EN 14637* * in accordance with the local building regulations ARGE Guidelines n 2 April 2011 Page 8/ 55

9 Door closers, hold-open devices and hold-open systems according to the European Standards Power supply unit D Fire/smoke detector A Control unit B Hold-open device C Basic system components with essential functions according to EN Always be sure to consider your national regulations when setting up hold-open systems! Read more: EN Building hardware Electrically controlled hold-open systems for fire/smoke door assemblies Requirements, test methods, application and maintenance Free-swing door closers Free-swing door closers are hydraulically controlled devices that make self-closing doors freely operable, as if there was no door closer installed. The door can be operated without any resistance until electrically or manually released for self-closing. Depending on the version, freeswing door closers can be used as hold-open systems. A manual release switch is always required for free swing door closers. Read more: EN 1155 Building hardware Electrically powered hold-open devices for swing doors Requirements and test methods EN Building hardware Electrically controlled hold-open systems for fire/smoke door assemblies Requirements, test methods, application and maintenance ARGE Guidelines n 2 April 2011 Page 9/ 55

10 Door coordinators according to EN 1158 All these systems can also be used on double-leaf doors. For example on rebated double-leaf doors it is essential to ensure the correct closing sequence. There are four types of door coordinators: - incorporated in door closers - incorporated in door closers with electrical hold-open devices. - concealed door coordinators - can be mounted separately Example: Coordinator incorporated in a door closing device Note: Door coordinator devices manufactured to this European Standard shall enable correct coordination of the door leaves from any angle to which they can be opened, if necessary by the use of a carry bar. Read more: EN 1158 Building hardware Door coordinator devices Requirements and test methods ARGE Guidelines n 2 April 2011 Page 10/ 55

11 *Note: EN1303 is currently not a harmonised standard so cylinders are not CE marked. Should the door be classed as an Emergency Exit Door, the lock, lever handle or push pad, should be tested to EN179. ARGE Guidelines n 2 April 2011 Page 11/ 55

12 In some countries the Building Regulations require panic devices on escape routes as well as on final exits. In other countries they are required on panic exits only. ARGE Guidelines n 2 April 2011 Page 12/ 55

13 *Note: EN1303 is currently not a harmonised standard so cylinders are not CE marked. ARGE Guidelines n 2 April 2011 Page 13/ 55

14 Read more: EN 1154 Building hardware Controlled door closing devices Requirements and test methods EN 1155 Building hardware Electrically powered hold-open devices for swing doors Requirements and test methods EN 1158 Building hardware Door coordinator devices Requirements and test methods EN Building hardware Electrically controlled hold-open systems fore fire/smoke door assemblies Requirements, test methods, application and maintenance EN Building hardware Mechanically operated locks, latches and locking plates Requirements and test methods; EN 1303 Building hardware Cylinders for locks Requirements and test methods EN 179 Building hardware Emergency exit devices operated by a lever handle or push pad, for use on escape routes Requirements and test methods EN 1125 Building hardware Panic exit devices operated by a horizontal bar, for use on escape routes Requirements and test methods EN 1935 Building hardware Single-axis hinges Requirements and test methods 3. Guidance for choosing the appropriate controlled door closer, hold-open devices and coordinators 3.1 The source of information Product information Manufacturers solutions Manufacturers will provide you with a number of technical solutions to suit different needs. It is important to select the product designed for the right application and which meets the national regulations or other technical (including fire, life and insurance company) requirements. Claims of compliance When choosing the correct product from a manufacturer s catalogue, it is always necessary to question claims of compliance with the Standards, of quality and of product marking. Insurance requirements Insurance companies have their own requirements for risk analysis of safety and security which are usually in addition to national Life Safety codes. Check always your particular Insurance requirements! ARGE Guidelines n 2 April 2011 Page 14/ 55

15 3.2 Criteria for the choice of door closers European Guideline no 2 The type of door closer should be selected according to an analysis of all factors concerning the door and its users. Various conditions can influence the choice of the appropriate door closer such as:- Preventive fire protection User group, e.g. children, mothers with prams, elderly people Easy opening (as described e.g. in CEN/TR 15894, Article R and 6 (France), BS 8300 (United Kingdom), DIN and 2 (Germany)) Door widths and door weight Environmental conditions like external or internal door, wind loads, corrosion (minimum resistance class 3 according to EN 1670 recommended) Max. angle for controlled closing. The EN 1154 defines two categories: fully controlled hydraulic closing from 105 and up to and including 180. National regulations influence on the criteria must always be checked. Read more: CEN/TR Building hardware Door fittings for use by children, elderly and disabled people in domestic and public buildings a guide for specifiers EN 1670 Building hardware Corrosion resistance Requirements and test methods Article R , R (France) - Construction and Housing Code, subsection 4 (Code de la construction et de l habitation, Sous-section 4 : Dispositions applicables lors de la construction ou de la création d'établissements recevant du public ou d'installations ouvertes au public) BS 8300 (United Kingdom) - Design of buildings and their approaches to meet the needs of disabled people Code of Practice DIN (Germany) Construction of accessible buildings Design principles Part 1: Publicly accessible buildings (Barrierefreies Bauen Planungsgrundlagen Teil 1: Öffentlich zugängliche Gebäude.) DIN (Germany) Construction of accessible buildings - Design principles Part 2: Dwellings (Barrierefreies Bauen Planungsgrundlagen Teil 2: Wohnungen.) 3.3 ARGE guidance for the choice of door closer For fire and smoke check doors it is always possible to supplement a door closer with an electrically powered hold-open device or electrically controlled hold-open system according to European Standards. ARGE Guidelines n 2 April 2011 Page 15/ 55

16 3.3.1 How to choose a door closer? Recommendations by ARGE professionals illustrated by a decision tree: Start Door with door closer Door without door closer Standard door (door closer e.g. for security, privacy, energy control) Fire and smoke check door Door closer according to EN 1154, CE-marked No Electrically powered hold-open required? Yes Yes Connection to fire detection systems? No Hold-open device according to EN 1155 Hold-open system according to EN / national regulations Door closer according to EN 1154 recommended -Door closer according to EN 1154, CE-marked -Hold-open device according to EN 1155, CE-marked -Door closer according to EN 1154, CE-marked -Hold-open system according to EN 14637, in accordance with national regulations Rebated double leaf door Yes On rebated doors, add door coordinator according to EN 1158 to the selected combination No End Note: For fire and smoke check doors, the door closer has to meet EN size 3 at the minimum. Door closers with adjustable closing force must be adjusted to min. EN 3. Read more: EN 1154 Building hardware Controlled door closing devices Requirements and test methods EN 1155 Building hardware Electrically powered hold-open devices for swing doors Requirements and test methods EN 1158 Building hardware Door coordinator devices Requirements and test methods ARGE Guidelines n 2 April 2011 Page 16/ 55

17 EN Building hardware Electrically controlled hold-open systems for fire/smoke door assemblies Requirements, test methods, application and maintenance Choice between different types of door closers Controlled door closer Overhead door closer Floor spring with slide channel Concealed door closer with standard arm Transom door closer The mode of installation of a door closer is different depending on the closer model, door set and door material. Further it is necessary to select a door closer according to the door location, frequency of use, user group, use as single or double action door. Overhead door closer with slide channel There are four mounting applications for overhead door closers with slide channel. The mode of installation should be selected according to the design of the door and frame, and also take into consideration aesthetic appearance. Installers should always verify that the selected mode of installation will provide the desired opening angle. D o o r le a f fix in g o n th e p u ll s id e T ran som fixin g on the p ush sid e Door leaf fixing on the push side Transom fixing on the pull side ARGE Guidelines n 2 April 2011 Page 17/ 55

18 Concealed door closer Concealed door closers are typically mounted in the door leaf. Transom installation is also possible. This type of door closer is used for fulfilling design requirements; it is well-protected against vandalism and corrosive environment. Certain concealed door closers can be used in double-action applications. Always consider the manufacturer s statements about the minimum door thickness. Mounting in a timber door, aluminium framed door, and transom mounting Overhead door closer with standard arm There are two mounting applications for overhead door closers with standard arm. The mode of installation should be selected according to local circumstances. For example, the door closer should not be mounted on the outward side of external doors, where it is exposed to environmental influences. Door leaf mounting on the pull side, transom mounting on the push side Further performance information is given in FAQ s. Transom door closer Basically this type of door closer offers the same functionality as floor springs. The difference is that no floor preparations are necessary, because the transom door closer is mounted in the frame. This aspect makes the transom door closer ideal for the use with doors in moveable walls, e.g. in shopfitting. Transom door closer with floor pivot ARGE Guidelines n 2 April 2011 Page 18/ 55

19 Floor springs There are two mounting application for floor springs. The mode of installation should be selected according to the type of door, single action or double action. This type of door closer is especially made for heavy doors up to 300 kg. Floor springs and transom door closers (apart from certain closers concealed in the top rail of the door) are the only door closers which are designed for double action. Floor spring with pivot bearing Note: For highly frequented double-action doors, manufacturers can define limited warranty Choice of the appropriate door closer according to EN 1154 Door Closer power size Recommended door leaf width Recommended door mass mm max. kg 1 < NOTE 1: The door widths given are for standard installations. In the case of unusually high or heavy doors, windy or draughty conditions, or special installations, a larger power size of door closer should be used. NOTE 2: The recommended door masses shown are only related to door closer power sizes for the purpose of the test procedure. These recommended door masses are not intended to indicate maximum values for actual use. NOTE 3: Always consider the door manufacturer s documentation. Read more: EN 1154 Building hardware Controlled door closing devices Requirements and test methods ARGE Guidelines n 2 April 2011 Page 19/ 55

20 Accessories For each type of door closer manufacturers provide the suitable accessories for possible assembly situations. For example: 1. Mounting backplate with universal hole system ensures ideal fixing whatever the conditions and irrespective of the door type are. Mounting backplate for overhead door closer with slide channel Mounting backplate for overhead door closer with standard arm 2. Angle bracket for attaching the door closer or slide channel to door frames with a deep-set frame reveal when fixing on the push side. This assembly needs a control of the head clearance, e.g. 204 cm, in accordance with local regulations. Angle bracket for overhead door closer with slide channel 3. Glass door shoe For attaching the closer so toughened glass doors no glass preparation e.g. cutting and drilling, required. Glass door shoe for overhead door closer with slide channel Glass door shoe for overhead door closer with standard arm 4. Cushioned limit stay For preventing the door from hitting the adjacent wall. NOTE: This is not a heavy-duty protective device and in many applications cannot substitute for a doorstop. ARGE Guidelines n 2 April 2011 Page 20/ 55

21 5. Hold-open unit enables standard doors to be securely held at the required opening position, but not for fire and smoke check doors. 6. Spindles (Axles) A range of interchangeable spindles is available to provide greater floor clearance if required (e.g. doors with thresholds, carpeted floors etc.). Read more: EN 1154 Building hardware Controlled door closing devices Requirements and test methods Hydraulic functions of door closers 1. Fully controlled closing action with adjustable speed 2. Adjustable latch speed or adjustable second closing range, according to EN The delayed action feature retards the closing cycle in a certain area, for example between 90 and 65 (as recommended in EN 1154). The extra time allowed for passage through the doorway can be essential for mothers with prams, disabled people, hospitals beds and people with luggage or bulky items. 4. The backcheck feature ensures the safe deceleration and restraint of a door which has been flung open or caught by a gust of wind. This effectively reduces the danger of the door and adjacent wall being damaged. Backcheck is available as adjustable hydraulic backcheck (e.g. in overhead door closers) or fixed mechanical backcheck, e.g. in floor springs. ARGE Guidelines n 2 April 2011 Page 21/ 55

22 Certified door closers will ensure the proper hydraulic functionality even for extreme environmental conditions, e.g. temperatures of -15 C to +40 C (as defined in EN 1154). Hydraulic functions as defined above are also available with door closers for doubleaction doors, such as floor springs: 1) Adjustable closing speed 2) Hold-open range or delayed action range 3) Adjustment range point at which hold-open begins, or end of delayed action range 4) Backcheck Read more: EN 1154 Building hardware Controlled door closing devices Requirements and test methods 4. Guidance for installation of controlled door closers and associated items 4.1 General Each controlled door closer system and the accessories are placed on the market with detailed instructions for the installation and the maintenance which should be passed on to the building manager or to his authorized representative. According to EN 1154, EN 1155 and EN 1158 the door closer has to be marked with the following: a) the manufacturer s name or trademark, or other means of identification b) product model identification c) the classification key d) the number of this European Standard e) the year and week of manufacture Furthermore it is necessary to mark a hold open device according to EN 1155 with its power consumption and rated voltage, e.g. 24 V DC ± 15%. For door closers, hold open devices, and door coordinators, manufactured according to the above mentioned European Standards, the manufacturers provide an EC Certificate of Conformity and EC Declaration of Conformity. Products for the use on fire and smoke check doors must be marked with the CE mark. ARGE Guidelines n 2 April 2011 Page 22/ 55

23 The EC Certificate of Conformity entitles the manufacturer to affix the CE marking on the product. It is always recommended to use products which are marked according to the European Standards. These products are controlled by the manufacturers and notified bodies. By using these products installers can be sure that the scope of the Construction Products Directive (CPD, 89/106/EEC) is fulfilled. All CEN members countries have introduced national implementations of the CPD which make the above-described marking mandatory for all existing and new construction products, according to local building regulations. Manufacturers provide the documents of conformity, e.g. on their internet pages. Example: Mounting instruction including the CE mark according to EN Read more: EN 1154 Building hardware Controlled door closing devices Requirements and test methods EN 1155 Building hardware Electrically powered hold-open devices for swing doors Requirements and test methods EN 1158 Building hardware Door coordinator devices Requirements and test methods 4.2 Recommendations to consider before fitting a door closer Door closers should be selected according to Installers should bear in mind the following points: 1. Check that the door is in a good working condition (e.g. hinges are aligned, not sliding on the floor, proper operation of the lock and fittings, floor clearance etc.). 2. Read and follow the installation instruction provided with the product or supplied by the manufacturer. Installers should always make sure that only components are used which are approved in this combination. Products should only be installed according to manufacturer s instructions, no on-site modifications or other changes are allowed, otherwise the products will lose their approval. 4.3 Recommendations to consider after fitting a door closer Check the correct adjustment of closing power, the correct operation of hydraulic functions, and all functions of the accessories, as described in the European Standards, e.g. EN for fire and smoke check doors. Read more: EN Doorsets and openable windows with fire resisting and / or smoke control characteristics Requirements and classification ARGE Guidelines n 2 April 2011 Page 23/ 55

24 5. Guidance for maintenance of controlled door closers and holdopen systems Each controlled door closer and system components are placed in the market with detailed instructions for the installation and the maintenance which should be passed on to the building manager. Always consider the manufacturer s maintenance instructions. The door, including all components, is a functional element of the building. To avoid injuries of the user and damage of the building, it should regularly be inspected by the building manager. The building manager should instruct authorized personnel, e.g. service technicians of the manufacturer, or specialists certified by the manufacturer. The scope and frequency of inspection will depend on the type, frequency or use, and operating conditions of the door closer system involved. Under conditions of normal usage however, manufacturers consider at least an annual inspection by an authorised person. For some products, e.g. hold-open systems and smoke detectors, an inspection and maintenance more often than once a year, regular legal inspections, or regular product exchanges may be necessary. Door closers must always be exchanged when oil leakage appears. The leaking closer should be set out of operation at once! Some products like smoke detectors offer a dynamic service display which helps the operator to fulfil the maintenance schedule. Status Display Service Display for maintenance Read more: EN 14637* Building hardware Electrically controlled hold-open systems for fire/smoke door assemblies Requirements, test methods, application and maintenance *in accordance with national building regulations. EN 54-7 Fire detection and fire alarm systems. Smoke detectors. Point detectors using scattered light, transmitted light or ionization ARGE Guidelines n 2 April 2011 Page 24/ 55

25 Main testing requirements The requirements of the European Standards have been developed and based on extensive practical tests. Some of these tests are: Opening test with minimum effort Focus on the opening and closing forces required by the EN 1154, and on additional requirements as stated in barrier-free standards or guidelines, e.g. CEN/TR Best possible efficiency As far as possible, the energy which was applied for opening the door should not get lost by friction, but be stored for reliable closing. Closing time Door closers manufactured according to EN 1154 shall be capable of adjustment to 3 s or less, and 20 s or more, from a door opening angle of 90 depending on the environmental temperature. Performance of hydraulic functions Focus on safety and comfort. For example, the backcheck must stop doors before an opening angle of 90 (depending on the environmental temperature) to protect the user and the building. Marking requirements To give evidence of conformity of the product and to differentiate applications. ARGE Guidelines n 2 April 2011 Page 25/ 55

26 6. Disclaimer The purpose of this document is to draw attention to the existence of the European Standards Number EN 1154, EN 1155, EN 1158 and EN14637 on the supply and installation of controlled door closing devices and the fact that many countries also have their own regulations. It attempts to provide general guidance on the use of such components but it is not definitive and not specific to any country. It is the responsibility of the reader to ascertain the precise regulations applicable to the country in which the component is to be used. Neither ARGE nor the authors of this document accept any liability for any loss, injury or death arising from the incorrect selection or installation of components in reliance upon the general guidance contained in this document. Users must rely upon their own experience or obtain independent expert advice or guidance from the relevant authorities in the particular country. 7. Conclusion There are many reasons why a door should not be left open. The main aspect is of course fire protection. Further important points are for example security, avoidance of environmental influences like noise, energy control, and privacy. Controlled door closers and door closer systems are the most economic way to fulfil all these requirements, as all common applications can be achieved with a small number of basic components. The use of CE-marked products according to the European standards like EN 1154 is mandatory for fire and smoke doors. For standard doors, the use of certified products is also recommended, because they are subject to a continuous surveillance and quality control. If used according to the manufacturers specifications, they will assure safe and correct functionality of your doorset for a long time. ARGE Guidelines n 2 April 2011 Page 26/ 55

27 Acknowledgements This document has been prepared by ARGE Working Group C Standardisation Links to Building Hardware National Associations Please see ARGE website to get national associations links ARGE Guidelines n 2 April 2011 Page 27/ 55

28 APPENDIX 1 Why this guide? New Standards create higher demands European Standards for building hardware have been published over the years. Others are still in preparation by the CEN committees. Harmonised Standards have been mandated by the European Commission to meet the essential requirements of the Construction Product Directive. Accordingly, products complying with these Standards are entitled to carry the CE marking. The new regulations are still new to most of us and may seem difficult to understand. Demands for information and clarification are growing. European and National Standards These European Standards are (or will be) implemented in all member countries of the European Union. This means they are (will be) published as National Standards. All existing National Standards that conflict with them have been (or will be) withdrawn or amended. Guidelines, not a rulebook This handbook gives guidance to stakeholders in the choice, the installation and the maintenance of equipments for fire doors and doors situated on escape routes. Within the membership of ARGE there is a vast amount of expertise in the area of controlled door closing devices and their application in many countries throughout the world. Our aim with this document, is to share this expertise with you to help you to find a path through the complex rules and regulations surrounding this critically important subject. This handbook is not intended as a rulebook, rather as a practical help in finding a good solution. The final choice remains the responsibility of the decision maker A tool for better Design Specification This handbook is intended to be used when writing design specifications, installing or maintaining components. It will give practical guidance as well as information about formal regulations. If you have any of the following roles, this document has been prepared especially with you in mind:- Architect and specifier Security manager Fire officer Safety officer Government official Insurance assessor Police officer Security consultant Distributor General contractors Installer Maintenance company End user However, our expectation and hope is that anyone with an influence on the selection of hardware for fire doors and escape routes will find this document an invaluable source of information. ARGE members are at your disposal to bring you, if necessary, any additional information. ARGE Guidelines n 2 April 2011 Page 28/ 55

29 APPENDIX 2 The Construction Products Directive (CPD) and the Construction Products Regulation (CPR) The Construction Products Directive (Directive 89/106/EC) was adopted in 1989 and became law following national implementation in It established a single market in construction products, enabling products that satisfied harmonised technical specifications to bear the CE mark. The CE mark creates the legal presumption that a product bearing it complies with the health and safety requirements of the relevant directive. Such products are automatically granted access to the market in all member states. In the case of construction products, although a CE marked product can lawfully be offered for sale anywhere in the EU, local building regulations will determine whether it can be used in a particular application. In the majority of member states it is unlawful to place a construction product on the market without the CE mark once the harmonised technical specification has been published and the date for withdrawal of conflicting national standards has passed. Technical specifications Performance requirements The harmonised technical specifications lay down the performance requirements to be achieved by the products in order for the construction works in which they are to be installed to achieve the six Essential Requirements. These performance requirements are outlined in mandates for product families issued by the European Commission to CEN and other European standards organisations. Performance requirements may be expressed in levels or classes to enable the user to select the appropriate performance level for a specific application. In some cases, technical specifications contain extra requirements, in addition to those in the mandate, but compliance with these is not required for CE marking. (A list of harmonised standards can be found at: The six essential requirements are: 1. Mechanical resistance and stability 2. Safety in case of fire 3. Hygiene, health and the environment 4. Safety in use 5. Protection against noise 6. Energy economy and heat retention Evaluation of conformity As well as performance requirements, the standards detail how the conformity of the product is to be evaluated. This involves: 1. An initial type test (ITT) carried out on one or more samples of the product ARGE Guidelines n 2 April 2011 Page 29/ 55

30 2. Factory production control (FPC) to ensure that the products actually sold achieve the declared performance, which is based on the ITT. A quality system certified to ISO 9000 by an approved certification body will meet this requirement. Attestation of conformity The products in this document are to system 1 The CPD also establishes four levels of attestation of conformity, describing the attestation process required to support the CE mark and its associated declaration of conformity. The highest level, intended for safety-critical products, requires an approved certification body to be involved in surveillance and assessment of the factory production control and of the product itself. The lowest level allocates these responsibilities to the manufacturer: Factory Production Initial Type Test Control System 1 (highest) Notified Body Notified Body System 2 Notified Body Manufacturer System 3 Manufacturer Notified Body System 4 (lowest) Manufacturer Manufacturer System 1 includes, optionally, audit testing of production samples by the notified body. System 2 includes an option for testing of production samples by the manufacturer. Which system and option applies to a particular product or application is decided by the European Commission and laid down in the mandate. This information is then included in an informative annex (annex Z) to the harmonised technical specification. In addition, this annex details the clauses within the standard with which compliance is essential to permit CE marking. Notified bodies are test houses and certification bodies which have been designated by member states to carry out conformity assessment for particular product areas; a list can be found at The harmonised technical specifications may include levels or classes of performance for particular product attributes. This is to accommodate, inter alia, differences in national regulatory requirements. It is important to note that compliance with a European standard, and compliance with the harmonised clauses of that standard, are not necessarily the same thing: In EN 1154 (controlled door closing devices), all the performance requirements in the standard are relevant to the product s ability to close and retain a fire-resisting door in position. Consequently, a CE marked product must both comply in full with the standard and with the requirements of EN 1154 Annex Z. However, a product complying with the standard but not Annex Z could not carry the CE marking: CE mark and EN 1154 EN 1154 only ARGE Guidelines n 2 April 2011 Page 30/ 55

31 Responsibility The person responsible for compliance with the CPD is whoever first places the product on the EU market. Typically this will be the manufacturer, but, for a manufacturer based outside the EU, it may be an importer or agent, depending on circumstances. A retailer or distributor may be responsible if the product is marketed under their name. Applying the CE mark The responsible person must provide a declaration of conformity (or, where an approved certification body is involved, obtain a certificate of conformity) for the product. That person may then apply the CE marking to the product, to an attached label or to accompanying documentation as detailed in the relevant harmonised standard. The CE mark is a statement that the product complies with all relevant directives; electricallypowered products may also need to comply with the Low Voltage Directive, the Electro-Magnetic Compatibility Directive and the Machinery Directive. Future developments the Construction Products Regulation The Construction Products Directive will be replaced in July 2013 by the Construction Products Regulation. EU regulations are directly enforceable in member states; there will be no requirement for national implementation as there was in the case of the existing directive. This means that interpretation and enforcement should be more uniform across the EU. Other changes in the draft document include: There will be a seventh essential requirement: Sustainable use of natural resources which requires recyclability of construction works, materials and parts, durability of works and use of environmentally compatible raw and secondary materials. This requirement will only apply in a country when the necessary legislation has become law in that country. It will be an offence in all member states to place on the market a construction product without the CE marking where the product is covered by a harmonised standard. Obligations of manufacturers, representatives, importers and distributors are explicitly stated. Simplified procedures are described for micro-enterprises and individually manufactured products. Attestation of conformity is altered slightly. New system Equivalent under existing system 1 1 With audit testing by notified body 2 1 Without audit testing by notified body 3 2 With testing of production samples by manufacturer The existing system 2 option without testing of production samples by the manufacturer has disappeared. ARGE Guidelines n 2 April 2011 Page 31/ 55

32 Factory Production Control (FPC) 1 General European Guideline no 2 The product standard requires the manufacturer to maintain a FPC system to ensure that the hardware components actually sold achieve the declared performance, which is based on the results of the Initial Type Test (ITT). The system consists of: Written procedures; Regular inspections; Tests and/or assessments; Use of the results to control raw materials, components, equipment, production process and product; Records of the inspections, tests, assessments and any action taken. Note that: Records must be stored in a secure and retrievable way for a minimum of 10 years after production of the hardware component in question has ended. The procedures must ensure that production tolerances allow for the hardware component to achieve the declared performance. The procedures must specify the action to be taken when control values or criteria are not met. The manufacturer must record the process of verification, including at least the following information: identification of the hardware component tested, the date of sampling and testing, the test methods performed, the test results, person responsible for the verification. 2 Personnel The responsibilities of staff managing or performing work affecting product conformity must be defined in the written procedures. This is particularly important for those responsible for preventing non-conformities or responsible for action to be taken in the event of non-conformities. Staff must be competent to perform the work involved and records must include relevant details of individuals skills, training and experience. 3 Equipment Weighing, measuring and testing equipment must be calibrated and all equipment used in testing and production must be regularly inspected and maintained to ensure consistency in the manufacturing process. This process must be carried out in accordance with the written procedures and the results recorded. ARGE Guidelines n 2 April 2011 Page 32/ 55

33 4 Design process The written procedures must include descriptions of the various stages in the design process, who is responsible at each stage and what checks are to be carried out. All such checks must be recorded, including results and action taken; records must be sufficient to demonstrate that the design process and all the checks have been satisfactorily completed. 5 Raw materials and components The procedures must include specifications for incoming materials and also details of the inspection scheme for ensuring their conformity. 6 Production process control The procedures must identify the key stages during the production process, the checks to be carried out and who is responsible. Results of tests must be recorded, as must any corrective action taken. The aim is to ensure that only products which have passed the intermediate controls are dispatched. 7 Traceability and marking The procedures must include regular checking of traceability codes and markings. 8 Non-conforming products The procedures must document how non-conforming hardware components are dealt with. Any such events must be recorded and the records retained for the specified period. 9 Corrective action The procedures must instigate action to eliminate the cause of nonconformities in order to prevent recurrence. 10 Handling, storage, packaging The procedures must provide methods of product handling and storage to prevent damage or deterioration. ARGE Guidelines n 2 April 2011 Page 33/ 55