Axial Piston Variable Pump A10VSO

Transcription

1 Electric Drives and Controls Hydraulics inear Motion and Assembly Technologies Pneumatics ervice Axial Piston Variable Pump A10VO RE 92711/ / Replaces: and RE 92712/10.07 Data sheet eries 31 ize NG18 to 1 Nominal pressure 280 bar Peak pressure 350 bar Open circuit Contents Ordering code for standard program 2 Technical data 5 Technical data standard units 6 Technical data High-peed-Version 7 Technical data 8 Characteristics for pumps with pressure control 9 DG two-point control, directly operated 10 DR Pressure control 11 DRG Pressure control, remote 12 DFR/DFR1 Pressure and flow control 13 DFR Pressure/flow/power control 14 FHD-displacement control, pilot pressure dependent with pressure control 15 Dimensions, size 18 to 1 16 Through drive dimensions 30 Overview of attachements 35 Combination pumps A10VO + A10VO 36 Installation instructions 37 General instructions Features Variable axial piston pump of swashplate design for hydrostatic drives in open circuits The flow is proportional to the drive speed and displacement. The flow is infinitely variable through adjustment of the swashplate angle. 2 case drain ports Good suction characteristics Permissible continuous pressure 280 bar ow noise level ong service life Axial and radial loading of drive shaft possible High power to weight ratio Wide range of controls hort response times The through drive is suitable to mount additional gear or piston pumps of up to the same displacement size, i.e. 100% through drive torque.

2 2/ osch Rexroth AG A10VO eries 31 RE 92711/06.09 Ordering code for standard program A10V O / 31 V Version HFA, HF and HFC -Fluids (with the exception of kydrol) E High-peed-Version H Axial piston unit washplate design, variable A10V Operation mode 03 Pump, open circuit O ize 04 Displacement V g max in cm Control device Two point control, directly operated DG Pressure control DR remotely controlled DRG - T open DFR with flow control - T closed with flushing function DFR1 electric displacement control FE1 1) electric displacement control with press. control DFE1 1) electric pressure control, inverse proportional curve ED 2) Pressure, flow and power control DFR Displacement control, pilot pressure dependent with pressure control FHD eries 06 eries 3, Index 1 31 Direction of rotation Viewed from drive shaft clockwise R 07 counter clockwise eals 08 FKM (Fluor-caoutchouc) V Drive shaft plined shaft, ANI 92.1a-1976, standard shaft 09 imilar to however for higher drive torque R Parallel keyed shaft to DIN 6885 P Mounting flange IO bolt A 10 IO bolt 1) ee also RE ) ee also RE l = Available m = On request Not available = Not for new appliacations = Preferred program

3 RE 92711/06.09 A10VO eries 31 osch Rexroth AG 3/ Ordering code for standard program A10V O / 31 V ervice line ports AE flanged ports at opposite sides, Metric mounting bolts 3) AE flanged ports at opposite sides, 42 Metric mounting bolts Through drive Without through drive N00 Flange AE J744 Coupler for splined shaft 4) 82-2 (A) 5/8 in 9T 16/32DP K (A) 3/4 in 11T 16/32DP K () 7/8 in 13T 16/32DP K () 1 in 15T 16/32DP K (C) 1 1/4 in 14T 12/24DP K (C) 1 1/2 in 17T 12/24DP K (D) 1 3/4 in 13T 8/16DP K17 Dia. 63, metric 4-bolt Keyed dia. 25 K57 Flange IO IO 80, 2-bolt 3/4 in 11T 16/32DP K2 IO 100, 2-bolt 7/8 in 13T 16/32DP K3 IO 100, 2-bolt 1 in 15T 16/32DP K4 IO 125, 2-bolt 1 1/4 in 14T 12/24DP K5 IO 125, 2-bolt 1 1/2 in 17T 12/24DP K6 IO 180, 4-bolt 1 3/4 in 13T 8/16DP K7 3) Observe information on page 23 4) Coupler for splined shaft to ANI 92.1a-1976 (spline execution to AE J744) l = Available m = On request Not available = Not for new appliacations = Preferred program

4 4/ osch Rexroth AG A10VO eries 31 RE 92711/06.09 Technical data Hydraulic fluid Prior to project design please observe the extensive information on the selection of hydraulic fluids in our data sheets RE (mineral oil), RE (ecologically acceptable fluids) and RE (HF-fluids). When using HF- or ecologically acceptable fluids possible limitations on the technical data may be applicable, if necessary please consult us (when ordering please state the type of fluid to be used in clear text). For operation on kydrol fluid please consult us. Operating viscosity range In order to obtain optimum efficiency and service life, we recommend that the operating viscosity (at operating temperature) be selected within the range n opt = opt. operating viscosity mm 2 /s referred to the reservoir temperature (open circuit). imits of viscosity range For extreme operating conditions the following limits apply: n min = 10 mm 2 /s short term (t 1 min) at max.permissible case drain temperature of 90 C. Please note, that the max. case drain temperature of 90 C is also not exceeded in certain areas (eg. bearing area). The temperature in the bearing area is approx. 5 K higher than the average case drain temperature. n max = 1000 mm 2 /s short term (t 1 min) on cold start (t min = p 30 bar, n 1000 rpm, -25 C) At temperatures between -25 C and - C special measures may be required for certain installation positions, please contact us for further information. For detailed information on operation at very low temperatures see RE election diagram Viscosity n [mm 2 /s] Temperature range t in C t min = - C VG 22 VG 32 VG 68 VG 46 VG 100 Fluid temperature range t max = +90 C Notes on the selction of hydraulic fluid In order to select the correct fluid, it is necessary to know the operating temperature in the tank (open circuit) in relation to the ambiet temperature. The hydraulic fluid should be selected so that within the operating temperature range, the operating viscosity lies within the optimum range (n opt ) (see shaded section of the selction diagram). We recommend that the higher viscosity grade should be selected in each case. Example: At an ambient temperature of C the fluid temperature in the tank is 60 C. In the optimum viscosity range (n opt ; shaded area) this corresponds to viscosity grades VG 46 or VG 68; VG 68 should be selected. Important The case drain temperature is influenced by pressure and speed and is typically higher than the tank temperature. However max. temperature at any point in the system may not exceed 90 C. If the above mentioned conditions cannot be kept due to extreme operating parameters or high ambient temperatures please consult us. Filtration of fluid The finer the filtration the better the achieved cleanliness of the fluid and the longer the service life of the axial piston unit. In order to ensure a reliable functioning of the axial piston unit it is necessary to determine the fluid cleanliness class through a gravimetric evaluation; a cleanliness level of at least 20/18/15 to IO 46 is required. If the above mentioned cleanliness classes cannot be met please consult us. 36 n opt. 16

5 RE 92711/06.09 A10VO eries 31 osch Rexroth AG 5/ Technical data Operating pressure range Direction of flow to Pressure at suction port (inlet) Inlet pressure p abs min 0,8 bar absolute p abs max 10 bar 1) absolute Minimum permissible inlet pressure at port at increased drive speed In order to prevent damage to the pump (through cavitation) it is necesssary to maintain a minimum inlet pressure. This minimum required inlet pressure level depends on the drive speed and the pump displacement. These values do not apply however to the High-peed version (see table of values on page 7). Pressure at service line port (pressure port) Nominal pressure p nom 280 bar absolute Peak pressure p max 350 bar absolute Total duration of exertion 300 h ingle duration of exertion 2,5 ms Minimum outlet pressure 10 bar 1) Rate of pressure change R A bar/s Pressure p p nom Dp Dt time t peed n/n max 1,2 1,1 1,0 0,9 0,7 0,8 0,9 Displacement V g /V g max 1,6 1,4 1,2 1,0 0,9 0,8 1,0 Inlet pressure p abs [bar] Case drain pressure Maximum case drain pressure (at ports, 1 ): Maximum 0,5 bar higher than the inlet pressure at port, but not higher than 2 bar absolut. p max abs 2 bar 1) To safeguard against over pressure pump safety blocks to RE and RE for direct mounting onto the AE flange ports can be ordered separately. Definition Nominal pressure p nom The nominal pressure corresponds to the maximum design pressure. Peak pressure p max The peak pressure corresponds to the maximum pressure within the individual operating period. The total of the individual operating periods must not exceed the total operating period. Minimum pressure (high-pressure side) Minimum pressure in the pump outlet side (port ) that is required in order to prevent damage to the axial piston unit. Rate of pressure change R A Maximum permissible pressure build-up and pressure reduction speed with a pressure change over the entire pressure range. Pressure p Individual operating period Peak pressure p max Nominal pressure p nom t 1 t 2 t n Minimum pressure (in pump outlet) Total operating period= t 1 + t t n 1) Other datas on request. Time t

6 6/ osch Rexroth AG A10VO eries 31 RE 92711/06.09 Technical data standard units Table of values (theoretical values, without considering efficiencies and tolerances; values rounded) ize NG Displacement variable pump V g max cm peed 1) Flow maximum at V g max n max rpm maximum at V g < V g max 2) n max perm. rpm at n max and V g max q v max /min at n = 1500 rpm q v /min Power at n max Δp = 280 bar P max kw at n = 1500 rpm P kw 12, Torque at V g max and Δp = 280 bar T max Nm Δp = 100 bar T Nm Torsional stiffness drive shaft c Nm/rad drive shaft R c Nm/rad drive shaft P c Nm/rad Moment of inertia rotary unit J TW kgm Case volume V Weight (without through drive) approx. m kg ) Values shown are valid for an absolute pressure (p abs ) of 1 bar at inlet port and use with mineral oil (with a specific weight of 0,88kg/). 2) Values are valid for V g V g max or increase of inlet pressure p abs at inlet port (see diagram page 5) Note Exceeding the maximum or falling below the minimum permissible values can lead to a loss of function, a reduction in operational service life or total destruction of the axial piston unit. The permissible values can be determined through calculation. Determination of size Flow q V = Torque T = Power P = V g n h V V g = Geometr. displacement per revolution in cm 3 [/min] 1000 Dp = Pressure differential in bar V g Dp n = peed in rpm [Nm] 20 p h mh h V = Volumetric efficiency 2p T n = q V Dp h mh = Mechanical-hydraulic efficiency [kw] h t h t = Overall efficiency (h t = h V h mh )

7 RE 92711/06.09 A10VO eries 31 osch Rexroth AG 7/ Technical data High-peed-Version Table of values (theoretical values, without considering efficiencies and tolerances; values rounded) ize NG Displacement variable pump V g max cm peed 1) Flow maximum at V g max n max rpm maximum at V g < V g max 2) n max perm. rpm at n max and V g max q v max /min Power at n max Δp = 280 bar P max kw at n = 1500 rpm P kw Torque at V g max and Δp = 280 bar T max Nm Δp = 100 bar T Nm Torsional stiffness drive shaft c Nm/rad drive shaft R c Nm/rad drive shaft P c Nm/rad Moment of inertia rotary unit J TW kgm Case volume V Weight (without through drive) approx. m kg ) Values shown are valid for an absolute pressure (p abs ) of 1 bar at inlet port and use with mineral oil (with a specific weight of 0,88kg/). 2) Don t exceed the maximum flow (q v max). The pump sizes 45, 71, 100 and 1 are optionally available in a in High-peed version. In comparison with the standard units, pumps in this version can be operated at higher input speeds without any change in outer dimensions. Note Exceeding the maximum or falling below the minimum permissible values can lead to a loss of function, a reduction in operational service life or total destruction of the axial piston unit. The permissible values can be determined through calculation.

8 8/ osch Rexroth AG A10VO eries 31 RE 92711/06.09 Technical data Permissible loading of drive shaft ize NG Max. radial load. Fq /2 /2 at /2 F q max N Max. axial load. ± Fax F ax N Permissible input and through drive torques ize NG Torque, max. T max Nm (at V g max and Dp = 280 bar 1) ) Max. permissible input torque 2) at drive shaft to T E perm Nm AE J744 (ANI 92.1a-1976) in 3/4 7/ /4 1 1/2 1 3/4 at drive shaft R similar to T E perm Nm AE J744 (ANI 92.1a-1976) in 3/4 7/ /4 at drive shaft P T E perm Nm DIN 6885 mm 18 j6 22 j6 25 j6 32 j6 k6 45 k6 Max. through drive torque. at drive shaft T D perm Nm at drive shaft R T D perm Nm at drive shaft P T D perm Nm ) Without considering efficiencies 2) For drive shaft free of radial load Distribution of torques T 1 T 2 T E 1. Pumpe 2. Pumpe 1. Pumpe 2. Pumpe T D

9 RE 92711/06.09 A10VO eries 31 osch Rexroth AG 9/ Characteristics for pumps with pressure control Drive power and flow (Operating fluid: hydraulic fluid to IO VG 46 DIN 51519, t = 50 C) ize 18 n = 1500 rpm n = 3300 rpm Flow qv [/min] ize 28 n = 1500 rpm n = 3000 rpm Flow qv [/min] q v q v P qv max P qv Null Operating pressure p [bar] P qv Null P qv max Operating pressure p [bar] Drive power P [kw] Drive power P [kw] ize 100 n = 1500 rpm n = 2000 rpm Flow qv [/min] q v ize 1 n = 1500 rpm n = 1800 rpm P qv max P qv Null Operating pressure p [bar] Drive power P [kw] ize 45 n = 1500 rpm n = 2600 rpm Flow qv [/min] ize 71 n = 1500 rpm n = 2200 rpm Flow qv [/min] q v q v P qv Null P qv max Operating pressure p [bar] P qv Null P qv max Operating pressure p [bar] Drive power P [kw] Drive power P [kw] Flow qv [/min] q v P qv max P qv Null Operating pressure p [bar] Drive power P [kw]

10 10/ osch Rexroth AG A10VO eries 31 RE 92711/06.09 DG two-point control, directly operated The pump can be set to a minimum swivel angle by connecting an external control pressure to port. This will supply control fluid directly to the stroking piston; a minimum pressure of p st 50 bar is required. chematic DG The pump can only be switched between V g max or V g min. Please note, that the required control pressure at port is directly dependent on the actual operating pressure p in port. (see switching pressure diagram). Control pressure p st in = 0 bar Control pressure p st in 50 bar V g max V g min The max. permissible switching pressure p st = 120 bar. witching pressure diagram 1 Req. control pressure pst [bar] Operating pressure p [bar] Ports Outlet port Inlet port, 1 Case drain port ( 1 plugged) Control pressure port (plugged)

11 RE 92711/06.09 A10VO eries 31 osch Rexroth AG 11/ DR Pressure control The DR-pressure control limits the maximum pressure at the pump outlet within the pump s control range. The pump therefore supplies only the amount of fluid as required by the actuators. This maximum pressure level can be set steplessly at the control valve. tatic characteristic (at n 1 = 1500 rpm; t fluid = 50 C) chematic DR size 18 to 100 Operating pressure p [bar] etting range Hysteresis and pressure rise pmax ize 1 1 Flow q v [/min] Ports Outlet port Inlet port, 1 Case drain port ( 1 plugged) Controller data Hysteresis and repetititive accuracy p max. 3 bar Pressure rise, max ize p bar Pilot fluid consumption max. approx. 3 /min Flow loss at q Vmax see page 9.

12 12/ osch Rexroth AG A10VO eries 31 RE 92711/06.09 DRG Pressure control, remote The DR-pressure control (see page 11) is overriding this DRGremote setting of max. outlet pressure. A pressure relief valve can be externally piped to port for remote setting of pressure below the setting of the DR control valve spool. This relief valve is not included in the pump supply. The differential pressure at the DRG-control spool is set as standard to 20 bar. This results in a pilot fluid flow to the relief valve of approx. 1,5 /min at port. If another setting is required (range from 10 to 22 bar) please state in clear text. As a separate relief valve we can recommend: DDH 6 (hydraulic) to RE 252 or DETR-O 381 with orifice dia. 0,8 mm in P (electric) to RE The max. lenght of piping should not exceed 2 m. tatic characteristic (at n 1 = 1500 rpm; t fluid = 50 C) chematic DRG size 18 to 100 not in scope of supply Operating pressure p [bar] etting range Hysteresis and pressure rise pmax ize 1 1 not in scope of supply q v min Flow q v [/min] q v max Controller data Hysteresis p maximum 3 bar Pressure rise maximum ize p bar Pilot fluid consumption approx. 4,5 /min Flow loss at q v max see page 9. Ports Outlet port Inlet port, 1 Case drain port ( 1 plugged) Pilot pressure port Details of pilot pressure port ize 18 to 100 with adapter ize 1 without adapter

13 RE 92711/06.09 A10VO eries 31 osch Rexroth AG 13/ DFR/DFR1 Pressure and flow control In additon to the pressure control function, the pump flow may be varied by means of a differential pressure over an orifice or valve spool installed in the service line to the actuator. The pump flow is equal to the actual required flow by the actuator, regardless of changing pressure levels. The pressure control overrides the flow control function. chematic DFR size 18 to 100 closed in DFR1 valve not in scope of supply Note The DFR1-valve version has no connection between and the tank (pump housing). Unloading the -pilot line must be possible in the valve system. ecause of the flushing function sufficient unloading of the -line must also be provided. tatic characteristic Flow controller at n 1 = 1500 rpm; t fluid = 50 C) Operating pressure p [bar] etting range q v min q v see table q v max ize 1 1 closed in DFR1 valve not in scope of supply Flow q v [/min] tatic characteristic at variable speed Flow qv [/min] peed n [rpm] qv see table Ports Outlet port Inlet port, 1 Case drain port ( 1 plugged) Pilot pressure port Details of pilot pressure port ize 18 to 100 with adapter ize 1 without adapter Differential pressure p: tandard setting: 14 bar. If another setting is required, please state in clear text. Unloading port to tank (with outlet port closed) results in a zero stroke (standby) pressure of p = 18 ± 2 bar (dependent on the p setting). Controller data Data pressure control DR see page 11. Maximum flow deviation measured with drive speed n = 1500 rpm. ize q v max /min 0,9 1,0 1,8 2,8 4,0 6,0 Pilot flow consumption DFR max. approx ,5 /min Pilot flow consumption DFR1 max. approx. 3 /min

14 14/ osch Rexroth AG A10VO eries 31 RE 92711/06.09 DFR Pressure/flow/power control In order to achieve a constant drive torque with varying operating pressures, the swivel angle and with it the output flow from the axial piston unit is varied so that the product of flow and pressure remains constant. chematic DFR size 28 to 100 Flow control is possible below the power control curve. not in scope of supply tatic characteristic at 1500 min Maximum power curve Operating pressure p [bar] Minimum power curve ize 1 q V not in scope of supply Torque T [Nm] Flow q v [%] The power characteristic is factory set, please state power requirements when ordering, eg. 20 kw at1500 rpm. Controller data Technical data of pressure control see page 11. Technical data of flow control see page 13. eginning of control up to 50 bar and above 2 bar Pilot fluid consumption max. approx. 5,5 /min Flow loss at q v max see page 9. 1 Ports Outlet port Inlet port, 1 Case drain port ( 1 plugged) Pilot pressure port

15 RE 92711/06.09 A10VO eries 31 osch Rexroth AG 15/ FHD-displacement control, pilot pressure dependent with pressure control The swivel angle of the pump and hence the displacement or flow, is dependent on the pilot pressure p t in port. A constant pressure p Y = 35 bar is required at port Y. An overriding pressure control is integrated and can be steplessly set at the control valve. Please indicate setting values in clear text. Controller data chematic FHD size 28 to 100 M t Y Hysteresis ± 2 % of V g max External pilot fluid consumption in Y max. approx. 3 to 4,5 /min Pressure rise p max. 4 bar Minimum system pressure p min 18 bar Flow loss at q v max see page 9. tatic characteristic (at n 1 = 1500 rpm; t fluid = 50 C) 100 Hysteresis and pressure rise p 1 Displacement Vg/Vg max [%] etting range ize 1 Y Pilot pressure p t [bar] Operating pressure p [bar] M t 1 Ports Outlet port Inlet port, 1 Case drain port ( 1 plugged) Mst Gauging port pilot support pressure (plugged) Y Pilot support pressure Pilot pressure port

16 16/ osch Rexroth AG A10VO eries 31 RE 92711/06.09 Dimensions, size 18 DFR/DFR1 Pressure/flow control; efore finalising your design please request a certified installation drawing. Dimensions in mm Flange IO V Ø80 h8 max W 22.2 Ø Ø View V View W 26.2 Ports Designation Port for tandard ize 1) Peak pressure [bar] 2) ervice line (standard pressure range) AE J518 3/4 in Fixing thread DIN 13 M10; 17 deep 350 uction (standard pressure range) Fixing thread AE J518 DIN 13 1 in M10; 17 deep 5 Case drain DIN 3852 M16x1,5 2 O 3) 1 Case drain DIN 3852 M16x1,5 2 plugged 3) Pilot pressure DIN 3852 M14x1,5; 12 deep 350 O Control press. for DG control DIN 3852 G 1/4 in 120 O 1) For the max. tightening torques the instructions on page must be observed. 2) Application dependent pressure spikes can occur.. Please consider this when selecting measuring equipment or fittings 3) Dependent on the installation position, port or 1 must be connected O = Must be connected (plugged on delivery) tate O O

17 RE 92711/06.09 A10VO eries 31 osch Rexroth AG 17/ Dimensions size 18 DG Two point control, directly operated DR pressure control efore finalising your design please request a certified installation drawing. Dimensions in mm 148 max G 1/4 in DRG pressure control, remote 108 max For details of hydraulic connections see page 16 Drive shafts plined shaft 3/4 in 11T 16/32 DP 1) AE J (A-) Ø3/4in 1/4-20UNC R plined shaft 3/4 in 11T 16/32 DP 1) AE J (A-) usable spline lenght ø3/4 in 1/4-20UNC P Keyed shaft Ø18 j6 Centering 2) R 3.15 x 6.7 DIN ) ANI 92.1a-1976, 30 pressure angle, flat base, flank centering, fit class 5 2) Axial retention of coupling half eg. via clamp coupling or clamping bolt

18 18/ osch Rexroth AG A10VO eries 31 RE 92711/06.09 Dimensions, size 28 DFR/DFR1 Pressure/flow control; efore finalising your design please request a certified installation drawing. Dimensions in mm 58.7 Ø32 Flange IO View V 22.2 View W Ø Ø100 h V W Ø max Ports Designation Port for tandard ize 1) Peak press. [bar] 2) ervice line (standard pressure range) AE J518 3/4 in Fixing thread DIN 13 M10; 17 deep 350 Drive shafts Inlet (standard pressure range Fixing thread AE J518 DIN /4 in M10; 17 deep 5, 1 Case drain ( 1 plugged) DIN 3852 M18x1,5; 12 deep 2 O 3) Pilot pressure DIN 3852 M14x1,5; 12 deep 350 O Control pressure for DG control DIN 3852 G 1/4 in 120 O Y Pilot support pressure DIN 3852 M14x1,5; 12 deep max. 35 O M Meassuring outlet pressure AE 3852 G 1/4 in 350 plugged M st Measuring pilot support pressure DIN 3853/IO 8434 Tube dia.8 mm max 18 closed DIN ) For the max. tightening torques the instructions on page must be observed. 2) Application dependent pressure spikes can occur.. Please consider this when selecting measuring equipment or fittings 3) Dependent on the installation position, port or 1 must be connected O = Must be connected (plugged on delivery) tate O O plined shaft 7/8 in 13T 16/32 DP 4) AE J () 1/4-20UNC-2 Ø7/8 in R plined shaft 7/8 in 13T 16/32 DP 4) AE J () usable spline lenght ø7/8 in 1/4-20UNC P Keyed shaft Ø22 j6 32 M ) ANI 92.1a-1976, 30 pressure angle, flat base, flank centering, fit class 5

19 RE 92711/06.09 A10VO eries 31 osch Rexroth AG 19/ Dimensions, size 28 DG Two point control, directly operated DFR Pressure/flow/power control efore finalising your design please request a certified installation drawing. Dimensions in mm G 1/4 in max DR Pressure control FHD Displ. control, pilot press. dependent with pressure control max DRG Pressure control, remote 118 max M Y max Mst Mst For details of hydraulic connections see page 18

20 20/ osch Rexroth AG A10VO eries 31 RE 92711/06.09 Dimensions, size 45 DFR/DFR1 Pressure/flow control; efore finalising your design please request a certified installation drawing. Dimensions in mm Flange IO View V V Ø Ø100 h max Ø View W Ports Designation Port for tandard ize 1) Peak press. [bar] 2) ervice line (standard pressure range) AE J518 1 in Fixing thread DIN 13 M10; 17 deep 350 Inlet (standard pressure range) Fixing thread AE J518 DIN 13 W 1 1/2 in M12; 20 deep 5 Case drain DIN 3852 M22x1,5 2 O 3) 1 Case drain DIN 3852 M22x1,5 2 plugged 3) Pilot pressure DIN 3852 M14x1,5; 12 deep 350 O Control pressure for DG control DIN 3852 G 1/4 in 120 O Y Pilot support pressure DIN 3852 M14x1,5; 12 deep max. 35 O M Measuring outlet pressure AE 3852 G 1/4 in 350 plugged M st Measuring pilot support pressure DIN 3853/IO 8434 Tube dia. 8 mm max. 18 closed DIN ) For the max. tightening torques the instructions on page must be observed. 2) Application dependent pressure spikes can occur.. Please consider this when selecting measuring equipment or fittings 3) Dependent on the installation position, port or 1 must be connected O = Must be connected (plugged on delivery) Drive shafts tate O O plined shaft 1 in 15T 16/32 DP 4) AE J (-) 1/4-20UNC-2 Ø1 in R plined shaft 1 in 15T 16/32 DP 4) AE J (-) usable spline lenght ø1in 1/4-20UNC-2 4) ANI 92.1a-1976, 30 pressure angle, flat base, flank centering, fit class P Keyed shaft Ø25 j6 36 M

21 RE 92711/06.09 A10VO eries 31 osch Rexroth AG 21/ Dimensions, size 45 DG Two point control, directly operated DFR Pressure/flow/power control efore finalising your design please request a certified installation drawing. Dimensions in mm G 1/4 in DR Pressure control FHD Displ. control, pilot press. dependent with press. control 187 Z View Z 34 Mst DRG Pressure control, remote 30 M 133 max max. 110 Y 49 M 146 clokwise rotation For details of hydraulic connections see page 20

22 22/ osch Rexroth AG A10VO eries 31 RE 92711/06.09 Dimensions, size 71 DFR/DFR1 Pressure/flow control, port plate 42; efore finalising your design please request a certified installation drawing. Dimensionsin mm Flange IO View V 52.4 Ø Ø125h V max Ø50 View W W Ports Designation Port for tandard ize 1) Peak press. tate [bar] 2) ervice line (tandard pressure range) Fixing thread AE J518 DIN 13 1 in M10; 17 deep O 350 Inlet (standard pressure range) Fixing thread AE J518 DIN 13 2 in M12; 20 deep 5 Case drain DIN 3852 M22x1,5 2 O 3) 1 Case draint DIN 3852 M22x1,5 2 plugged 3) Pilot pressure DIN 3852 M14x1,5; 12deep 350 O Control pressure for DG control DIN 3852 G 1/4 in 120 O Y Pilot support pressure DIN 3852 M14x1,5; 12 deep max. 35 O M Measuring outlet pressure AE 3852 G 1/4 in 350 plugged M st Measuring pilot support pressure DIN 3853/IO 8434 Tube dia. 8 mm max. 18 closed DIN ) For the max. tightening torques the instructions on page must be observed. 2) Application dependent pressure spikes can occur.. Please consider this when selecting measuring equipment or fittings 3) Dependent on the installation position, port or 1 must be connected O = Must be connected (plugged on delivery) Drive shafts O plined shaft 1 1/4 in 14T 12/24 DP 4) AE J (C) 5/16-18UNC-2 Ø1 1/4in R plined shaft 1 1/4 in 14T 12/24 DP 4) AE J (C) ø1 1/4in usable spline lenght 4) ANI 92.1a-1976, 30 pressure angle, flat base, flank centering, fit class 5 5/16-18UNC P Keyed shaft M10 Ø32 j

23 RE 92711/06.09 A10VO eries 31 osch Rexroth AG 23/ Dimensions, size 71 DFR/DFR1 Pressure/flow control, port plate 12 not for new applications efore finalising your design please request a certified installation drawing. Dimensions in mm V View V 52.4 Ø AE 1in (AE 1 1/4in) View W Ø50 W 42.9 Note At pressure port there are two AE flanged ports available, each offset by 90. AE 1 1/4 inch, standard pressure range, 3000 psi, for pressures up to 250 bar. AE 1 inch, standard pressure range, 5000 psi, for pressures up to 350 bar. For operating pressures above 250 bar the standard pressure AE 1 inch port must be used. Ports Designation Port for tandard ize 1) Peak press. [bar] 2) ervice line (standard pressure range) AE J518 1 in (+ 1 1/4 in) Fixing thread DIN 13 M10; 17 deep 350 (250) Inlet (standard pressure range Fixing thread AE J518 DIN 13 2 in M12; 20 deep 5 Case drain DIN 3852 M22x1,5 2 O 3) 1 Case drain DIN 3852 M22x1,5 2 plugged 3) Pilot pressure DIN 3852 M14x1,5; 12 deep 350 O Control pressure for DG control DIN 3852 G 1/4 in 120 O Y Pilot support pressure DIN 3852 M14x1,5; 12 deep max. 35 O M Measuring outlet pressure AE 3852 G 1/4 in 350 plugged M st Measuring pilot support pressure DIN 3853/IO 8434 Tube dia. 8 mm max. 18 closed DIN ) For the max. tightening torques the instructions on page must be observed. 2) Application dependent pressure spikes can occur.. Please consider this when selecting measuring equipment or fittings 3) Dependent on the installation position, port or 1 must be connected O = Must be connected (plugged on delivery) tate O O

24 24/ osch Rexroth AG A10VO eries 31 RE 92711/06.09 Dimensions, size 71 DG Two point control, directly operated, port plate (12) 42 efore finalising your design please request a certified installation drawing. Dimensions in mm DFR Pressure/flow/power control port plate (12) G 1/4in DR Pressure control, port plate (12) max 160 DRG Pressure control, remote, port plate (12) max 110 FHD Displacement control, pilot press. dependent with press. control; port plate (12) M Y Mst Mst For details of hydraulic connections see pages 22 and 23

25 RE 92711/06.09 A10VO eries 31 osch Rexroth AG 25/ Notes

26 26/ osch Rexroth AG A10VO eries 31 RE 92711/06.09 Dimensions, size 100 DFR/DFR1 Pressure/flow control; efore finalising your design please request a certified installation drawing. Dimensions in mm 88.9 Ø60 Flange IO View V View W Ø Ø125 h V W max Ports Designation Port for tandard ize 1) Peak press. [bar] 2) ervice line (high pressure range) AE J /4 in Fixing thread DIN 13 M14; 19 deep 350 Drive shafts Inlet (standard pressure range Fixing thread AE J518 DIN /2 in M12; 17 deep 5 Case drain DIN 3852 M27x2 2 O 3) 1 Case drain DIN 3852 M27x2 2 plugged 3) Pilot pressure DIN 3852 M14x1,5; 12 deep 350 O Control pressure for DG control DIN 3852 G 1/4 in 120 O Y Pilot support pressure DIN 3852 M14x1,5; 12 deep max. 35 O M Measuring outlet pressure AE 3852 G 1/4 in 350 plugged M st Measuring pilot support pressure DIN 3853/IO 8434 Tube dia. 8 mm max. 18 closed DIN ) For the max. tightening torques the instructions on page must be observed. 2) Application dependent pressure spikes can occur.. Please consider this when selecting measuring equipment or fittings 3) Dependent on the installation position, port or 1 must be connected O = Must be connected (plugged on delivery) tate O O plined shaft 1 1/2 in 17T 12/24 DP 4) AE J (C-C) 7/16-14UNC-2 Ø1 1/2in P Keyed shaft M12 Ø j ) ANI 92.1a-1976, 30 pressure angle, flat base, flank centering, fit class 5

27 RE 92711/06.09 A10VO eries 31 osch Rexroth AG 27/ Dimensions, size 100 DG Two point control, directly operated DFR Pressure/flow/power control efore finalising your design please request a certified installation drawing. Dimensions in mm R 1/4in DR Pressure control FHD Displ. control, pilot press. dependent, with press. control M 49 DRG Pressure control, remote 228 max. 110 max M T

28 28/ osch Rexroth AG A10VO eries 31 RE 92711/06.09 Dimensions, size 1 DFR/DFR1 Pressure/flow control; efore finalising your design please request a certified installation drawing. Dimensions in mm Flange IO Y V Ø63 Ø32 View V 31.8 View W 50.8 Ø180 h W Name plate View Y Ports Designation Port for tandard ize 1) Peak pressure [bar] 2) ervice line (high pressure range) AE J /4 in Fixing thread DIN 13 M14; 19 deep 350 Inlet (standard pressure range) Fixing thread AE J518 DIN /2 in M12; 17 deep 5 Case drain DIN 3852 M27x2 2 O 3) 1 Case drain DIN 3852 M27x2 2 plugged 3) Pilot pressure DIN 3852 M14x1,5; 12 deep 350 O Pilot pressure for DG control DIN 3852 M14x1,5; 12 deep 120 O M H Measuring high pressure DIN 3852 M14x1,5; 12 deep 350 plugged Y Pilot support pressure DIN 3852 M14x1,5; 12 deep max. 35 O M st Measuring pilot support pressure DIN 3853/IO 8434 Tube dia. 8 mm max. 18 closed DIN ) For the max. tightening torques the instructions on page must be observed. 2) Application dependent pressure spikes can occur.. Please consider this when selecting measuring equipment or fittings 3) Dependent on the installation position, port or 1 must be connected O = Must be connected ( closed with protective covers on delivery) tate O O Drive shafts plined shaft 1 3/4 in 13T 8/16 DP 1) AE J (D) 1/2-13UNC-2 Ø1 3/4in P Keyed shaft M16 Ø45 j ) ANI 92.1a-1976, 30 pressure angle, flat base, flank centering, fit class 5

29 RE 92711/06.09 A10VO eries 31 osch Rexroth AG 29/ Dimensions, size 1 DG Two point control, directly operated DFR Pressure/flow/power control efore finalising your design please request a certified installation drawing. Dimensions in mm M H DR Pressure control DRG Pressure control, remote FHD Displ. control, pilot press. dependent with press. control Y Mst

30 30/ osch Rexroth AG A10VO eries 31 RE 92711/06.09 Through drive dimensions K01 Flange AE J (A) coupler for splined shaft to ANI 92.1a /8in 9T 16/32 DP 1) (AE J (A)) efore finalising your design please request a certified installation drawing. Dimensionsin mm A A 4 9 ize A 1 A 4 A M10; 14 deep M10; 14,5 deep M10; 14,5 deep ø106.5 ø M10; 17 deep M10; 17 deep M10; 17 deep A 5 A 1 10 K52 Flange AE J (A) coupler for splined shaft to ANI 92.1a /4in 11T 16/32 DP 1) (AE J (A-)) A A 4 A 3 ize A 1 A 2 A 3 A 4 A ,5 43 M10; 14,5 deep ,5 47 M10; 16 deep ,5 53 M10; 16 deep ø106.5 ø ,5 61 M10; 20 deep ,5 65 M10; 20 deep ,5 77 M10; 17 deep A 5 A 2 A 1 10 K68 Flange AE J () coupler for splined shaft to ANI 92.1a /8in 13T 16/32 DP 1) (AE J ()) omitted on size 28 A A 4 A 3 ize A 1 A 2 A 3 A 4 A ,5 47 M12; through bore ,5 53 M12; 18 deep ø146 A 5 ø ,5 61 M12; 20 deep ,5 65 M12; 20 deep ,5 77 M12; 20 deep omitted on size A 2 A 1 1) 30 pressure angle, flat base, flank centering, fit class 5

31 RE 92711/06.09 A10VO eries 31 osch Rexroth AG 31/ Through drive dimensions K04 Flange AE J () coupler for splined shaft to ANI 92.1a in 15T 16/32 DP 1) (AE J (-)) efore finalising your design please request a certified installation drawing. Dimensions in mm A A 3 ize A 1 A 3 A 4 A M12; 18 deep M12; 20 deep M12; 20 deep ø146 A 2 ø M12; 20 deep A 4 A 1 10 K07 Flange AE J (C) coupler for splined shaft to ANI 92.1a /4in 14T 12/24 DP 1) (AE J (C)) ize A 1 A 2 A 3 A 4 A 5 A omitted on size 71 ø181 omitted on size 71 A 4 A 3 ø ,5 17,9 61 M16; through bore ,5 17,9 65 M16; through bore ,5 17,9 77 M16; 24 deep A 2 A 1 13 K24 Flange AE J (C) coupler for splined shaft to ANI 92.1a /2in 17T 12/24 DP 1) (AE J (C-C)) A A 4 A 3 ize A 1 A 3 A 4 A M16; through bore M16; 24 deep ø181 A 5 ø A ) 30 pressure angle, flat base, flank centering, fit class 5

32 32/ osch Rexroth AG A10VO eries 31 RE 92711/06.09 Through drive dimensions efore finalising your design please request a certified installation drawing. Dimensions in mm K17 Flange AE J (D) coupler for splined shaft to ANI 92.1a /4in 13T 8/16 DP 1) (AE J (D)) A A 4 A 3 ize A 1 A 3 A 4 A M16; through bore ø A 5 A 1 13 K57 Metric 4-bolt flange for mounting a radial piston pump R4 (see RE 11263) coupler for metric keyed shaft 8 J8 A A 2 A 3 ize A 1 A 2 A ø80 ø63 H M8 9 ø25 H7 A 1 1) 30 pressure angle, flat base, flank centering, fit class 5

33 RE 92711/06.09 A10VO eries 31 osch Rexroth AG 33/ Through drive dimensions efore finalising your design please request a certified installation drawing. Dimensions in mm K2 Flange IO A2W coupler for splined shaft to ANI 92.1a /4in 11T 16/32 DP 1) (AE J (A-)) A A 4 ize A 1 A 2 A 3 A 4 A ,5 43 M10; 14,5 deep A ,5 47 M10; 16 deep ,5 53 M10; 16 deep Ø109 Ø ,5 61 M10; 20 deep ,5 65 M10; 20 deep ,5 77 M10; 17 deep A 2 A 1 10 A 3 K3 Flange IO A2W coupler for splined shaft to ANI 92.1a /8in 13T 16/32 DP 1) (AE J ()) A Ø1 A 5 Ø ize A 1 A 2 A 3 A ,5 M12; through bore ,5 M12; through bore ,5 M12; 20 deep ,5 M12; 20 deep ,5 M12; 20 deep A 2 A 1 10 A 3 K4 Flange IO A2W coupler for splined shaft to ANI 92.1a in 15T 16/32 DP 1) (AE J (-)) A A 5 ize A 1 A 2 A 3 A M12; through bore M12; 20 deep Ø1 Ø M12; 20 deep M12; 20 deep A 1 A 2 10 A 3 1) 30 pressure angle, flat base, flank centering, fit class 5

34 34/ osch Rexroth AG A10VO eries 31 RE 92711/06.09 Through drive dimensions efore finalising your design please request a certified installation drawing. Dimensions in mm K5 Flange IO A2W coupler for splined shaft to ANI 92.1a /4in 14T 12/24 DP 1) (AE J (C)) A omitted on size71 omitted on size71 A 5 Ø ize A 1 A 2 A 3 A ,5 17,9 M16; through bore ,5 17,9 M16; through bore ,5 17,9 M16; 24 deep A 3 A 2 A 1 K6 Flange IO A2W coupler for splined shaft to ANI 92.1a /2in 17T 12/24 DP 1) (AE J (C-C)) A A 5 Ø ize A 1 A 2 A 3 A M16; through bore M16; 24 deep A 3 A 2 A 1 A Ø K7 Flange IO HW coupler for splined shaft to ANI 92.1a /4in 13T 8/16 DP 1) (AE J (D)) ize A 1 A 2 A 3 A M16; through bore A A 3 10 A 2 A 1 1) 30 pressure angle, flat base, flank centering, fit class 5

35 RE 92711/06.09 A10VO eries 31 osch Rexroth AG 35/ Overview of attachements AE-mounting flange Through drive - A10V()O Mounting option - 2. pump Through Flange Coupler for Code A10V()O/31 A10V()O/52 (53) Gear pump drive available on (AE-J744) splined shaft ize (shaft) ize (shaft) size 82-2 (A) 16-4 (5/8 in) K01 18 (U) 10 (U) (18 (U)) eries F 18 to (3/4 in) K52 18 (, R) 10 () (18 (, R)) eries F 18 to () 22-4 (7/8 in) K68 28 (, R) 28 (, R) eries N, G 28 to 1 45 (U, W) 1) 45 (U, W) 1) 25-4 (1 in) K04 28 (, R) 45 (, R) 28 to (, R) 63 (U, W) 2) (C) 32-4 (1 1/4 in) K07 71 (, R) 85 (U, W) 3) 71 to (U) 3) 38-4 (1 1/2 in) K () 85 () 100 to (4-bolt D) 44-4 (1 3/4 in) K17 1 () 1 1) Not with K68-through drive on main pump size 28 2) Not with K04-through drive on main pump size 45 3) Not with K07-through drive on main pump size 71 IO-mounting flange Through drive - A10V()O Mounting option - 2. pump Through Flange Coupler for Code A10V()O/31 A10V()O/52 (53) Gear pump drive available on (IO ) splined shaft ize (shaft) ize (shaft) size IO 80, 2-bolt 19-4 (3/4 in) K2 18 (, R) 10 () (18 (, R)) 18 to 1 IO 100, 2-bolt 22-4 (7/8 in) K3 28 (, R) 28 (, R) eries N, G 28 to (1 in) K4 45 (, R) 45 (, R) 45 to 1 IO 125, 2-bolt 32-4 (1 1/4 in) K5 71 (, R) 85 () 71 to (1/2 in) K6 100 () 100 to 1 IO 180, 4-bolt 44-4 (1 3/4 in) K7 1 () 1 Keyed shaft Through drive - A10V()O Mounting option - 2. pump Through Coupler for Code A10V()O/31 A10V()O/52 (53) Radial piston pump drive available on Keyed shaft ize (shaft) ize (shaft) size Metric, 4-bolt K57 R4 28 to 1

36 36/ osch Rexroth AG A10VO eries 31 RE 92711/06.09 Combination pumps A10VO + A10VO The use of combination pumps offers the possibility of independent pump circuits without the need for a splitter gearbox. When ordering combination pumps the designations for the 1. and the 2. pump must be joined by a + sign. Example: A10VO 100DR/31R-PC12K07 + A10VO 71DR/31R-PC12N00 If a gear pump or a radial piston pump must be factory-mounted please consult us. Permissible moment of inertia The A10V()O axial piston unit can be supplied with a through drive according to the ordering code on page 3. The through drive version is designated by the code numbers (K01-K24). If no other pumps are factory-mounted, the simple type designation is sufficient. The delivery of a pump with through drive includes the shaft coupler, the seal and if applicable an adapter flange. Every through drive is closed with a non protective cover upon delivery. Prior to start up this cover must be replaced by a pressure tight cover (or a 2nd pump). Through drives can be ordered with a pressure tight cover. Please indicate in clear text. It is permissible to combine two single pumps of the same size (tandem pump) and operate the combination with a max. permissible dynamic acceleration of 10g (98.1 m/s 2 ) without additional support. ize Permissible moment of inertia static T m Nm dynamic at 10g (98.1 m/s 2 ) T m Nm Weight m kg To center of gravity 1 mm l 1 m 1 m 2 m 3 l 1, l 2, l 3 To center of gravity [mm] m 1, m 2, m 3 Weight of pump [kg] Tm = (m 1 l 1 + m 2 l 2 + m 3 l 3 ) [Nm] l2 l 3

37 RE 92711/06.09 A10VO eries 31 osch Rexroth AG 37/ Installation instructions General The pump housing must be filled with fluid during commissioning and operation and must be deaerated. This must also be the case after prolonged periods of standstill since the system can empty itself through the hydraulic lines. This is especially important with the mounting position shaft end upwards or downwards : make sure that the housing is completely filled with fluid, to prevent the bearings and shaft seal from running dry and overheating. Connect the highest one of the case drain ports with tubing of the light series wall thickness and the largest size corresponding to the port size. In order to attain the lowest noise level, all connections (suction, pressure, pilot, and case drain) must be linked by flexible members to tank and try to avoid mounting above the reservoir. In case of combination pumps with different case drain pressures it is necessary that each pump has its own case drain line. In every operating condition the inlet and the case drain lines must always enter the reservoir below the minimum fluid level (h t min = 200 mm). The permissible suction height h depends on the overall suction pressure losses, but may never exceed h max = 800 mm. The minimum inlet pressure at port may not fall below the minimum value of p abs min = 0.8 bar under any static or dynamic condition. Installation position ee the following examples1 to 15. Recommended positions: 1 and 3. For more installation position please consult us. Mounting below the reservoir (tandard) This is the case whenever the pump is mounted below the min. fluid level. The pump can be installed next to or underneath the reservoir. 1 F 1 min. 200 mm h t min 200 mm h min 100 mm Position Air bleed Filling 1, 3 and 5 F +, 1 (F) 2 and 4 F +, 1 (F) Mounting above reservoir 2 1 min. 200 mm F h t min 200 mm h min 100 mm min. 200 mm min. 200 mm min. 200 mm F F F h t min h t min h t min 200 mm 200 mm 200 mm h min h min h min 100 mm 100 mm 100 mm 1 Installation above the reservoir means that the pump is mounted above the min. fluid level. The use of a check valve in the case drain line is only permissible in individual cases and only after consulting us F 1 h s max 800 mm h t min 200 mm h min 100 mm min. 200 mm h s max 800 mm h t min 200 mm h min 100 mm F 1 min. 200 mm 8 9 F 1 h s max 800 mm min. 200 mm F h s max 800 mm h t min h t min 200 mm h t min 200 mm 200 mm h min 100 mm h min 100 mm h min 100 mm 1 min. 200 mm 10 h s max 800 mm F 1 min. 200 mm Position Air bleed Filling 6, 8 and 10 F, 1 (F) 7 and 9 F +, 1 (F) / 1 = case drain port, F = air bleed- or. fill port, = inlet port, = baffle plate, h t min = minimum permissible immersion depth, h max = maximum permissible suction height

38 38/ osch Rexroth AG A10VO eries 31 RE 92711/06.09 Installation instructions Inside the reservoir Mounting inside the reservoir. This means that the pump is mounted within the fluid volume. 11 min. 200 mm 12 min. 200 mm 13 min. 200 mm 14 min. 200 mm 15 min. 200 mm 1 ht min h min 100 mm 1 ht min h min 100 mm 1 ht min h min 100 mm 1 ht min h min 100 mm 1 ht min h min 100 mm Position Air bleed Filling 11, 13 and 15, 1, 1 12 and 14, 1 +, 1 / 1 = case drain port, F = air bleed or fill port, = inlet port, = baffle plate, h t min = minimum permissible immersion depth, h t max = maximum permissible suction height

39 RE 92711/06.09 A10VO eries 31 osch Rexroth AG 39/ Notes

40 / osch Rexroth AG A10VO eries 31 RE 92711/06.09 General instructions The pump A10VO was designed for operation in open loop circuits ystems design, installation and commissioning requires trained technicians or tradesmen. All hydraulic ports can only be used for the fastening of hydraulic service lines. During and shortly after operation of a pump the housing and especially a solenoid can be extremely hot, avoid being burned; take suitable safety measures (wear protective clothing). Dependent on the operating conditions of the axial piston pump (operating pressure, fluid temperature) deviations in the performance curves can occur. Pressure ports: All materials and port threads are selected and designed in such a manner, that they can withstand the peak pressures. The machine and system manufacturer must ensure, that all connecting elements and hydraulic lines are suitable for the actual operating pressures. Pressure cut off and pressure control are not suitable for providing system protection against excessive pressures. A suitable overall main line relief valve must be incorporated. All given data and information must be adhered to. The following tightening torques are valid: - Female threads in the axial piston unit: the maximum permissible tightening torques M GMax are maximum values for the female threads in the pump casting and may not be exceeded. Value see table below. - Fittings: please comply with the manufacturer s information regarding the max. permissible tightening torques for the used fittings. - Fastening bolts: for fastening bolts to DIN 13 we recommend to check the permissible tightening torques in each individual case to VDI Plugs: for the metal plugs, supplied with the axial piston unit the following min. required tightening torques M V apply (see table). Thread size in ports Maximum permissible tightening torque M G max Min. required tightening torque M V G1/4 in DIN Nm 7/8-14 UNF-2 IO Nm 15 Nm 3/16 in 1 1/16-12 UNF-2 IO Nm 147 Nm 9/16 in M14x1,5 DIN Nm 35 Nm 6 mm M16x1,5 DIN Nm 50 Nm 8 mm M18x1,5 DIN Nm 60 Nm 8 mm M22x1,5 DIN Nm 80 Nm 10 mm M27x2 DIN Nm 135 Nm 12 mm Across the flats in Allan screw osch Rexroth AG Hydraulics Axial Piston Units An den Kelterwiesen Horb, Germany Telefon +49 (0) Telefax +49 (0) info.brm-ak@boschrexroth.de This document, as well as the data, specifications and other information set forth in it, are the exclusive property of osch Rexroth AG. It may not be reproduced or given to third parties without its consent. The data specified above only serve to describe the product. No statements concerning a certain condition or suitability for a certain application can be derived from our information. The information given does not release the user from the obligation of own judgment and verification. It must be remembered that our products are subject to a natural process of wear and aging. ubject to change.