British Nuclear Group Reactor Sites Chemistry Issues NuSAC SCR Meeting - April 4 th 2006
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1 British Nuclear Group Reactor Sites Chemistry Issues NuSAC SCR Meeting - April 4 th 2006 Presented by: Dr Malcolm Pick, Senior Engineering Consultant, Decommissioning Support Branch, Engineering and Technical Services (E&TS) and Dr Andrew Munro, Project Manager, Nexia Solutions Ltd. Slide 1
2 Contents Magnox Station Chemistry Organisation and Support Chemistry and Radiochemistry Intelligent Customer Role Chemistry Technical and Research Issues Spent Fuel Cooling Pond - Pond Water Chemistry - Magnox Fuel Cladding Corrosion - Ion-Exchange - Caesium Abatement - Submersible Caesium Removal Units - Aqueous Filtration application of technical solutions and targeted research to optimise safety and plant performance over the full life cycle of the station Slide 2
3 Station Chemistry Organisation and Support Station Chemist Examples of Duties - Plant Operations all Chemistry Issues - Plant Monitoring and Control Generation Standards - Environmental Co-ordination, Chemical Safety (COSHH), WANO - Support to Site Based Plant Improvement or Decommissioning Projects Magnox Electric Generic Support and R & D - E&TS Provide Technical Integration and act as Intelligent Customer - Supply Chain - Nexia Solutions Ltd via Framework Agreement - Other suppliers Involved Including Universities Slide 3
4 Engineering and Technical Services Intelligent Customer (IC) Support IC definition requirement to: - Specify, interpret and manage work by contractors that could have an impact on safety (nuclear, radiological or industrial) or environmental protection. - Skills and knowledge to: understand safety case implications; nuclear site licence issues and discharge authorisations. IC topic categories include: - Chemistry - Radiochemistry - Decontamination Chemistry is also involved with some of the other IC areas, e.g. Structural Integrity, Graphite, Radioactive Waste Strategy, Contaminated Land. Slide 4
5 Chemistry IC Breadth of Issues Magnox fuel corrosion and spent fuel pond chemistry Plant water chemistry control Corrosion protection boilers, turbines, waste containers Chemical instrumentation Ion exchange Aqueous filtration Waste immobilisation, Nirex Letters of Compliance (LoC) Gas chemistry Issues cover generating plant and decommissioning plant Slide 5
6 Magnox Fuel and Ponds Slide 6
7 Pond Caesium Issues - Introduction Late 1970s - Problems with corroding fuel clad and Cs-137 release removal systems installed on most sites - most using Lewatit DN phenol formaldehyde resin - Lifetime stock ordered in 1988 Late 90s Increase in Cs-137 Arisings at Hinkley Point A and Dungeness A Issues over Lewatit stocks and spent resin storage capacity Research into alternative ion exchange resins Duolite ARC 9359 as substitute for Lewatit and IONSIV IE-911 as a high capacity resin 1999/2000 Optioneering Studies - led to feasibility study for submersible plant using IONSIV IE-911 Slide 7
8 Typical Operational Magnox Pond Water Inventory Ru-106 Sb-125 Cs-134 Cs-137 Ce-144 Pr-144 Sr-90 Y-90 Pm-147 U/Pu/Am/Cm-alpha Other beta/gamma Slide 8
9 Candidate Ion Exchange Materials Distribution Coefficient cm 3 /g Distribution Coefficient of Test Materials at Optimum Pond Conditions. 0 A B C D E F G H I I ONSIV K L M N Material IE-9 11 Slide 9
10 Crystalline Silicotitanates Slide 10
11 Experimental Set-up Lead collimator Spike of Cs-137 activity NaI Column of IONSIV Pump Reservoir of inactive simulated pond water, sealed in an air-tight container Slide 11
12 Submersible Caesium Removal Unit (SCRU) File ref: Ionsiv/ SCRU presentati on for Oldbury Sl id e 6 Slide 12
13 Flow Schematic of Standard SCRU 3 micron all welded SS Pre-filter IONSIV IE-911 cartridge Pond water in (NaOH dosed ph 11.7) Treated water returned to pond IONSIV IE-911 cartridge 3 micron all welded SS Post-filter Slide 13
14 IONSIV SCRU Enhancement Project (1) - Premature blinding of SCRU pre-filters at some plants - Extensive programme completed to successfully understand the chemical filter blinding mechanism - Application of laboratory and pilot plant rig studies - Ameliorative measures deployed on plant include; (i) Optimisation of caustic concentration & pond water treatment plant (PWTP) operation (ii) Methods of reducing pond water [Mg 2+ ] - Waste volume and Operator dose minimisation (ALARP) Slide 14
15 IONSIV SCRU Enhancement Project (2) - Daily technical support to plant operations - Technical Working Group established to share best practice in Safety, Operations, Training - Filter design specifications and cleaning - IONSIV IE-911 cartridge and filter dose rate analysis - Caesium removal efficiencies - Further optimised use of IONSIV IE-911 technology Work to be presented at the International Conference on Water Chemistry of Nuclear Reactor Systems, October , Korea Slide 15
16 Spent Fuel Cooling Pond Operations Caesium Abatement Pond Water Chemistry IONSIV SCRU Enhancement Project Support to Magnox Operating Plan Fuel Skip Issues General Technical Support Slide 16
17 Pond Water Chemistry Station pond water particulate measurement and data analysis Magnox fuel cladding corrosion support* Post-aqueous storage regimes for Magnox fuel elements Monitoring/Analysis of pond water chemistries and activity levels (e.g. nuclear site licence condition linked to environmental discharges) * Work presented at the IChemE DECOMM 05 Conference, September , Glasgow, UK Slide 17
18 Caesium Abatement Issues - Identification and mitigation of current and future chemistry risks & threats to Magnox power station cooling ponds - Revision of spent fuel pond post-defuelling storage guidelines (e.g. consideration of potential impact on associated plant such as wet vaults) - Development of radionuclide behaviour pond model - Support to station BPM/BPEO assessments as required - Opportunities, acceleration and innovation via chemistry applications Slide 18
19 Fuel Skip Issues - Call-off technical support on generic fuel skip issues to cover; - Decontamination - Fuel skip corrosion - Transport flask chemistry etc. Slide 19
20 Ion-Exchange Technology Experimental IONSIV IE-911 Studies Optimised (lifetime) ionexchange plant operation Experimental AW500 Studies AW500 Literature Survey Lifetime decommissioning and waste issues Slide 20
21 AW500 Caesium Removal Resin Investigations - AW500 is a molecular sieve type resin used by MEL at some stations for Cs 137 abatement; - There are Orphaned fuel skips containing spent AW500 resin awaiting a identification of a suitable disposal process - Experimental programme at Nexia Solutions Ltd. active facilities at Springfields to consider the Cs + desorption effects on loaded AW500 - Parameters studied - ph, [Na + ] and Temperature - Results help to dictate optimum pond decommissioning strategy Slide 21
22 Generic Technical Support - Engineering Documentation - Revision of Generation Standards (e.g. Post-Operational Safety Case - Off-load steam/water circuit storage during defuelling/decommissioning) - Best Practice Reviews (e.g. Aqueous filtration plant peer reviews) - Participation in Optioneering Workshops and BPEO Studies - Station Chemists Meetings - Input to Training - External Liaison Slide 22
23 Collaborations and Benchmarking - University Research Alliances (URA s) - EPRI Workshops - Participation in WANO Reviews - Westinghouse technology exchanges - Utility Benchmarking Visits PWR, BWR, VVER Vattenfall Ringhals, OPG Darlington, GKN Neckarwestheim, Temelin - International Conferences (NACE, EUROCORR, Water Chemistry) - National collaboration NPL, universities etc. Slide 23
24 Overall Summary Chemistry and Radiochemistry Support to Magnox Stations covers: - Operational needs - Research fundamental studies - Application of technology Chemistry issues change - new issues emerge, continued support required Chemistry skills key to Plant Performance and Station Operations Chemistry and Radiochemistry skills key to Radioactive Waste and Radioactive Discharge issues Overall requirements kept under review through consideration of chemistry risks, threats and opportunities Important to maintain external links and learn from experiences elsewhere Slide 24
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