Trends in German Strawberry Fruit Industrie Market, Produktion, Tunnel Cultivation

Transcription

1 Trends in German Strawberry Fruit Industrie Market, Produktion, Tunnel Cultivation

2 Experimental Station in Köln-Auweiler - Strawberries Varieties, tunnels, substrate culture, table top systems - Bush fruits Protected growing systems, long cane production with raspberries - Staff 3.5 people

3 Trends in German Strawberry Fruit Industrie Market, Produktion, Tunnel Cultivation 1. Market and Produktion 2. Tunnel Cultivation - Standard - Tunnel - Raised substrate beds in Tunnels 4. Conclusion

4 Strawberry - Market Mark Produktion volume: t, Import: t, Export: t In Germany the percentage of discounters in selling fresh fruits is 51% (2012), it is stable at a high level. The threshold prices of berries are /500 g box. Special offers of strawberries vary between /500 g box. In Germany direct marketing (farm shops) is very important. Pick your own is not as common as it was in the past, but it is stable at a low level (about 5 10 %).

5 Strawberry - Market 35 % of the strawberry production is sold directly to customers via farmshops and roadstalls. Co-operatives sell 30,000 to 40,000 t The importance of wholesalers increase. Prices: Co-operatives between 1.60 and 2.40 /kg (1,87 /kg in 2012) Consumption price: 3,60 (domestic strawberries) Direct marketing ~3.00 to 6.00 /kg. Packaging: 70 % 500 g open package, more and more flowpacks, smaller quantities are lidded (250 g).

6 Strawberry season May June July Aug. Sep. Oct % 31% 22% 6% 1% % 53% 32% 2% 1% Source: ZMP, Ami

7 Production area in Germany Strawberry ha 15,004 ha Raspberry 1,121 ha 937 ha Blackberry 116 ha 122 ha Blueberry 1,426 ha 1835 ha Redcurrant (600 ha) 696 ha Gooseberry 192 ha 219 ha Blackcurrant (Processing) (1,400 ha) 1596 ha Total 18,003 ha ha Origin: AMI-Marktbilanz, Gartenbauerhebung 2005

8 Strawberries, Production areas 7% 23% 20% 19% 12%

9 Strawberries, Farm-Types Farms: 3,400 (11% of the farms cultivate 70 % of the strawberry area) Strawberry-Farm-Types: From 1000 m² up to 250 ha, the smaller farms in combination with other crops, direct marketing. Often in combination with asparagus. Farms from 20 ha and larger often specialised in strawberry farming. Seasonal workers: Small farms with 10 to 20 pickers large farms with up to 500 pickers - many farms with about 100 pickers.

10 Strawberry - Varieties Junebearers: Elsanta 40 bis 50 % Darselect 05 bis 10 % Clery 05 bis 10 % Honeoye 05 bis 10 % Sonata 10 bis 20 % Florence 05 bis 10 % Others: Alba, Malwina, Symphony, Lambada, Everbearers: (ca. 800 ha), EVI II, Everest, Florin, Albion, Portolas, San Andreas, Eve s Delight, Florina, Florentina, Verity

11 Strawberry Productions systems All types of growing systems: A widely used system is frigoplants in soil, planted between May/June, no picking in the first year. For early production: fresh plants planted in August, trend goes up. 60 day crops: mainly Frigo-A+ or waiting-beds, kept for one or two years as main crop. Production with waiting-beds decrease, too expensive. Growing on beds: 30-40%, trend goes up. Tunnel production: About 700 to 800 ha in Germany, increases steadily. Strawberry fields kept between 1 and 3 years, in tunnels a small trend from 1 to 2 years, in open field a trend from 3 to 2 years, sometimes for only one year. Substrate- and tabletop- systems: ~ 100 to 120 ha for tunnels, about 30 ha for greenhouses and about 40 ha is used for the new system of elevated beds. Substrate cultures increase continuously.

12 Strawberry Production costs Production method Frigoplants without harvest in the first year, planting 10 th June Direct costs independent of the yield Plant material x 0, /ha Plant protection and fertilisation /ha Straw 80 dt x 10, /ha Water 1,500 m³ x /ha Seasonal workers 120 x 9, /ha Variable costs of machines Total 640 /ha /ha

13 Strawberry Production costs Production method Frigoplants without harvest in the first year, planting 10 th of June Direct costs in cents/kg Yield in t/ha Independent of the yield Dependent on the yield Picking Packing Marketing costs Total

14 Direct costs of strawberries in different production methods in /kg Frigo, Green Tunnel, Waiting- Ever- Tunnel, Green- without plant, raised beds, bearers, table-top house harverst in double beds raised raised system, the first covering, beds, one beds waiting- year raised harvest beds, double beds using 180 dt/ha 180 dt/ha 220 dt/ha 140 dt/ha 240 dt/ha 6,5 kg/m² 9,5 kg/m² Additional essential 0.50 for general operating costs, labour costs of the employer and profit.

15 Single row system, with and without Fleece

16 Three row system with Frigo A+ in Langförden

17 Raised beds

18 Haygrove - Tunnel

19 Meerle Tunnel Belgian Tunnel

20 Elevated beds with substrate

21 Strawberry cultivation in substrate

22 Trends in German Strawberry Fruit Industrie Market, Production, Tunnel Cultivation 1. Market and Production 2. Tunnel Cultivation - Standard - Tunnel - Raised substrate beds in Tunnels 4. Conclusion

23 700 EUR/dt Producer price of strawberries (German co-operatives) Tagespreise der dtsch. Erzeugermärkte (Mai-Juli) Mai Juni Juli Quelle: AMI.

24 Development of yield in Haygrove Tunnels v Outdoor production 2003 Yield / plant (First class) in g Elsanta Outdoor / Double Covering Haygrove

25 Harvest Time in Standard Tunnels Difference to Double Covering Variety Year Start Difference 50% Difference Harvest Double Harvest Double Covering Covering Clery May 14 days 18. May 09 days May 25 days 24. May 17 days April 14 days 09. May 06 days May 18 days 16. May 12 days May 25 days 26. May 17 days Mean 05. May 19 days 19. May 12 days

26 Yield Class 1 of the Variety Clery in Standard-Tunnels and in Double Covering Double Standard- Double Standard Year Covering Tunnel Covering Tunnel g/plant g/plant t/ha t/ha g 652 g + 35 % 16,4 t 19,4 t + 18 % g 714 g + 26 % 19,2 t 21,2 t + 10 % g 769 g + 32 % 19,8 t 22,9 t + 15 % g 872 g + 90 % 15,6 t 25,9 t + 66 % Conversion to yield per ha: Yield in trials 15 %, 4 plants/m, double covering plants/ha, standard-tunnel plants/ha 8 m-tunnel, 7 rows

27 Belgium Tunnel, closed Belgium Tunnel, open Haygrove Solo-Tunnel

28 Culivation System in Tunnels: Standard: Focus on maximum yield One year cultivation with fresh plants or frigo-plants, raised beds Planting distance 0,28 to 0,25 m, early planting of fresh plants Annual rotation of the ground Varieties: Clery, Flair, Elianny, Darselect, Alba Closing of the tunnels best before 20. February Additional covering of Fleece until beginning of flowering Intensive ventilation beginning end of march Using bumblebees

29 Double Using of Tunnels: Planting of waiting beds (18 to 22 mm) between 05. and 15. July Covering with tunnels at the beginning of harvest at the end of August, beginning of September 1. Crop from 25. August to 20. Oktober 2. Crop from 05. May bis 10. June Variety Elsanta 2-year cultivation (problems with fruit size and earlyness)

30 Yield and Earlyness of 4 Strawberry Varieties in a Tunnel in Year 2013 Variety Yield Share of Total Start Middle End Fruit Class 1 in Re- Class I yield in Harvest Harvest Harvest weight g/ plant lative of the total g/plant >20 g/ (Faedi < 20g/ in g yield pant Index) plant Flair 637 g % 727 g ,7 g Clery 872 g % 941 g ,2 g Rumba 751 g % 831g ,9 g Elianny 884 g % 977 g ,6 g Planting , Elianny at ; 4 plants/running m

31 Yield and Earlyness of Fresh- and Frigo-Pflants in Tunnels Cultivation Yield Share of Total Start Middle End Fruit- System Class 1 in g/plant Class 1 of the total yield Yield in g/plant Harvest >20 g/ plant Harvest Harvest <20 g/ plant weight Fresh-Plants 778 g 91 % 860 g ,9 g Frigo-Plants 868 g 84 % 1032 g ,6 g Comparison 112 % -7 % 120 % % days days days Varieties: Clery, Flair, Darselect, Rumba, Elianny, Dely

32 Development of yield, 2004,Variety Darselect 6 Yield / m² Standard Tunnel Table Top Double Covering

33

34

35 Yield and Earliness in Different Tunnel Cultivation-Systems of the Variety Clery Culivation-System, Running Yield m/ha Class 1 in t/ha Relative Middle Harvest 2011 Soil, Standard Tunnel, m 21,3 t May Substrate Bed, m 20,1 t May Table Top, m 31,8 t May 2013 Soil, Standard Tunnel, m 23,5 t May Substrate Bed, m 24,1 t May Table Top, m 31,8 t June Trial yield 15%

36 Cultivation System in Tunnels: Substrate Bed in Tunnels: Bed Asparagus bed with a substrate gutter, about 20 cm wide and 16 cm deep. Closed System: Soil - PE-Film, drainage pipe, ground cover (My-Pex) only with a continuous slope in the field Open System: without PE-Film without a continuous slope, problems with soil health Row spacing: Minimum 1,40 m, double rows Substrate: Irrigation: Coco (peat) with about 25 l/running m Irrigation pipe with pressure compensated dropper, permanent fertilization Tunnel: Like standard tunnels, maybe stronger

37 Cultivation System in Tunnels: Substrate Bed in Tunnels: Standard: One year cultivation with fresh plants Planting: 01. to 15. August, fresh plants with 8 to 10 plants/m in double rows Varieties: Clery, Darselect, Flair, Rumba, (Elsanta) Harvest period: Like standard tunnels Yield: Per runnning m 20 to 30% more than in Standard Tunnels, 20 less than in Table Top Systems. Per ha 0 to 20% more than in Standard-Tunnels

38 Summary/Conclusion In Germany strawberries are the most important berry fruit, followed by blueberries and raspberries. Direct marketing with farm shops and road stalls are very important for the growers. This is a big difference compared to other countries. Outside production in soil still dominates. The quality requirements continue to rise. The trend goes to more intense growing systems: Strawberries in tunnels and in substrates, because of increasing wages, and limited availability of farmland. Substrate beds are interesting, because of same earliness like soil produktion in standard tunnels, but less yield than table top systems.

39 Thank you very much for your kind attention