Potentiality of carbon dioxide geological storage in Morocco. Cooperation with Iberian countries

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Bethanie Houston
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1 Potentiality of carbon dioxide geological storage in Morocco. Cooperation with Iberian countries R Martinez IGME 8 h CO 2 GeoNet Open Forum, April 9 11, 2013 Venice, San Servolo Island

2 Integrated infrastructure for transport and storage in the West Mediterranean! EU Collaborative Research Project funded by FP7! 17 partners from 7 countries in a 3 year project having the objective of:! Evaluation of transport and storage in a region where little attention had been dedicated before! In order to design a transport and storage infrastructure in the West Mediterranean! Economically effective! Technically viable! Taking in account different scenarios! Industrial and economic! Climate policy 8 th CO 2 GeoNet Open Forum, April Venice, San Servolo Island 2

Evaluation of transport and storage in a region where little attention had been dedicated before!

3 Project structure ONE WP1 Project management and coordina;on WP2 CO 2 emissions from the sources and predic;ons WP4 GIS integra;on of all the informa;on and elements of a CO 2 transmission network WP3 Iden;fica;on of the loca;ons and the storage capacity of poten;al sinks WP5 Na;onal energy systems and modelling MARKAL/TIMES of Portugal, Spain and Morocco WP6 Most promising transport infrastructure op;ons. Iden;fica;on of synergies and barriers WP7 Promo;on, Dissemina;on and Interna;onal collabora;on 8 th CO 2 GeoNet Open Forum, April Venice, San Servolo Island

energy systems and modelling MARKAL/TIMES of Portugal, Spain and Morocco WP6 Most promising transport infrastructure op;ons.

4 47% 10% Evaluating sources CO 2 emixers by sector in Morocco 7% 36%! Per capita emission in Morocco much lower than in Iberian countries! Large emission by cement industry! Near zero activity in other large industrial sectors CO 2 emixers by sector in Portugal 6% 41% 17% 9% 6% 3% 18% Power and heat genera.on Oil Refineries Cement Plant Pulp & Paper Iron & Steel Glass Other Industry 8 th CO 2 GeoNet Open Forum, April Venice, San Servolo Island

Near zero activity in other large industrial sectors CO 2 emixers by sector in Portugal 6% 41% 17% 9% 6% 3% 18%

5 Evaluating sources! A vast majority of the sources are located in the Northern part of the country, close to the Atlantic! Only one very large emitter! Morocco expected to grow faster than Portugal and Spain! But emissions will tend to be in the same areas 8 th CO 2 GeoNet Open Forum, April Venice, San Servolo Island 5

close to the Atlantic! Only one very large emitter!

6 Storage options. WP3 MAIN GOAL: Identification and evaluation of storage sites in the Iberian Peninsula and Morocco. Work planned in 4 tasks: - Task 3.1: Definition of criteria for site selection and methodology for calculation of storage capacity - Task 3.2: Identification of potential storage sites in Portugal and Morocco and update in Spain - Task 3.3: Theoretical storage capacity calculation of the identified potential storage sites - Task 3.4: Database with relevant parameters to facilitate GIS works

1: Definition of criteria for site selection and methodology for calculation of storage capacity - Task 3.

7 Morocco: Sedimentary basins Basin Mediterranean Gharb Essaouira Abda- Doukkala Souss Type Back arc Foreland RiB Tiasic rib RiB Surface ( Km²) Used Wells/Total wells 0 /2 2/53 12/44 2/11 0/9 Bedrock Messinian Miocene sup Cretaceous Silurian and Jurassic black clay Silurian and Devonian clay Reservoir Miocene Sand Turbdi.c sand Triassic sand Devonian Recif Seal Miopliocene Clay The resul.ng sink inventory is based on data compiled by Moroccan Office of Hydrocarbon and Mining (ONHYM), which consist on 20 oil, gas fields and 12 deep saline aquifers. There are totally onshore sinks, since the most part of the off shore wells are s.ll proper.es of petroleum companies The Essaouira (westernmost High Atlas) and the Gharb basin ( Rif ), are thought to be the most promising onshore regions, however the Garb trap remain Small and geologically complex Apart from the Moroccan fields, the hydrocarbon field in the Alboran could be inves.gated as a shared area. Salt of Trias and Malm anhydrites Ap.an- Albian clay Sand of Trias and Dogger Lias, sand and carbonate of Cretaceous Devonian clays, Liasic and Triasic salt, Marl of Anhydri.c Carbonate Jurasic Cretaceous

c sand Triassic sand Devonian Recif Seal Miopliocene Clay The resul.

8 Morocco: Sedimentary basins: Essaouira Data sources: Geometry from wells and digitized geological maps Porosity from matrix porosity (cores and well logs) Temperature maps from digitized contour lines Pressure maps fom depth/pressure cross plots Modelling of two Jurassic reservoirs (Rauracian and Argovian), using wells and outcrop data Elevation and depth maps Thickness maps Porosity maps Temperature and Pressure maps

Pressure maps fom depth/pressure cross plots Modelling of two Jurassic reservoirs (Rauracian and

9 Morocco: Sedimentary basins: Essaouira Gridding! Specifications! Orgin: x: 65000, y: 50000; mesh size in x,y: 500m; number of mesh along x,y: 207, 213! Coordinates: Lambert Nord Maroc, datum Merchich.! Ground elevation: SRTM DTM with at 90 m horizontal resolution adopted by the COMET project! System of stacked grids used for computing:! Pore volume from thickness and porosity! Supercritical area from pressure and temperature! CO 2 volumetric mass from areaweighted average P and T! Bulk storage capacity Pore volume and supercritical areas distribution within Rauracian and Argovian aquifers > 9

! Ground elevation: SRTM DTM with at 90 m horizontal resolution adopted by the COMET project! System of stacked grids used for computing:!

10 Morocco: Sedimentary basins: Essaouira Estimations by regional aquifers Mm 3 Pore volume supercritical 261 Mm 3 Storable 2% S eff 58 C Average temperature 121 Kg/cm 2 Average pressure 426 Kg/M 3 Average Rho CO P & T 111 Mt Storage capacity Mm 3 Pore volume supercritical 422 Mm 3 Storable 2% S eff 59 C Average temperature 125 Kg/cm2 Average pressure 442 Kg/M 3 Average Rho CO P & T 187 Mt Storage capacity! The total estimated capacity is 298 Mt for the two connected reservoirs! Given a Seff = 2% and for matrix porosity only! Does not take into account the fractured reservoir! Can be concentrated in a few major structures Pore volume and estimated storage capacity of the Rauracian reservoir Pore volume and estimated storage capacity of the Argovian reservoir > 10

$Does not take into account the fractured reservoir!$

11 Morocco: Sedimentary basins: Essaouira Estimations by structure Storage capacity of structures for Seff = 0.5 Well_name Pore_vol_Mm3 Rho_CO 2_Kg/m3 Storage_Cap_Mt Age Lithology GT Rauracian-Argovian Dolomite KE Argovian Limestone DIR Dogger Sandstone BZ Triassic Sandstone MKL Triassic Sandstone RH Argovian Limestone MKL Triassic Sandstone ZEL-101 bis Triassic Sandstone Total > 11

719 75 Argovian Limestone DIR-1 173 775 67 Dogger Sandstone BZ-1 48 718 17 Triassic Sandstone MKL-101 35 905 16 Triassic

12 Conclusions! Storage capacity evaluation limited to a few accessible areas: ca. 0.6 Mt! Offshore data was not available and borehole data linked to oil industry not permitted to use! Low capacity numbers have an influence in COMET results! There is a potential development of CGS in Morocco through CDM s! Lack of interest from authorities will probably exist until economics are much more favourable! Bilateral programmes with Spain and Portugal are available and might be the tool for further development 8 th CO 2 GeoNet Open Forum, April Venice, San Servolo Island 12

Low capacity numbers have an influence in COMET results! There is a potential development of CGS in Morocco through CDM s!

13 An example of infrastructure to 2050 evolution in a conservative case M= 57 Mt/yr M= 142 Mt/yr 8 th CO 2 GeoNet Open Forum, April Venice, San Servolo Island 13

14 Thanks for your attention! Based on the work developed by the COMET Project team. Special thanks to Yves-Michel Le Nindre and Júlio Carneiro 8 th CO 2 GeoNet Open Forum, April Venice, San Servolo Island 14

Deep Geothermal energy and groundwater in

Deep Geothermal energy and groundwater in the UK Jon Busby Deep Geothermal energy and groundwater in the UK Outline 1. UK geothermal 2. Deep saline aquifers 3. Engineered geothermal systems 4. Fractured