Australian Pine Log Price Index

Transcription

1 Australian Pine Log Price Index Updated to June 28 : ADVISORY

2 This page has been intentionally left blank. Advisory This report contains 39 pages HVP8 Jan - Jun (Public Version) 26 KPMG, an Australian partnership, is part of the KPMG International network. KPMG International

3 Contents 1 About the Pine Log Index Summary Small s Intermediate s Medium s Large s Preservation logs Pulplogs Salvage logs Export s and export pulplogs 15 3 Index methodology Scope Price calculations Comments on the structure of the Index 19 HVP8 Jan - Jun (Public Version)Final 24 September 28 i

4 Disclaimer Inherent Limitations This report has been prepared as outlined in Sections 1 and 3 of this report, and the procedures outlined in Section 3 constitute neither an audit nor a comprehensive review of operations. The findings in this report are based on data provided by Queensland DPI Forestry, State Forests NSW, ACT Parks Conservation and Lands, HVP Plantations and Forestry SA ( the Grower Organisations ). Any projection to the wider softwood industry is subject to the level of bias in the method of sample selection. No warranty of completeness, accuracy or reliability is given in relation to the statements and representations made by, and the information and documentation provided by, the Grower Organisations consulted as part of the process. KPMG has indicated within this report the sources of the information provided. We have not sought to independently verify those sources unless otherwise noted within the report. KPMG is under no obligation in any circumstance to update this report, in either oral or written form, for events occurring after the report has been issued in final form. The findings in this report have been formed on the above basis. Third Party Reliance This report is solely for the purpose set out in Sections 1 and 3 of this report and for the Grower Organisations information, and is not to be used for any other purpose or distributed to any other party without KPMG s prior written consent. This report has been prepared at the request of the HVP Plantations in accordance with the terms of KPMG s engagement letter dated 18 December 2. Other than our responsibility to HVP Plantations, neither KPMG nor any member or employee of KPMG undertakes responsibility arising in any way from reliance placed by a third party on this report. Any reliance placed is that party s sole responsibility. HVP8 Jan - Jun (Public Version)Final 24 September 28 1

5 1 About the Pine Log Index The ( the Index ) is compiled by KPMG using data provided by Australian softwood growers. The Index documents changes in pine log prices achieved by large-scale commercial plantation owners selling common grades of plantation softwood logs to domestic processors. KPMG updates the Index biannually, with the two reporting periods being January to June and July to December. The Index has a base period of January to June KPMG acts as the independent Index manager and collects confidential data on log volumes and stumpage values for all sales, including long and short-term contracts and spot transactions, at the end of each reporting period. Quantity information on export s and export pulpwood is also provided. The following report presents the result of the Index from January 1995 to June 28. The prices for all classes of s, preservation logs and export s are reported in dollars per cubic metre ($/m 3 ). The prices for the pulplogs and export pulplogs are reported in dollars per tonne ($/t). Contributions to the Index are made by major growers who are involved in the growing and management of softwood plantations in southern and eastern Australia. The list of growers is shown in Table 1. Table 1: Grower contributors State/Territory Grower organisation Region Australian Capital Territory Parks Conservation and Lands 1 ACT New South Wales State Forests NSW Bathurst Tumut Queensland South Australia Queensland DPI Forestry Forestry SA SE Queensland Lofty Ranges Green Triangle Mid North Ballarat La Trobe Victoria HVP Plantations 2 Victoria NE Victoria SW Please note that Parks, Conservation and Lands has informed us that the ACT Government is still undecided as to the future of the plantation in the ACT, and as such there was no harvest for this period. This report updates the for the period of. 1 Parks Conservation and Lands was previously known as ACT Forests. 2 Hancock Victorian Plantations recent amended their trading name to HVP Plantations 1

6 2 2.1 Summary The following table summarises the Index data since January The Index is calculated on weighted average prices using the period of January to June 1998 as a base of 1. For the period of, the small index decreased from the July to December 27 period by 3 points, whereas the intermediate, medium and large indices all returned increases. The preservation log index recorded a decrease of 4 points, whilst the pulplog index recorded an increase of 1 points. The salvage log index decreased by 11 points. Table 2: Summary of Index data. Refer to Table 3 for specification of prices and other data. Jan 95 Jun 95 Small Intermed. Australian Pine Log Index Domestic Medium Large Preservation Pulplog Salvage log Index Maximum $ $38.97 $62.78 $87.13 $17.99 $18. $13.23 $31.23 Minimum $ $17.9 $33.34 $39.5 $41.5 $12.25 $8.69 $8.21 Sawlog Export Pulplog Weighted Av. $ $32. $45.38 $6.29 $68.82 $14.9 $11.5 $12.28 m 3 or tonnes 3 539,82 491, ,86 245,444 87,786 1,29,715t 83,36 Jul 95 Dec 95 Index Maximum $ $39.82 $64.14 $89.3 $11.34 $19.1 $13.22 $19.17 Minimum $ $18.63 $31. $45.43 $49.2 $6.47 $8.32 $14.86 Weighted Av. $ $33.85 $48.99 $64.78 $73.66 $15.93 $1.29 $17.17 m 3 or tonnes 1 518,31 499,672 48, ,71 97, ,294t 8, Jan 96 Jun 96 Index Maximum $ $41.59 $66.99 $92.99 $ $19.1 $13.19 $25.43 Minimum $ $19.28 $31.77 $4.86 $44.16 $1.42 $8.86 $12.39 Weighted Av. $ $37.63 $51.39 $65.1 $74.51 $15.84 $1.28 $16.42 m 3 or tonnes 1 42, , , ,21 99,17 629,134t 65,115 4,214 Jul 96 Dec 96 Index Maximum $ $4.81 $65.74 $91.25 $113.9 $19.1 $14.5 $23.9 Minimum $ $18.7 $29.74 $43.34 $4.4 $1.1 $8.48 $17.33 Weighted Av. $ $37.39 $5.91 $64.72 $74.31 $15.85 $9.64 $2.38 m 3 or tonnes 1 418, ,774 3, ,561 18,782 72,164t 52,379 1,644 3 All pulplogs are measured in tonnes. 2

7 Jan 97 - Jun 97 Small Intermed. Medium Australian Pine Log Index Domestic Large Preservation Pulplog Salvage Log Index Maximum $ $4.5 $65.25 $9.56 $ $19.1 $12.87 $3. Minimum $ $2.8 $31.45 $41.37 $41.4 $11. $9.35 $12.64 Sawlog Export Pulplog Weighted Av. $ $36.63 $48.49 $62.68 $72.81 $16.74 $1.31 $2.18 m 3 or tonnes 1 454, , , ,134 84, ,49t 65,5 13,637 Jul 97 - Dec 97 Index Maximum $ $4.33 $64.97 $9.17 $ $19.1 $14.16 $21.22 Minimum $ $15.3 $3.28 $44.22 $34.39 $11. $9.74 $16.11 Weighted Av. $ $34.39 $44.65 $59.27 $69.61 $17.53 $11. $17.84 m 3 or tonnes 1 53,256 61,333 57, ,229 17,22 1,37,717t 61,44 67,87 9,64t Jan 98 - Jun 98 Index Maximum $ $39.5 $62.9 $87.3 $18.2 $23.22 $13.94 $2.17 Minimum $ $14.24 $3.82 $44.52 $44.34 $1.7 $6.84 $11.46 Weighted Av. $ $32.23 $44.4 $61.43 $71.99 $18.7 $1.56 $18.3 m 3 or tonnes 1 583,2 774, , ,16 141, ,222t 98,23 13,654 5,211t Jul 98 - Dec 98 Index Maximum $ $4.6 $64.53 $89.57 $111.2 $23.98 $14.42 $25.5 Minimum $ $15.4 $32.99 $47.61 $5.94 $1.13 $8.35 $9.22 Weighted Av. $ $33.44 $45.74 $64.43 $75.9 $2.56 $1.5 $21.62 m 3 or tonnes 1 554, , ,534 25,3 126,514 9,351t 1,626 46,667 49,467t Jan 99 - Jun 99 Index Maximum $ $38.93 $62.71 $87.4 $17.88 $23.54 $11.89 $23.91 Minimum $ $15.93 $33.84 $49.98 $53.45 $11.49 $9.7 $8.55 Weighted Av. $ $31.57 $43.9 $62.52 $74.7 $19.98 $1.35 $21.5 m 3 or tonnes 1 585, ,543 56, ,88 14,97 983,519t 19,748 93,874 53,533t Jul 99 - Dec 99 4 Index Maximum $ $41.7 $66.16 $91.83 $ $23.69 $12.79 $22.37 Minimum $ $13.21 $21.6 $51. $54.51 $5.31 $9.32 $9.5 Weighted Av. $ $33.37 $44.5 $63.89 $76.41 $2.44 $1.18 $19.94 m 3 or tonnes 1 627,44 742, , ,685 97, ,547t 98,493 87,257 87,673t 1 All pulplogs are measured in tonnes. 4 The period July to December 1999 includes only four months data from one grower. 3

8 Jan - Jun Small Intermed. Medium Australian Pine Log Index Domestic Large Preservation Pulplog Salvage Log Index Maximum $ $4.58 $65.37 $9.74 $ $23.7 $12.78 $27.18 Minimum $ $15.56 $27.58 $45.7 $52.18 $7.51 $7.56 $4.9 Sawlog Export Pulplog Weighted Av. $ $32.72 $44.27 $64.89 $76.9 $2.76 $9.67 $23.9 m 3 or tonnes 1 721, , , ,175 73,95 893,35t 119,697 13, ,425t Jul - Dec Index Maximum $ $44.79 $65.23 $9.54 $ $23.59 $13.7 $24.68 Minimum $ $6.43 $17.52 $35.4 $43.8 $13.15 $7.75 $8.46 Weighted Av. $ $34.1 $44.87 $66.68 $78.87 $19.88 $9.4 $22. m 3 or tonnes 1 61, ,26 464, ,482 89,325 1,93,219t 94,779 18, ,38t Jan 1 Jun 1 Index Maximum $ $49.98 $63.64 $88.33 $19.48 $21.97 $14.39 $22.46 Minimum $ $7.74 $2.31 $39.74 $47.49 $12.5 $7.73 $18. Weighted Av. $ $34.9 $44.32 $65.58 $77.33 $19.62 $9.16 $21.25 m 3 or tonnes 1 536,88 692, , ,172 17,888 2,89,265t 79,76 131, ,673t Jul 1 Dec 1 Index Maximum $ $43.69 $62.11 $86.21 $16.84 $23.95 $17.24 $26.57 Minimum $ $14.67 $28.3 $44.17 $52.5 $12.42 $4. $5.95 Weighted Av. $ $33.41 $45.46 $63.23 $75.3 $18.42 $9.49 $23.29 m 3 or tonnes 1 624, ,31 539,48 172,391 13,89 1,157,145t 94, ,933 14,172t Jan 2 Jun 2 Index Maximum $ $46. $64.8 $89.94 $ $25.14 $15.91 $25.55 Minimum $ $13.73 $27.34 $46.23 $52.26 $1.64 $2. $5.32 Weighted Av. $ $33.59 $45.64 $64.39 $77.22 $18.66 $9.87 $23.5 m 3 or tonnes 1 672, ,71 562,747 22, ,744 1,73,838t 85,132 15, ,46t Jul 2 Dec 2 Index Maximum $ $39.59 $63.77 $88.51 $19.7 $22.91 $21.3 $26.62 Minimum $ $17.49 $29.65 $44.6 $5.91 $11.3 $2. $14.44 Weighted Av. $ $34.1 $46.59 $66.3 $77.25 $2.67 $9.42 $24.6 m 3 or tonnes 1 73,66 837, ,885 26, ,54 1,58,889t 95, , ,675t 4

9 Jan 3 Jun 3 Small Intermed. Medium Australian Pine Log Index Domestic Large Preservation Pulplog Salvage Log Index Maximum $ $4.48 $65.21 $9.51 $ $24.17 $15.87 $28.55 Minimum $ $14.87 $27.4 $42.84 $51.22 $12.61 $2.3 $15.25 Sawlog Export Pulplog Weighted Av. $ $33.7 $47.53 $65.35 $76.22 $2.24 $1. $24.39 m 3 or tonnes 1 799,14 789, ,361 28, ,162 1,14,614t 194,832 74, ,567t Jul 3 Dec 3 Index Maximum $ $4.79 $65.71 $91.21 $113.5 $28.57 $19.14 $27.86 Minimum $ $7.24 $13.74 $39.5 $52.54 $1.64 $.85 $15.86 Weighted Av. $ $34.41 $47.19 $65.39 $78.51 $19.85 $1.7 $22.35 m 3 or tonnes 1 832, , ,815 27,87 138,296 1,293,95t 111,481 81,8 75,274t Jan 4 Jun 4 Index Maximum $ $4.54 $65.3 $9.63 $ $26.78 $17.34 $24.4 Minimum $ $1.25 $15.7 $37.11 $54.31 $13.88 $1.48 $4.68 Weighted Av. $ $32.95 $46.14 $64.33 $77.65 $2.99 $8.93 $18.82 m 3 or tonnes 1 777, , , ,364 1,574 1,228,894t 117,328 83, ,642t Jul 4 Dec 4 Index Maximum $ $41.24 $66.43 $92.2 $ $28.2 $16.89 $27.54 Minimum $ $14.52 $21.59 $41.36 $54.84 $11.64 $2.27 $8.17 Weighted Av. $ $34.6 $46.32 $67.6 $78.82 $22.13 $9.47 $25.8 m 3 or tonnes 1 794, ,152 6, , ,262 1,183,999t 62,3 28,497 5,461t Jan 5 Jun 5 Index Maximum $ $41.8 $66.18 $91.86 $ $25.54 $16.67 $26.76 Minimum $ $5.8 $12.35 $38.91 $44.76 $14.37 $.7 $7.42 Weighted Av. $ $35.26 $47.43 $68.17 $8.15 $22.65 $9.27 $23.49 m 3 or tonnes 1 723,447 83,2 559,62 212,472 14,427 1,34,779t 7,65 36,79 74,195t 5

10 Jul 5 Dec 5 Small Intermed. Medium Australian Pine Log Index Domestic Large Preservation Pulplog Salvage Log Index Maximum $ $4.75 $65.65 $91.12 $ $27.1 $13.22 $23.1 Minimum $ $7.4 $13.1 $37.38 $45.39 $ $(4.53) $1.93 Sawlog Export Pulplog Weighted Av. $ $34.69 $47.56 $65.99 $78.52 $22.6 $8.96 $2.8 m 3 or tonnes 1 75, , ,575 26,849 88,773 1,248,517t 98,18 57,599 27,812t Jan 6 Jun 6 Index Maximum $ $4.23 $64.8 $89.95 $ $29.47 $2.67 $29.48 Minimum $ $8.48 $14.12 $36.71 $45.5 $ $(4.14) $16.92 Weighted Av. $ $34.6 $47.16 $66.52 $8.39 $23.37 $1.2 $24.58 m 3 or tonnes 1 771, ,386 68,645 23,7 94,965 1,182,8t 16,198 28,138 56,84t July 6 Dec 6 Index Maximum $ $39.22 $63.17 $87.68 $18.67 $ $34.9 Minimum $ $4.6 $12.34 $41.88 $55.8 $ $(5.23) $17.72 Weighted Av. $ $33.97 $46.49 $66.6 $83.47 $22.35 $9.87 $25.19 m3 or tonnes 1 787,85 881, , ,456 97,939 1,253,484 15,381 21,27 36,845t Jan 7 Jun 7 Index Maximum $ $4.23 $64.8 $89.94 $ $32.39 $21.18 $28. Minimum $ $5.11 $11.47 $4.48 $54.24 $ ( $6.58) $17.99 Weighted Av. $ $34.89 $46.6 $64.33 $79.21 $22.9 $1.66 $25.98 m3 or tonnes 1 788,292 97,896 74, ,216 97,9 1,13,512 14,777 26,447 12,38t July 7 Dec 7 Index Maximum $ $41.17 $66.32 $92.6 $114.1 $33.73 $25. $29.13 Minimum $ $8.44 $15.84 $44.88 $58.86 $ ($7.25) $14.49 Weighted Av. $ $34.78 $46.4 $64.63 $78.46 $22.25 $9.33 $27.67 m3 or tonnes 1 777, , ,47 239,8 117,299 1,62,186 19,934 9,62 137,427t 1 All pulplogs are measured in tonnes. 5 One grower reported a negative price for pulplogs. The grower has confirmed to KPMG that this is correct and that the negative price should be reported in the Index. It has came about through predetermined contract prices and rising haulage and fuel costs. 6

11 Australian Pine Log Index Domestic Small Intermed. Medium Large Salvage Preservation Pulplog Log Jan 8 June 8 Index Maximum $ Minimum $ Sawlog Export Pulplog Weighted Av. $ m3 or tonnes 1 921,386 1,15, ,924 23, ,397 1,77,55 18,696 12, ,235 7

12 2.2 Small s Small s are all logs suitable for sawmilling with a diameter of less than 24. centimetres small end diameter under bark. Number of average price changes Reasons for changes greater than 1 percent Increase 5 Changes greater than 1 percent 2 Decrease 5 Growers reporting sales 1 Reported reasons for changes: Revised pricing associated with the commencement of mill door delivery. Smaller volumes of log intake between customers resulted in price increase. The charts below and in the remainder of section 2 report on the Index values, volumes or weights and the maximum, minimum and weighted average prices for each class of log. Small Sawlogs $5. $4. $3. $2. $1. $ Maximum ($/m3) Minimum ($/m3) Weighted Average ($/m3) Small Sawlogs m3 1,2, 1 1,, 8 8, 6 6, 4 4, 2 2, Index Volume (m3) 8

13 2.3 Intermediate s Intermediate s are all logs suitable for sawmilling. Their small end diameter under bark ranges from 24. centimetres to 31.9 centimetres. Number of average price changes Reasons for changes greater than 1 percent Increase 7 Changes greater than 1 percent 2 Decrease 3 Growers reporting sales 1 Reported reasons for changes: Variation in the ratio of log intake between customers. Intermediate Sawlogs $7. $6. $5. $4. $3. $2. $1. $ Maximum ($/m3) Minimum ($/m3) Weighted Average ($/m3) 12 Intermediate Sawlogs m3 1,2, 1 1,, 8 8, 6 6, 4 4, 2 2, Index Volume (m3) 9

14 2.4 Medium s Medium s are all logs suitable for sawmilling with a diameter range between 31.9 centimetres and 43.9 centimetres small end diameter under bark. Number of average price changes Reasons for changes greater than 1 percent Increase 6 Changes greater than 1 percent 1 Decrease 2 Growers reporting sales 8 Reported reason for change: Smaller volume of logs sold delivered higher prices. Medium Sawlogs $1. $8. $6. $4. $2. $ Maximum ($/m3) Minimum ($/m3) Weighted Average ($/m3) Medium Sawlogs m3 12 1,, 9, 1 8, 8 7, 6, 6 5, 4 4, 3, 2 2, 1, Index Volume (m3) 1

15 2.5 Large s Large s are all s suitable for sawmilling with a diameter greater than 43.9 centimetres small end diameter under bark. Number of average price changes Reasons for changes greater than 1 percent Increase 6 Changes greater than 1 percent Decrease 2 Growers reporting sales 9 6 Reported reason for change: Smaller volume of logs sold delivered higher prices. Large Sawlogs $12. $1. $8. $6. $4. $2. $ Maximum ($/m3) Minimum ($/m3) Weighted Average ($/m3) 12 Large Sawlogs m 3, 1 25, 8 2, 6 15, 4 1, 2 5, Index Volume (m3) 6 A grower reported no change in prices for the period. 11

16 2.6 Preservation logs Preservation logs are those sold to domestic treatment plants for use as poles, rails and posts. Posts generally form the majority of sales by volume. Number of average price changes Reasons for changes greater than 1 percent Increase 5 Changes greater than 1 percent 2 Decrease 2 Growers reporting sales 7 Reported reasons for changes: Smaller volumes of logs sold received higher prices. Preservation Logs $35. $3. $25. $2. $15. $1. $5. $ Maximum ($/m3) Minimum ($/m3) Weighted Average ($/m3) Preservation Logs m 14 2, 12 18, 16, 1 14, 8 12, 1, 6 8, 4 6, 2 4, 2, Index Volume (m3) 12

17 2.7 Pulplogs Pulplogs are defined as logs sold to domestic manufacturers of pulp and paper, woodchip and fibre-based panels and other such products, including logs processed for export woodchip. Number of average price changes Reasons for changes greater than 1 percent Increase 5 Changes greater than 1 percent 3 Decrease 3 Growers reporting sales 8 Reported reasons for changes: Increase in transport costs caused price decrease. Pricing gain and change in mix lead to average price increase. Pulplogs $35. $3. $25. $2. $15. $1. $5. $. -$5. -$1. -$ Maximum ($/t) Minimum ($/t) Weighted Average ($/t) Pulplogs tonnes 1,6, 1,4, 1,2, 1,, 8, 6, 4, 2, Index Weight (tonnes) 13

18 2.8 Salvage logs Salvage logs represent all logs excluded from the other log classes on the basis of price and wood quality. Salvage logs may include break/edge tree logs, damaged logs, one-off spot sales, odd lot volumes of other species and short logs (less than industry standard minimum length). The Index considers stumpage prices for various sizes of product classified as salvage logs. Its outcomes are based on the weighted average price of logs of any diameter included as a salvage product. The table and graphs below summarise the number of average price changes and the number of and reported reasons for, average price changes greater than 1 percent. Number of average price changes Reasons for changes greater than 1 percent Increase 2 Changes greater than 1 percent 1 Decrease 1 Growers reporting sales 3 Reported reason for change: Revised sales and harvesting arrangements. Salvage Logs $4. $35. $3. $25. $2. $15. $1. $5. $ Maximum ($/m3) Minimum ($/m3) Weighted Average ($/m3) Salvage Logs m3 25, 2, 15, 1, 5, Index Volume (m3) 14

19 2.9 Export s and export pulplogs Reported total sales for export s by volume have decreased by 64 percent while the tonnages for export pulplogs have increased by 14 percent since the prior reporting period. Three regions reported the sales of export s and four regions recorded sales of export pulplogs this period. The sales volumes or weights for both classes since January 1995 are shown in the graph below. Exports 3, 25, 2, 15, 1, 5, m3 or tonnes Sawlogs (m3) Pulplogs (t) 15

20 3 Index methodology KPMG coordinates the preparation of the Index for each six-month period ending 3 June and 31 December. This involves the collection of data from each participating grower organisation and the preparation of this report. Ownership of the remains with those contributing organisations. The Index data represents aggregated information from all contributing growers and includes the weighted average price; price per cubic metre; price range; price index (based on the period January to June 1998, which is set at 1); and total volume of each Index product sold over the period. KPMG calculates for each log class the: maximum price; minimum price; weighted average price; and change in the index. These calculations are on the basis of input data provided by growers. KPMG does not audit or express any opinion on that data. Each contributing organisation is asked to provide explanations for changes in price greater than 1 per cent. These explanations have been summarised in section 2 of this report. The Index s intent is to preserve the confidentiality of individual growers prices and quantities. 3.1 Scope The Index includes sales of all plantation grown softwood species, principally comprising Radiata Pine in the southern States and Slash and Hoop Pine in Queensland Products reported The product groups reported in the Index are defined in Table 3. 16

21 Table 3: Product groups reported in the Log class Index product Unit Description Sawlog Class 1 Small $/m 3 All logs suitable for sawmilling with diameter <24. cm sedub.* Sawlog Class 2 Intermediate $/m 3 All logs suitable for sawmilling with diameter range 24. cm 31.9 cm sedub. Sawlog Class 3 Medium $/m 3 All logs suitable for sawmilling with diameter range >31.9 cm 43.9 cm sedub. Sawlog Class 4 Large $/m 3 All logs suitable for sawmilling with diameter >43.9 cm sedub. Pulplog Pulplog $/tonne All logs sold to domestic manufacturers of pulp and paper, woodchip/flake-based panels and other such products, including logs processed for export woodchip. Preservation log Preservation log $/m 3 All logs sold to domestic timber treatment plants including rails, poles and posts. Salvage log Salvage log $/m 3 All logs excluded from the above products generally on the basis of price and wood quality. Price is the weighted average for all sizes of all products i.e. one price only for salvage log. Export Export m 3 All grades and sizes of unprocessed logs sold as export. Total quantity only, price is not recorded. Export pulplog Export pulplog tonne All grades and sizes of unprocessed logs sold as export pulplogs, excluding logs processed for export woodchip. Total quantity only, price is not recorded. *sedub = small end diameter under bark Products excluded Data from the sale of the following products is excluded from the Index: pruned clearwood logs logs that achieve a premium stumpage over normal s, reflecting the value and the cost of growing; plantation hardwood and native forest products; and small volumes of species and products unrepresentative of the defined Index products. 17

22 3.2 Price calculations The is calculated on the weighted average net stumpage achieved by the plantation owner inclusive of all licence fees and charges relating to log value. Net stumpage of each Index Product = Total Revenue / Total Quantity Growers report stumpages to the Index manager. A stumpage price can be set, or calculated using a mill door price. 1. Stumpage sales: Net stumpage is set periodically by the seller in agreement with the buyer and represents the value of the standing tree. 2. Mill door sales or sales resulting from unusual operations (e.g. where the grower has subsidised cable harvesting for particular operational reasons): Net stumpage is defined as delivered sale price less transport and harvesting costs. The growers encourage use of the Index by interested parties; however, all parties should be aware that no attempt has been made to account for variations in factors that influence log value. Such factors primarily relate to additional costs incurred by the plantation owner or log processor. Examples include: 1. The impact of wood quality variation both within and between species, including stem form, wood density, branching characteristics and the inherent level of defects in the wood at a given location. All of these factors will affect mill performance and processed product quality, and hence influence the value recovery from a particular plantation. 2. Log size variation impacts on harvest costs, transport costs, sawn recovery and processing costs. 3. Harvest cost may be affected by soil type, topography, climate, piece size, species, scale of operation, harvest equipment requirements and harvest contract terms and conditions. 4. Log transport costs may vary due to distance, road conditions, topography (effect on transport time), piece size (impact on load and unload costs), equipment configuration/payload and transport contract terms and conditions. 5. Finished product transport costs will vary primarily according to the distance between the processing plant and markets, which impacts on log value. 6. Differences between products harvested from thinnings and clearfell operations, in terms of both extraction cost and value of products recovered. 18

23 7. Any unusual additional costs for example licence or access fees. 8. Impact of variation in log sales contract terms and conditions on resource value, for example the value of long term resource security or the marginal cost impact of shortterm competitive sales. 3.3 Comments on the structure of the Index Readers should be aware of the following potential anomalies that could influence movements in the Index: 1 Each grower s centre diameter class sizes may not precisely match the Index small end diameter sizes. As the Index defines precise data groups, each grower needs to adapt existing internal categories to fit the Index requirements. 2 The Index includes products sold primarily to the domestic market only. Export sale prices are currently not included for either s or pulplogs. 3 There are risks of minor variations in the calculation method between contributing organisations. However, based on the assumption that the adopted methodology appropriately represents the sales value for each period; is applied consistently each period; and remains consistent and representative over time, these risks are assumed to be not material. To assure compliance, an audit process could be introduced but this would be very costly, and its benefits may not outweigh its costs. 4 Any diversity of species included may distort the resulting Index data. Index log product categories need to be grouped on comparable end use. The issue as to whether non-pinus species should be excluded from the Index, or a separate category be introduced for non- Pinus species, is currently unresolved. 5 Mill door prices are not included. It is expected that in some regions the proportion of mill door sales will increase and this may need to be addressed. Future developments to the Index may also show mill door prices, which will be of interest to roundwood purchasers. 6 Log measurement methods are currently not documented by all growers. It is suggested that both the large and small ends of each log be measured under bark, and the average be applied as the half log diameter. Where logs are not individually measured, weights and sample measurements are used to convert these to an equivalent volume and prices by diameter class. 7 There is concern that the size 1 class (<24 cm), as a minimum sedub (small end diameter under bark) is not specified. This minimum sedub will vary for each grower and can range from 12 centimetres to 2 centimetres. There is a high degree of variability in prices because of the high degree in variability in log sizes accommodated by this size category. 19

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