Prolonging work life in Norway in a Nordic context

Transcription

1 Lapland, Finland March Prolonging work life in Norway in a Nordic context Björn Halvorsen Norwegian Ministry of Labour (and Social Affairs) Nordic Centre for Welfare and Social Issues Nordens Velfærdscenter 1

2 There are good reasons for prolonging work life Ageing population, welfare and inter generational sustainability Replacement of older workers by younger workers during recessions do not work Rescource perspective: It is vasting not to make use of older worker`s resources Preferences: Most seniors and elderly people prefer to work Arbejdsinkludering 2

3 Ageing population in the Nordic Countries Number of persons 65 years and older / number of persons yerars. Per cent Years 2010 (blue bars, 2030 (red bars), 2050 (green bars) Danmark Finland Island Norge Sverige Arbejdsinkludering 3

4 Quite a lot of new born children, and we live quite a long time in the Nordic Countries Fertiliy Number of new born babies per woman 2010 Danmark 1,9 Longevity Statistically expected longevity 2010 Men Women Danmark 77,2 81,4 Finland 1,9 Finland 76,9 83,5 Island 2,2 Island 79,8 84,1 Norge 2,0 Norge 79,0 83,3 Sverige 1,8 Sverige 79,6 83,6 Europa (56) 1,8 Europa (56) 73,9 80, Arbejdsinkludering 4

5 Most of us can expect to have quite a lot of good remaining years to live after the age of 65 Expected number Expected number Per cent of remaining of remaining years of years in good health years in good health Men Women Men Women Men Women Danmark 16,8 19,5 11,2 12,0 66,9 61,5 Finland 17,3 21,5 8,1 8,9 46,9 41,4 Island 18,6 21,0 12,7 13,6 68,3 64,6 Norge 18,0 21,1 13,5 14,0 75,2 66,3 Sverige 18,2 21,2 13,6 14,6 74,8 69,1 EU 27 17,2 20,7 8,2 8,4 47,8 40, numbers Kilde: Eurostat: Active Ageing and solidarity between generations. A statsistical portrait of the European Union Arbejdsinkludering 5

6 Arbejdsinkludering 6

7 Seniors, work and retirement in the Nordic countries Arbejdsinkludering 7

8 High and Stable Senior Labour Force Participation Source: Eurostat Employment rate (%) for people years in the Nordic countries and EU Prosent Danmark Finland Island Norge Sverige EU27 ÅR Arbejdsinkludering 8

9 Senior employment rates in the Nordic countries by sex and age groups 2001 and 2011 Män Kvinnor År 2001 År 2011 År 2001 År år EU 27 80,4 81,9 59,7 69,6 Danmark 86,0 83,6 76,1 80,0 Finland 79,9 81,6 80,5 82,8 Sverige 86,4 88,3 83,1 85,5 Island 95,5 86,6 87,2 85,3 Norge 88,5 86,0 78,9 81, år EU 27 62,7 70,3 40,1 55,2 Danmark 77,3 78,1 69,5 74,8 Finland 60,6 70,5 64,2 74,9 Sverige 79,5 83,7 76,2 80,3 Island 95,9 84,0 81,7 81,1 Norge 82,0 81,7 70,6 76, år EU 27 31,3 39,0 16,2 24,5 Danmark 43,3 49,6 24,2 36,2 Finland 28,4 43,3 22,1 40,4 Sverige 54,2 68,1 46,3 58,2 Island 89,8 79,8 74,7 70,7 Norge 55,9 63,8 47,3 55, Arbejdsinkludering 9

10 Rather high and slightly increasing average retirement ages Source: Eurostat Danmark 64 Finland 62 Island Norge 60 Sverige 58 EU Arbejdsinkludering 10

11 Retirement take off in the 60 ies Prevalence of Pensioners 50 years and older in the Nordic countries 2010 Sources: Eurostat, Nososko, National Statistics. NVC år år år år år Danmark Finland Island Norge Sverige Arbejdsinkludering 11

12 Main reasons why retired seniors say that they have left the labour market in the Nordic countries. Per cent Early old age Sickness / Family Can`t get Other Sum pension Disability care a job reasons Danmark Finland Island Norge Sverige EU numbers Source: Eurostat: Active Ageing and solidarity between generations. A statistical portrait of the European Union Arbejdsinkludering 12

13 Seniors` main exit routes from work via social security schemes Prevalence of beneficiaries years old 2010/2011 Source: NVC / Halvorsen, based on national data Denmark Disability pension: 11% of 55 59, 15% of Flexjob: 3 of % and 2 % of (years) Flexi retirement: 34% of age group years Finland Unemployment pensjon: 8% of age group Disability pension: 16% of 55 59, 23% of Parttime pensjon: 2% of 55 59, 5% of ys Early old age pension: 28 % of age group Iceland Disability pension: years: M 7% K 12% : M 9% K 15% years: M 11% K 20% 65 66: M 16% K 25% Norway Work assessment allowance: ( max 4 years) 6 7% of age years, 2 3% of age years NIS Disability pension: 12% of % of % of % of age years Tripart Negotiated Early Retirement Pension (AFP): App 10% of age group years NIS Old Age Pension, early retirement years*: 12 13% 2011 (dec.) App 20% 2012 (dec.) * Implemented from 2011 Sweden Disability pension (sjukersettning): 15% of age years and 22% of years National Old age pension, early retirement: App 20 % of age group years old Arbejdsinkludering 13

14 What do people think about ageing, work and retirement? Special Eurobarometer 378 (2012) DK FI ICE NO SWE From when are people getting old? 64 years 65 years 65 years 67 years From when are people not young? 39 «39 «40 «37 «Concerned about an ageing population? 38% 46% 20% 20% 19% Should the retirement age be increased? 62% 34% 35% 45% 40% Should there exist age limits at work? 16% 35% 17% 32% 35% Should people be allowed to work beyond the retirement age? 93% 84% 88% 88% 86% Do you want to work beyond ret. age? 57% 35% 61% 70% 43% Do you want to work part time be ret. age? 87% 80% 86% 72% 90% Arbejdsinkludering 14

15 What do Norwegian Employee`s and Employers think? Norwegian Senior Policy Monitoring Barometer August 2012 Employees People are regarded as old from 58 years of age Average expected own retirement age: 65 6 of 10 aged 60+ regard themselves as old 5 of 10 think that the employer regard you as old 3 of look forward to go to job 6 of 10 think they master their job 4 10 look forward to retire would like to work after retirement age 5 of know their future pension 5 of 10 think that there should not be an upper age limit for working 2 of 10 have experienced age discrimination Employers People are regarded as old from 56 years of age 8 of 10 think it is an advantage that people work up to normal retirement 9 of 10: 50+ has the same opportunities to learn new things than younger 9 of 10: 50+ have good opportunities to get new tasks if they want so 9 of 10: 50+ as as good work achievements as younger workers 7 of 10: If downsizing, older workers should be dismissed before younger workers 2 of 3 who have hired new workers the last year, have not hired anyone aged of 10 say they have arranged /adapted the job better so that seniors will stay longer Arbejdsinkludering 15

16 Different ways of prolonging work life Stay keep on going Return after sickness, accidents, unemployment, disability Get a new job recruitment Arbejdsinkludering 16

17 Main Political Strategies for prolongingworklife in the Nordic countries Economic Policies Countercyclical in the short run. Structural at long sight Active Labour Market Policies Labour Environment Policies Pension reforms and age limits Other main social security reforms: Unemployment, sickness, rehab., disability Anti discrimination, information and influencing of attitudes

18 What do the Nordic nabours do? (I) Denmark Retirement reform (Efterlønnsreform1999). Welfare reform (2006). Jobplan Lifelong learning ( ). Activation package for a good and long worklife for everybody (2012) Pension and retirement reforms (2011). Disability pension reform (2012) Non discrimination legislation due to age Finland Broad generation balance and inclusion (information) strategies Enterprise strategies for employment and entrepeneurship and Lifelong learning «preventive health and rehabilitation efforts / investments Pension reform and reconsideration of the social insurance system («sata committee») Non discrimination legistation forbids any kind of discrimination Iceland Iceland is on its way out of the crisis! Priority towards youth unemployment and old age care Lifelong learning and adult education by the university & social partners Overall retirement age at 67 and age limit at 70. No other early retirement scheme than disability pension Seniors and elderly people are highly estimated, useful and appreciated Arbejdsinkludering 18

19 What do the neighbours do? (II) Norway A job for everybody is this Government`s job number 1 ( prime minister Jens Stoltenberg) Economic Policy with primarly employement and sustainability goals IW Tripartite cooperation for an Inclusive Worklife (goal no 3: prolonging worklife) Pension reforms from : NIS Old Age and Disability Pension. + Enterprise Pensions Reconsider upper age limits in the working life (legal and negotiated) Non discrimination legislation, information and influence of attitudes (Centre for Senior Policy) Sweden SOU 2012: 28 Longer lives, longer worklives. Factors that encourage or limit longer worklives Economic policy aimed at public budget balance and stimulation by taxation incentives Action plan for work environment policy Reforms of Lag om Anstellningsskydd (LAS) Nystartjobb fra 2007 Old Age Pension reform from Reformes / tightening of the overall sickness, and disability social insurance Age discrimination forbidden from Monitoring implementation Arbejdsinkludering 19

20 Conclusions and Recommendations A comprehensive labour market inclusion policy is vital for sustainable welfare Broad strategies and solutions are needed it`s more than leisure and pensions Both universal and targeted solutions are needed in a well balanced mix Focus earlier and more on health and work environment Removing or raising age limits in working life Commitment to diversity in the workforce Commitment to seniors as resources and to lifelong learning Learning from our Nordic neighbours A comparative evaluation of the pension reforms in the Nordic region

21 Lapland, Finland March Thanks a lot for your attention and interest! A matter of health and job satisfaction Seniors, work and retirement in the Nordic Region Bjørn Halvorsen and Jenny Tagtstrom Nordic Council of Ministers, TemaNord 2013: / Nordens Velfærdscenter 21