New Trends in Organizing Print Library Materials

Transcription

1 Introduction New Trends in Organizing Print Library Materials With the dawn of the digital age, librarians began to seek new ways to store and organize information, to provide access to that information for patrons, and to provide new methods of awareness and communication for the general public about what libraries have to offer. Libraries must become customer focused rather than item or book focused Over time, libraries automated their catalog of book and periodical holdings for easier searching via computer; they utilized the World Wide Web to make library information available for free via web pages and web portals; and they began to communicate with library users and each other online in order to share resources, ask and answer questions, and connect people to information Text-only library catalog searches began to include hyperlinks, graphics, and interconnected holdings information from libraries around the country and around the world. Librarians relied heavily on the Internet to facilitate resource sharing among institutions, as well as to provide support for answering reference questions among themselves. Print Materials (Monographs) usually refers to printed books Manuscript Typescript pamphlets (unbound works less than 50 pages) ephemera (leaflets, sale catalog, political pamphlets, menus, theatre program) computer printouts newspaper clippings Serials also called periodicals (include journals, magazines, newspaper & annuals) monographs in series. Flow of Materials Technical Services Acquisition Item accessioned Ownership stamp Purchased, gift or donation Barcode Issue of serial recorded Cataloging Copy cataloging Original cataloging Descriptive cataloging Subject heading classification End processing Spine label Covering and/or reinforcing Book card/book pocket Encoding to OPAC

2 Flow of Materials Reader Services Circulation Shelving Promotion & display Reference & current awareness services Client education Collection Maintenance Shelving & shelf checking Stock taking Weeding Disposal binding IMPACT OF THE INTERNET ON CATALOGING (cited by Susan Amomoy) Accessibility of Free Tools Faster Retrieval and Exchange of information Telecatologing GENERAL INFORMATION SITES Internet Library for Librarians /maintained by Infoworks Technology Company ( etriever/cat.htm) GENERAL INFORMATION SITES Cataloguer s Toolbox maintained by Bibliographic Control Services of the Queen Elizabeth II Library at Memorial Library of Newfoundland ( GENERAL INFORMATION SITES Cataloger s Reference Shelf maintained by the Library Corporation ( htm) GENERAL INFORMATION SITES Library Cataloging and Classification by the Internet School Library Media Center Library ( catalog.htm)

3 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGING Library of Congress Cataloging ( Library of Congress catalog ( Cataloging Policy & Support Office (CPSO) Home page: DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGING OCLC BIBLIOGRAPHIC FORMATS AND STANDARD MANUAL ( c.htm) DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGING Training Guides for Descriptive Cataloging, maintained by Elizabeth A. Read of Queen s University Library ( at/sect02a/c02a2.html) SUBJECT CATALOGING Library of Congress Cataloging Policy & Support Office ( SUBJECT CATALOGING Subject Ccataloger s Electronic Resources Toolkit, prepared by Jan Herd ( beonline/toolkit.html) SERIALS CATALOGING Tools for Serials Catalogers: A Collection of Useful Sites and Sources created and maintained by Ann Ercelawn ( u/ercelawn/serials.html.

4 SERIALS CATALOGING Serials Cataloging Tools / prepared by the Serials Dept. at the UC Davis General Library ( s/pages/cat.html) SERIALS CATALOGING Serials Cataloging: Fields Required in Full and Core Records / by the MIT Libraries Collection Services ( /colserv/sercat/corerquired.htm) Impact on Technical Services (cited by David, 2009) Information comes in multimedia format and libraries have become hybrid and/or digital and virtual. Technical staff must learn new skills in organizing information Technical staff must adapt to the changing acquisition and cataloguing practices Basic Tools in Organizing Library Collections Major Classification System used Dewey Decimal Classification System (DDC), used by most public libraries Library of Congress Classification System (LC), used by most college, university, and research libraries. Another important classification system for health-science students to know is the National Library of Medicine Classification System (NLM), created by the National Institute of Health s National Library of Medicine, and mainly used by major health sciences collections such as UCLA s Biomedical Library. In each of these systems a set of numbers, a set of letters of the alphabet, or configurations of both stand for subject areas. Today s Trends in Organizing Library Collection: Subject Heading Sears List of Subject Heading LC of Subject Headings (5 volumes Authors Notation Two/Three/Four Cutters Figure Cutter-Sanborn three figure author table 1. Eliminate redundant cataloguing practices by: Using catalogue records done by other organizations such as Publishers Web OPAC of other libraries Cataloguing services like worldcat Shifting to highly automated cataloguing and indexing

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7 Today s Trends cont 2. Development of New Cataloguing Standards Resource Description and Access (RDA) an online service to take the place of AACR2 which is scheduled for release last November RDA is recommended because it has more flexibility for machine-based cataloging. For more information go to: RDA is a new standard for resource description and access designed for the digital world. It is envisioned to provide: A flexible framework for describing all resources - analog and digital Data that is readily adaptable to new and emerging database structures Data that is compatible with existing records in online library catalogues Key Elements of RDA Set 1. Recording Attributes The major focus of RDA will be on providing guidelines and instructions on recording data to reflect attributes of, and relationships between, the entities defined in FRBR and FRAD. There are 10 sections. The first set focus on recording attributes for FRBR entities. The second set focus on recording relationships between these entities. Section 1 -Recording attributes of manifestation and item Section 2 -Recording attributes of work and expression Section 3 -Recording attributes of person, family, and corporate body Section 4 -Recording attributes of concept, object, event, and place Set 2. Recording Relationships RDA structure Section 5 -Recording primary relationships Section 6 -Recording relationships to persons, families, and corporate bodies associated with a resource Section 7 -Recording subject relationships Section 8 -Recording relationships between works, expressions, manifestations and items Section 9 -Recording relationships between persons, families, and corporate bodies Section 10 -Recording relationships between concepts, objects, events, and places AACR2 Part I: Description Part II: Access RDA Part A - Description Part I: Description Part II: Relationships Part B Part III: Access Point Control

8 New Terminology AACR2 terms Heading Authority control Authorized heading Main Entry Added Entry Uniform title RDA terms Access point Access point control Preferred access point Primary Access point Secondary Access point Preferred title Why a new standard? Simplify rules Encourage use as a content standard for metadata schema Encourage international applicability Provide more consistency Address current problems Principle-based Build on cataloger s judgment Encourage application of FRBR Organization of RDA: 3 parts Disadvantages Part I Resource Description functional objectives and principles of resource description Part II Relationships persons, families and corporate bodies citations for related works instructions for particular types of works Part III Access Point Control formulating access points and recording data used in access point control RDA is an online service and requires subscription A lot of training is required not only for RDA but also for Metadata systems like Dublin Core METS MODS Today s Trends cont 3. Development of Institutional Repositories or IRs Preservation vs. Access Software: Much are open source Content: What to digitize Copyright Staff: TS staff freed from their cataloguing tasks may use their skills in creating and organizing IRs Open Source IR Software Greenstone DSpace Fedora

9 Greenstone Greenstone is a suite of open source, multilingual software for building, distributing and publishing digital library collections on the Internet or on CD-ROM. It is produced by the New Zealand Digital Library Project at the University of Waikato. It was developed and distributed in cooperation with UNESCO and the Human Info (Humanitarian Information for All) NGO and issued under the terms of the GNU (pronounced g-noo)general Public License. For more information go to: DSpace DSpace is an open source software for academic, non-profit, and commercial organizations building open digital repositories.dspace preserves and enables easy and open access to all types of digital content including text, images, moving images, mpegs and data sets. It was developed by the MIT Libraries and Hewlett- Packard (HP). And with an ever-growing community of developers, it is committedto continuously expanding and improving the software. For more information go to Fedora Fedora is a Linux-based operating system. It is free for anyone to use, modify and distribute. It is built by people across the globe who work together as a community: the Fedora Project. The Fedora Project is open and anyone is welcome to join. For more information go to: Today s trends cont.. 4. Increasing use of Tagging or Folksonomy, a system of classification derived from the practice and method of collaboratively creating and managing tags to annotate and categorize content. This practice is also known as collaborative tagging, social classification, social indexing, and social tagging. The wordfolksonomyis a combination of the term folk and taxonomy. It became popular on the Web around 2004 as part of social software applications such as social bookmarking and photograph annotation. Today s trends cont.. Impact on Staff Changing job descriptions Obtaining new skills Retaining skilled staff Succession planning MARC tag overview 00X Control numbers and coded info 1XX Main entry heading 2XX Title, description paragraphs and related fields 3XX Physical description 4XX Series statements 5XX Notes fields 6XX Subject heading 7XX Added entries and linking entries 8XX Series added entries 9XX Local system use fields

10 AEA trends in organizing print collection Accessioning Develop e-accession record Cataloging Online cataloging tools Marc 21 as encoding standard Use of online cutters table Preservation Digitization of archival materials (thesis/dissertation, university publication, memorabilia, photos) Sonia M. Gementiza