AFTES POST-GRADUATE SPECIALISED MASTER S DEGREE TUNNELS AND UNDERGROUND STRUCTURES. from design to operation.

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1 AFTES POST-GRADUATE SPECIALISED MASTER S DEGREE TUNNELS AND UNDERGROUND STRUCTURES from design to operation

2 Post-graduate specialised Master degree TUNNELS AND UNDERGROUND STRUCTURES from design to operation Land development at national or international level requires large-scale rail and road network projects that include a considerable number of underground structures to cross natural obstacles. Similarly, the use of underground space is a possible solution to problems raised by the development of large urban areas. While there have been a number of technical innovations in the field of underground construction over the last three decades, there are now new challenges to address such as safety, the use of a sustainable development approach and the methods used for project management and financing. To meet these challenges, AFTES 7, bringing together the key actors in the French underground construction sector, and the Syndicat des Travaux Souterrains (underground construction works association), have stressed the need for engineers with high-level specialised training in this sector covering the technical aspects as well as all concerning the design, construction and management of underground structures. To meet this demand, INSA de Lyon 8 and ENTPE 9 in association with AFTES and CETU 10 are offering a post-graduate programme called TUNNELS AND UNDERGROUND STRUCTURES: from design to operation. This programme is accredited as a specialised post graduate master s degree by the French Conférence des Grandes Ecoles. q Programme objectives The Tunnels and underground structures Master s programme is designed to provide generalist civil engineers with a year-long post-graduate course in tunnels and underground structures that will give students the skills to rapidly rise to management positions in construction companies, project management firms, and client and contractor structures. The goal is to train professionals with solid skills in all technical aspects of underground construction and provide them with extensive knowledge of the overall design process for underground structures from the upstream project definition phases to operational and maintenance constraints. Consequently, the programme aims to provide students with: Solid scientific and technical bases in the understanding of ground behaviour, approaches to design and construction methods. A good sense of the concept of risks at all stages, while incorporating environmental and sustainable development constraints. A good understanding and knowledge of all the components of an underground structure project from the upstream feasibility phases to the downstream project construction phases, including constraints related to operating the structure. Providing a firm grasp of regulatory and contractual aspects as well as a global vision of all the various stages and constraints is expected to give graduates of this Master s programme the resources they need to qualify for project management positions incorporating a comprehensive outlook on developing underground space from a sustainable development perspective. q Partners The specialised Master s degree is jointly awarded by INSA de Lyon and ENTPE in close partnership with AFTES and CETU. It has obtained ITA/AITES 11 endorsement and support from the FNTP 12 Syndicat des Travaux Souterrains. INSA and ENTPE are two French Grandes Écoles (Technical Universities) whose high-level civil engineering training programs are considered by the industry to be among the best available. For many years, these two institutions have also been conducting nationally and internationally recognised research in the field of underground construction. 7 Association Française des Tunnels et de l Espace Souterrain (French association of tunnels and underground space) 8 Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (national institute of applied sciences) 9 Ecole Nationale des Travaux publics de l Etat (national school of public works) 10 Centre d Etudes Des Tunnels (tunnels study centre) 11 International tunnelling and underground space association 12 Fédération Nationale des Travaux Publics (national federation of public works)

3 AFTES brings together all the main French stakeholders working in the construction and underground space sector. In particular, it works to advance knowledge in underground construction in the scientific, technical, legal, administrative, economic and social fields. Its work has resulted in the publication of a large number of recommendations, both in French and English. CETU is a government body within the French Ministry of Ecology, Sustainable Development, Transport and Housing that oversees all aspects relating to tunnels. It develops research and guidelines concerning the various aspects of underground constructions : civil engineering, equipment and the operation of underground structures. AITES is an international association made up of 58 national groups (or Member Nations) and over 300 Affiliate Members from all sectors of the Tunnels and Underground Space Industry. Its objectives are to: Encourage the use of underground space to benefit the general public, the environment and sustainable development Promote advances in planning, projects, construction, maintenance, renovation and safety of tunnels and underground space by compiling and comparing data as well as studying the resulting issues. q Who can attend This course is designed for graduates of generalist programmes in the fields of civil and geotechnical engineering or professionals with a background in related fields such as mechanics. Prerequisite Degrees Graduates with a BAC+5 degree or equivalent (Engineer, Master s) Equivalent foreign degrees Company executives with a BAC + 4 education and three years of professional experience q Careers and opportunities Careers Tunnel project management engineer Quantity surveyor engineer Project and construction methods engineer Management engineer for underground structures under construction Management engineer for underground structures in operation Opportunities Major clients working in transport infrastructures, underground networks, urban development, energy and storage Major construction companies and their subsidiaries specialising in underground construction Engineering firms working in construction project management and/or overseeing project design and execution, worksite supervision, specialised engineering firms Companies working in the equipping of underground structures, specialised equipment constructors Companies specialising in maintenance and repairs for underground structures Public technical agencies, inspection authorities and bodies q The programme s advantages Two French Technical Universities of reference in civil engineering involved in underground construction research Close partnership with AFTES, CETU and leaders in the underground construction field Numerous opportunities in a sector that is constantly developing, both nationally and internationally Programme internationally endorsed by AITES Teaching staff consisting largely of professionals and calling on national and international experts Diverse educational methods combining classes, lectures, field trips and projects 5 months internship Financial aid available for students and job seekers q Curriculum The Master s classes are held in two 5-month sessions: One semester of coursework (October to February) - Theory classes, directed studies and specialised lectures (316 hrs.) - A group project covering all design and construction stages (150 tutored hours) One semester of internship (March to July) - Tutored by the faculty and the host company. - In preparation for academic defence of a professional thesis. Classes and project tutoring make considerable use of French and foreign teachers and experts working in the profession.

4 Language Most classes are given in French. However, considering the international nature of the underground construction industry, some classes and lectures are given in English. To take this course, candidates must have a good knowledge of English and French. A TOEIC level of 700 points and 490 points on the TCF test (French knowledge test) would be a plus factor in taking this course. Location of classes and material resources The course is taught at INSA and ENTPE. Students will be given access to the IT networks and software tools needed to complete their projects. q Admissions Applicants are selected in two stages: Screening stage based on application file - A detailed Curriculum Vitae - A letter of interest - A copy of diploma - A list of the notes obtained over the last two years of training - Other elements such as letters of recommendation would be seen positively for admission to the course Selection based on an interview before a panel of teachers and professionals. Interviews are held in early July and applicants are informed of the decision in mid-july. q Tuition fees Tuition fees include coursework, written materials and academic support. Company employee in a staff training programme Employee on individual training leave Student and job seekers 15,000 inc. tax 15,000 inc. tax 7,500 inc. tax Financial support may be granted to French and foreign students and job seekers on submitting an application and following a committee review. The 5 months internship may be remunerated. q Programme overview There are six modules in the first semester of classes in addition to specialised lectures and a project as outlined in the table below. Classes and project Classes Lectures ECTS* Basics/Foundations 60 hrs. 6 General project approach 46 hrs. 12 hrs. 6 Construction techniques 54 hrs. 20 hrs. 7 Design 59 hrs. 4 hrs. 6.5 Equipment and safety during the operational phase 28 hrs. 6 hrs. 3 Tunnel asset management 24 hrs. 3 hrs. 2.5 Project 150 tutored hours 14 Work placement 5 months 30 * ECTS: European Credit Transfert System

5 q The project The real world project is completed in groups of three or four throughout the first semester of the course. During this time, students will be required to apply their knowledge in stages to a real life project. The purpose here is for students to implement their individual skills in a professional situation: Knowledge of the broad techniques and technologies that can be applied in underground construction. Clear understanding of the primary methods of analysis and design, as well as regulations and standardisation concerning underground construction. Documentary research, interaction with experts. Ability to work in, run and organise a team. Capacity to communicate both orally and in writing. The project will offer options so that each student can decide which parts or themes they wish to explore in greater depth. q Internship The course ends with a 5 month internship in a company in France or abroad. It is the key component of the programme and represents a considerable personal project where students have to display an ability to complete a project or engineering study in one of the fields of underground construction studied in the first semester theory classes. This work can be scientific, technical or methodological in nature. The objectives of the internship can be summarized in three items: Education: it is the last tutored component of the programme Career: the student experiences the work of a specialised engineer before beginning a real job Communication: writing a report (professional thesis) and orally defending the findings are designed to help students implement and develop professional communication skills. q Detailed program MODULE 1: Basics/foundations (60 hrs. of coursework - 6 ECTS credits) 1.1. Engineering Geology Families of rocks and formation of soils through rock weathering Discontinuities (faults, joints, strata, etc.) Stress within rock formations Aspects of geophysical surveying Aspects of hydrogeology Problematic geological formations 1.2. Mechanical behaviour of soils Physical identification of soils Groundwater flow Compressibility and consolidation Shear strength (drained, undrained, unsaturated, dilatancy, contractancy, liquefaction, etc) Behaviour of improved soils Soil testing in the laboratory and on site 1.3. Mechanical behaviour of rocks Identification and classifications Mechanical behaviour based on laboratory tests: rock strength, Instantaneous and delayed deformations Thermal and hydraulical properties of rocks Mechanical and hydromechanical behaviours of rock discontinuities Behaviour of rock formations at infrastructure scale Homogenisation of mechanical properties Correlation with in situ tests 1.4. Materials and structures Behaviour of concrete and reinforced concrete, shotcrete and fibre-reinforced concrete Behaviour of grouting, mortars and bolts (steel and fibreglass) Behaviour of steel structures (ribs, etc.) Fire resistance Ageing of construction materials: corrosion, leaching and creep

6 1.5. Introduction to numerical modelling Advanced constitutive equations Principle of numerical methods (Finite and Discrete Elements) Apprehending a FE software Selection of a constitutive equation, design of the mesh, boundary and initial conditions, design phasing, etc Managing unexpected events and risk analysis Review of principles of statistics Risk analysis methodology 1.7. Mini Project Application of basic notions taught to a project concerning the modelling of a simple buried structure using the finite element method. MODULE 2: General project approach (46 hrs. of coursework - 12 hrs. of specialised lectures 6 ECTS credits) 2.1. Overview of underground structures Requirements for underground structures Historical approach Specific aspects of underground works- Issues and Risks 2.2. General context and key players Stakeholders, their roles and responsibilities overview of the conventional scheme Regulatory framework 2.3. From design to construction Design: Definition of needs - Functional program Design criteria - Technical answers to the program Sustainable Development : upstream phase Main design phases - from feasibility phases to the definition of the tender documents - Estimated cost and completion time Contractual aspects of risk management - Overview of construction methods (concepts of cycles, rates and costs including judgment criteria of bids and finalization of contract) Construction General planning depending on the methods Interactive design approach - The observational approach - Key principles - Consequences on construction monitoring - Consequenses on execution studies - Consequences on contract management Impacts of worksites - Noise, vibrations, settlements, existing constructions, surface water, dewatering, transportations Sustainable development - Downstream phase 2.4. Beyond the conventional scheme Alternative schemes, in France and abroad MODULE 3: Construction techniques (54 hrs. of coursework - 20 hrs. of specialised lectures - 7 ECTS credits) 3.1. Introduction: Presentation of the range of techniques 3.2. Site investigations and monitoring General considerations and definition of application fields Geotechnical investigations prior to excavation and during progress of works Monitoring techniques during works 3.3. Tunnels - excavation and support Conventional method: full and partial sections Tunnels built using explosives Excavation using rock breaker or purpose-built machine Excavation using a rock tunnel boring machine Excavation by means of a tunnel boring machine for soils 3.4. Protection and lining Waterproofing and drainage Lining and outfitting 3.5. Ground improvement General

7 Specific tunnel starting techniques (soldier pile walls, jet grouting, anchored walls) Umbrella vault and pre-vault Ground injection techniques Ground freezing techniques Dewatering techniques 3.6. Ancillary and other structures Shafts, chimneys and inclined galleries Cut and cover tunnels Metro stations: various techniques (diaphragm walls, sheetpile walls, bracing, etc.) Recesses and inter-tube galleries Ventilation / air conditioning and pumping stations Specific techniques and related hazards 3.7. Special conferences For theme 3.3.2: MORSE and jumbo robotic For theme 3.3.4: TBM (tunnelling boring machines) for rock For theme 3.3.5: TBM for soil For theme 3.5.3: Umbrella vault and prevault Immersed tunnels Micro tunnelling and directional drilling 3.8. Mini Project MODULE 4: Design (59 hrs. of coursework - 4 hrs. of specialised lectures ECTS credits) 4.1. Design General introduction Describing a rock formation: GT1 AFTES recommendation Design principles for temporary support and lining Decision factors for tunnel boring machines 4.2. Design methods Definition of the geomechanical model Support Review of applicable standards - Eurocodes Tunnel stability Face stability Case study Design method for lining Tunnel boring machines for soft ground / hard rock Tunnels in urban environments - interactions with neighbouring infrastructures Design of retaining structures (cut and cover tunnels, tunnel portals) 4.3. Special conferences For theme 4.1: Particular case of tunnels in urban areas For theme 4.2: Particular case of the intersections 4.4. Mini Project MODULE 5: Equipments and safety during operation (28 hrs. of coursework - 6 hrs. of specialised lectures - 3 ECTS credits) 5.1. The broad principles of safety With respect to transport: road, rail and guided transport With respect to underground space 5.2. Basic principles of operation and safety for road tunnels 5.3. Basic principles of operation and safety for railways tunnels 5.4. Specific additional works relating to Installations During finalisation of the detailed design, during construction, and during operation Detailed organization of an equipment worksite 5.5. Special lectures - Self-evacuation procedures applying to Paris area - International approach for safety in underground spaces - Relative approach for safety in underground spaces (public rescue service experience) 5.6. Mini Project