User s Manual. Multifunction Transducer MT440

Transcription

1 User s Manual GB Multifunction Transducer MT440

2

3 Table of contents Table of Contents 1. SECURITY ADVICE AND WARNINGS Welcome Introduction Health and safety Safety warnings and instructions for use Warnings, information and notes regarding designation of the product BASIC DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION OF MEASURING TRANSDUCER Introduction Glossary Description of the product Purpose and use of measuring transducer CONNECTION Introduction Mounting Electric connection Connection of input/output modules Communication connection Connection of auxiliary power supply SETTINGS Introduction MiQen software Setting procedure General settings Connection Communication Security Energy Inputs and outputs Alarms Reset operations MEASUREMENTS Introduction Supported measurements Available connections Explanation of basic concepts Calculation and display of measurements Present values User s Manual iii

4 Table of contents 6. TECHNICAL DATA Applied standards Accuracy Inputs Connection I/O modules Communication Electronic features Safety features Mechanical Environmental conditions Dimensions APPENDIX A: MODBUS PROTOCOL Modbus communication protocol APPENDIX B: CALCULATIONS & EQUATIONS Calculations Equations iv User s Manual

5 1. SECURITY ADVICE AND WARNINGS Security advice and warnings 1.1 Welcome Introduction Health and safety Safety warnings and instructions for use Warnings, information and notes regarding designation of the product User s Manual 1

6 Security advice and warnings 1.1 Welcome Please read this chapter carefully before starting work with a measuring transducer. This chapter deals with important information and warnings that should be considered for safe handling with a measuring transducer. 1.2 Introduction This booklet contains instructions for installation and use of measuring transducer MT440. Installation and use of a device also includes handling with dangerous currents and voltages and shall be therefore carried out by qualified persons. The Iskra MIS Company assumes no responsibility in connection with installation and use of the product. If there is any doubt regarding installation and use of the system in which the instrument is used for measuring or supervision, please contact a person who is responsible for installation of such system. 1.3 Health and safety The purpose of this chapter is to provide a user with information concerning safe installation and handling with the product in order to assure its correct use and continuous operation. It is essential that everyone using the product is familiar with the contents of chapter»security Advices and Warnings«. If equipment is used in a manner not specified by the manufacturer, the protection provided by the equipment may be impaired. 1.4 Safety warnings and instructions for use Check the following before switching on the device: Nominal voltage, Proper connection of auxiliary supply, Nominal frequency, Voltage ratio and phase sequence, Current transformer ratio and terminals integrity, Protection fuse - recommended maximal external fuse size is 6 A, Proper connection of I/O modules. Important: A current transformer secondary should be short circuited before connecting the transducer. Important: See Chapter 3.3 Electric connection for safety warnings regarding connection. 2 User s Manual

7 Security advice and warnings Waste It is forbidden to deposit electrical and electronic equipment as municipal waste. The manufacturer or provider shall take waste electrical and electronic equipment free of charge. The complete procedure after lifetime should comply with the Directive 2002/96/EC about restriction on the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment. 1.5 Warnings, information and notes regarding designation of the product Used symbols: See product documentation. Double insulation in compliance with the SIST EN standard. Functional ground potential. Note: This symbol is also used for marking a terminal for protective ground potential if it is used as a part of connection terminal or auxiliary supply terminals. Compliance of the product with directive 2002/96/EC, as first priority, the prevention of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE), and in addition, the reuse, recycling and other forms of recovery of such wastes so as to reduce the disposal of waste. It also seeks to improve the environmental performance of all operators involved in the life cycle of electrical and electronic equipment. Compliance of the product with European CE directives. Contents of consignment The consignment includes: Measuring transducer MT440, label for I/O functionality description, quick guide. User s Manual 3

8 Basic description and operation of measuring transducer 2. BASIC DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION OF MEASURING TRANSDUCER 2.1 Introduction Glossary Description of the product Purpose and use of measuring transducer User s Manual

9 2.1 Introduction Basic description and operation of measuring transducer Description of symbols In different chapters or tables different symbols may appear in User s Manual. According to the position of symbols, they have different meaning. Subchapter Symbols next to the subchapters indicate accessibility of functions described. Accessibility of functions is indicated with the following symbols: Function accessible via communication (MiQen software) Tables Supported functions and measurements are listed in tables. Symbols in tables indicate support of enabled functions. Additionally a legend is placed below table of used symbols. Meaning of symbols is: Function is supported Function is not supported Symbol meaning varies and is described in the legend below the table User information For unknown technical terms please refer to Glossary on the next page. User s Manual 5

10 Basic description and operation of measuring transducer 2.2 Glossary Term RMS MODBUS MiQen AC PA total PA1, PA2, PA3 PF THD MD Hand-over place M v Sample factor M p Average interval Hysteresis expressed as percentage [%] PO AL AO FAO DO Explanation Root Mean Square value Industrial protocol for data transmission Software for Iskra MIS instruments Alternating voltage Angle calculated from total active and apparent power Angle between fundamental phase voltage and phase current Power factor Total harmonic distortion Measurement of average values in time interval Connection spot of consumer installation in public network Defines a number of periods for measuring calculation on the basis of measured frequency Defines frequency of refreshing displayed measurements on the basis of a Sample factor Percentage specifies increase or decrease of a measurement from a certain limit after exceeding it. Pulse output module Alarm output module Analog output module Fast analog output module Digital output module 2.3 Description of the product Measuring transducer is intended for measuring, analyzing and monitoring single-phase or threephase electrical power network. It measures RMS value by means of fast sampling of voltage and current signals, which makes instrument suitable for acquisition of transient events. A builtin microcontroller calculates measurements (voltage, current, frequency, energy, power, power factor, THD phase angles, etc.) from the measured signals. 6 User s Manual

11 Basic description and operation of measuring transducer Appearance Measuring transducer can differ from yours depending on the type and functionality. 1 Communication ports 2 I/O modules 3 Auxiliary supply 4 Voltage inputs 5 Current inputs 6 Power ON LED Communication ports and LED indicators Serial communication can be connected by using screw-in connector (RS232 or RS485). USB can be connected through USB-mini type connector at the bottom of transducer. LED indicator is intended for POWER ON signaling (red LED). Warning! USB communication port is provided with only BASIC insulation and can ONLY be used unconnected to aux. supply AND power inputs! I/O modules Four I/O module slots are intended for various I/O modules, which should be chosen at placing the order. Analog outputs, fast analog outputs, relay outputs (alarm, pulse, general-purpose digital outputs) and solid-state relay outputs (alarm, pulse, general-purpose digital outputs). Universal auxiliary supply Auxiliary supply is connected by two screw-in connectors. For safety purposes it is important that all wires are firmly fastened. Auxiliary supply is wide range (24 V DC 300 V DC ; 40 V AC 276 V AC ). Voltage inputs Each voltage input is connected to measuring circuit through input resistor chain (3.3 MΩ per phase). Maximum value of input voltage is 600 V L-N (1000 V L-L ). Current inputs Each current input is connected to measuring circuit through current transformer (0.01Ω per phase). Maximum allowed thermal value of input current is 15A (cont.). User s Manual 7

12 Basic description and operation of measuring transducer 2.4 Purpose and use of measuring transducer The instrument is used for monitoring and measuring electric quantities of three-phase electrical power distribution system. The meter is provided with 32 program adjustable alarms, up to four different modules and communication. With the RS232/RS485 and USB communication, the meter can be set and measurements can be checked. The meter also functions as an energy counter (up to four energy counters), with the additional function of cost management by tariffs. Supported measurements Phase Phase-to-phase Energy MD values Measurements Basic measurements Voltage U 1, U 2, U 3 and U ~ Current I 1, I 2, I 3, I n, I t and I a Active power P 1, P 2, P 3, and P t Reactive power Q 1, Q 2, Q 3, and Q t Apparent power S 1, S 2, S 3, and S t Power factor PF 1, PF 2, PF 3 and PF ~ Power angle φ 1, φ 2, φ 3 and φ ~ THD of phase voltage U f1, U f2 and U f3 THD of power angle I 1, I 2 and I 3 Phase-to-phase voltage U 12, U 23, U 31 Average phase-to-phase voltage U ff Phase-to-phase angle φ 12, φ 23, φ 31 THD of phase to phase voltage Counter 1 Counter 2 Counter 3 Counter 4 Active tariff Other measurements Phase current I 1, I 2, I 3 Active power P (Positive) Active power P (Negative) Reactive power Q L Reactive power Q C Apparent power S Other measurements Frequency Internal temperature 8 User s Manual

13 3. CONNECTION Connection 3.1 Introduction Mounting Electric connection Connection of input/output modules Communication connection Connection of auxiliary power supply User s Manual 9

14 Connection 3.1 Introduction This chapter deals with the instructions for measuring transducer connection. Both the use and connection of the device includes handling with dangerous currents and voltages. Only a qualified person shall therefore perform connection. Iskra MIS does not take any responsibility regarding the use and connection. If any doubt occurs regarding connection and use in the system, which device is intended for, please contact a person who is responsible for such installations. Before use: Check voltages and phase rotation, supply voltage and nominal frequency. A circuit breaker with current rating of at least 1A shall be included in close proximity with aux. supply installation as a means of disconnection. It shall be properly marked. Warning! Wrong or incomplete connection of supply, measurement or other terminals can cause malfunction or damage the device. Note After connection, settings have to be performed via communication (connection mode, current and voltage transformers ratio ). 3.2 Mounting MT440 measuring transducer is designed for DIN rail mounting. It should be mounted on a 35 mm DIN rail by means of two plastic fasteners. Before installation fasteners should be in open position (pulled). After device is on place, fasteners are locked (pushed) to close position. 3.3 Electric connection Voltage inputs of measuring transducer can be connected directly to low-voltage network or via appropriate voltage measuring transformer to medium or high voltage network. Current inputs of measuring transducer can be connected directly to low-voltage network or via a corresponding current transformer. Choose connection from the following figures and connect corresponding voltages and currents. Information on electrical characteristics is given in the chapter Inputs on page 35. Warning! Note Before using tool for accessing interior or any other part of the transducer which in normal use may be hazardous live (aux. supply and measuring input terminals), transducer MUST BE ISOLATED OR DISCONNECTED from hazardous live voltage. For proper connection wire diameters and other wiring requirements see Chaper 6.4 Connection 10 User s Manual

15 Connection System/ connection Terminal assignment Connection 1b (1W) Single-phase connection Connection 3b (1W3) Three-phase three-wire connection with balanced load Connection 3u (2W3) Three-phase three-wire connection with unbalanced load Connection 4b (1W4) Three-phase four-wire connection with balanced load Connection 4u (3W4) Three-phase four-wire connection with unbalanced load User s Manual 11

16 Connection 3.4 Connection of input/output modules Warning! Check the module features that are specified on the label, before connecting module contacts. Wrong connection can cause damage or destruction of module and/or device. Connect module contacts as specified on the label. Examples of labels are given below and describe modules built in the device. Information on electrical properties of modules is given in chapter Modules on page 36. Electromechanical relay output module. (Example of alarm module as I/O module 1) 3.5 Communication connection Solid state relay module output. (Example of pulse module as I/O module 1) Analog output module with analog output, proportional to measured quantities. The outputs may be either short or open-circuited. They are electrically insulated from each other and from all other circuits. (Example of analog output module as I/O module 1) Fast analog output module with analog output, proportional to measured quantities. The outputs may be either short or open-circuited. They are electrically insulated from each other and from all other circuits. (Example of analog output module as I/O module 1) MT440 is equipped with one standard (COM1) serial (RS232 or RS485) communication port and one service communication port (USB). Warning! USB communication port is provided with only BASIC insulation and can ONLY be used unconnected to aux. supply AND power inputs! Connect a communication line by means of corresponding terminals. Connection information is stated on the instrument label. Connector terminals are marked on the label on the upper side of the instrument. USB connector is positioned on the bottom side of an instrument under removable plastic cover. For driver installation see Note on the next page. Instrument will establish USB connection with PC approx. 3 seconds after physical connection to USB port. More detailed information about communication is given in chapter Communication on page User s Manual

17 Connection COM1 serial communication port (RS232) COM1 serial communication port (RS485) SERVICE communication port (USB) RS232 RS232 communication is intended for direct connection of the measuring transducer to the personal computer. It is necessary to provide the corresponding connection of individual terminals of the screw terminal connector (see a table below). RS485 RS485 communication is intended for connection of devices to network where several instruments with RS485 communication are connected to a common communication interface. We recommend the use of Iskra MIS communication interfaces for best compatibility! It is necessary to provide the corresponding connection of individual terminals of the screw terminal connector (see a table below). USB USB communication serves as a fast peer-to-terminal data link. The instrument is detected by host as a USB 2.0 compatible device. The USB connection is provided through a USB standard Type mini B connector. Note When MT440 is connected to a PC through USB communication for the first time, a user is prompted to install a driver. The driver is automatically installed during MiQen software installation. It is also provided on the CD, enclosed in the original shipment package, or can be downloaded from the Iskra MIS web page With this driver installed, USB is redirected to a serial port, which should be selected when using MiQen software. Warning! Do not remove USB cover permanently! The USB port should not remain open. It should be closed immediately after the initial setting through USB port was done and should remain closed during all time of storing & operation. In case the customer has not put the cover on the USB after the initial setting was done, before User s Manual 13

18 Connection putting to store, mounting the unit on the DIN rail or the unit operates without USB cover the warranty is void. Also unit returned back without USB cover or with clear indications that it was stored or operated without USB cover on the USB port it will be treated as out of the warranty. Survey of communication connections Connector Terminals Position RS232 RS Rx A SCREW 24 GND NC TERMINAL 25 Tx B USB-mini B Standard USB 2.0 compatible cable recommended (Type mini B plug) 3.6 Connection of auxiliary power supply Measuring transducer has universal (AC/DC) auxiliary power supply. Information on electric consumption is given in chapter Technical data on page 32. Auxiliary supply is connected through screw terminal connector. Connection of universal power supply to terminals 13 and 14 Warning! For safety purposes it is important that both wires (Line and Neutral) are firmly connected. 14 User s Manual

19 4. SETTINGS Settings 4.1 Introduction MiQen software Setting procedure General settings Description and Location Average interval Temperature unit Maximum demand calculation (MD mode) Starting current for PF and PA (ma) Starting current for all powers (ma) Minimum synchronization voltage Reactive power and energy calculation Connection Connection Setting of current and voltage ratios Used voltage and current range Nominal frequency Energy flow direction CT connection Communication Serial Communication (COM1) USB Communication Security Password setting Password modification Password disabling Energy Active tariff Common energy exponent Counter divider Inputs and outputs Analog output module Fast analog output module Solid state output module Relay output module Alarms Alarms setting Reset operations Reset energy counters (E1, E2, E3, E4) Reset MD values Reset the last MD period Reset alarm output User s Manual 15

20 Settings 4.1 Introduction Instrument settings can be remotely modified with communication (COM1 and/or USB if available) and MiQen software when connected to a PC. 4.2 MiQen software MiQen is a software tool for complete monitoring of measuring instruments, connected to a PC via serial or USB communication. A user-friendly interface consists of five segments: devices management, instrument settings, real-time measurements and software upgrading. Two versions of MiQen software are available: Professional edition with full functionality and supports all software functionality. CD-Key is required for the installation. Standard edition, freeware edition which supports all software functionality except data analysis. For MT440 only standard edition applies since measurement recording and analysis is with MT440 not supported. Devices management Select the instrument in a favorite s line. Use the network explorer to set and explore the devices network. Communication parameters of all devices and their addresses in network can be easily set. Instrument settings Multi Register Edit technology assures a simple modification of settings that are organized in a tree structure. Besides transferring settings into the instrument, storing and reading from the setting files are also available. Real-time measurements All supported measurements can be captured in real time in a table form. For further processing of the results of measurements, copying via a clipboard into standard Windows formats is supported. Software upgrading Always use the latest version of software, both MiQen and software in the instrument. The program automatically informs you on available upgrades that can be transferred from the web site and used for upgrading. Note More information about MiQen software can be found in MiQen Help system! MiQen user interface 16 User s Manual

21 Settings Note You can download freeware MiQen (standard edition) from: Setting procedure In order to modify instrument settings with MiQen, current parameters must be loaded first. Instrument settings can be acquired via a communication link (serial or USB) or can be loaded off-line from a file on a local disk. Settings are displayed in the MiQen Setting Window - the left part displays a hierarchical tree structure of settings, the right part displays parameter values of the chosen setting group. 4.4 General settings General settings are essential for measuring transducer. They are divided into four additional sublevels (Connection, Communication, Display and Security). Description and Location Two parameters that are intended for easier recognition of a certain unit. They are especially used for identification of the device or location on which measurements are performed. User s Manual 17

22 Settings Average interval The averaging interval defines the refresh rate of measurements on communication and remote display. Temperature unit Choose a unit for temperature display. Maximum demand calculation (MD mode) The instrument provides maximum demand values using thermal function. A thermal function assures exponent thermal characteristic based on simulation of bimetal meters. Maximal values are stored in device. A time constant (t. c.) can be set from 1 to 255 minutes and is 6 time thermal time constant (t. c. = 6 * thermal time constant). Example: Mode: Thermal function Time constant: 8 min. Current MD and maximal MD: Reset at 0 min. Thermal function Measured value Time const Time [min.] Present MD MD peak Input Starting current for PF and PA (ma) At all measuring inputs noise is usually present. It is constant and its influence on the accuracy is increased by decreasing measuring signals. It is present also when measuring signals are not connected and it occurs at all further calculations as very sporadic measurements. By setting a common starting current, a limit of input signal is defined where measurements and all other calculations are still performed. Starting current for all powers (ma) Noise is limited with a starting current also at measurements and calculations of powers. Minimum synchronization voltage If all phase voltages are smaller than this (noise limit) setting, instrument uses current inputs for synchronization. If also all phase currents are smaller than Starting current for PF and PA setting, synchronization is not possible and frequency displayed is User s Manual

23 Settings Reactive power and energy calculation Two different principles of reactive power and energy calculation are used: Standard method: With this method a reactive power and energy are calculated based on assumption that all power (energy) that is not active is reactive. Q 2 = S 2 P 2 This means also that all higher harmonics will be measured as reactive power (energy). Delayed current method: With this method, reactive power (energy) is calculated by multiplication of voltage samples and delayed current samples (see chapter Equations on page 53): Q = U I +90 With this method, reactive power (energy) represents only true reactive component of apparent power (energy). 4.5 Connection Note Settings of connections shall reflect actual state otherwise measurements are not valid. Connection When connection is selected, load connection and the supported measurements are defined (see chapter Survey of supported measurements regarding Connection mode on page 27). Setting of current and voltage ratios Before setting current and voltage ratios it is necessary to be familiar with the conditions in which device will be used. All other measurements and calculations depend on these settings. Up to five decimal places can be set. Settings range VT primary VT secondary CT primary CT secondary Maximal value 1638,3 kv V 1638,3 ka A Minimal value 0,1 V 1 mv 0,1 A 1 ma Used voltage and current range Setting of the range is connected with all settings of alarms, analog outputs and a display (calculation) of energy and measurements recording, where 100% represents 500 V 5A. In case of subsequent change of the range, alarms settings shall be correspondingly changed, as well. Nominal frequency A valid frequency measurement is within the range of nominal frequency ±32 Hz. This setting is used for alarms. Energy flow direction This setting allows manual change of energy flow direction (IMPORT to EXPORT or vice versa) in readings tab. It has no influence on readings sent to communication. CT connection If this setting is set to REVERSED it has the same influence as if CT s would be reversely connected. All power readings will also change its sign. User s Manual 19

24 Settings 4.6 Communication Serial Communication (COM1) Define parameters (only for COM1) that are important for the operation in RS485 network or connections with PC via RS232 communication. Factory settings of communication are #33\115200,n,8,2 (address 1 to 247\rate 2400 to b/s, parity, data bits, stop bit). Modbus table (MI400 or MT500 compatible): With this setting a MODBUS table for measurements and settings is defined. MODBUS addresses for measurements and settings can be compatible with previous family of transducers (MI400) or with more advanced family of transducers (MT500). See Modbus table definitions on page 41. USB Communication For description of all settings see Serial Communication (COM1). For driver installation see note on page 13. Instrument will establish USB connection with PC approx. 3 seconds after physical connection to USB port. 4.7 Security Settings parameters are divided into four groups regarding security level: 1 At the first level (PL1), settings of a real time clock can be changed, and energy meters and MD can be reset. 2 At the second level (PL2), the access to all data that are protected with the first level (PL1) and setting of all other parameters in the»settings«menu are available. 3 A backup password (BP) is used if passwords at levels 1 (PL1) and 2 (PL2) have been forgotten, and it is different for each device (depending on a serial number of the meter). The BP password is available in the user support department in ISKRA MIS, and is entered instead of the password PL1 or/and PL2. Do not forget to state the meter serial meter when contacting the personnel in Iskra MIS. User information A serial number of device is stated on the label and also accessible with MiQen software. Password setting A password consists of four letters taken from the British alphabet from A to Z. When setting a password, only the letter being set is visible while the others are covered with *. Two passwords (PL1, PL2) and the time of automatic activation could be set. Password modification A password can be modified; however, only that password can be modified to which the access is unlocked at the moment. Password disabling A password is disabled by setting the "AAAA" password. Note A factory set password is "AAAA" at both access levels (L1 and L2). This password does not limit access. 20 User s Manual

25 Settings 4.8 Energy Warning! After modification of energy parameters, the energy meters must be reset otherwise all further energy measurements could be incorrect. Active tariff When active tariff is set, one of the tariffs (up to four) is defined as active. Common energy exponent Common energy exponent defines minimal energy that can be displayed on the energy counter. On the basis of this and a counter divider, a basic calculation prefix for energy is defined ( 3 is 10 3 Wh = mwh, 4 is 10 4 Wh = 10 kwh). A common energy exponent also influences in setting a number of impulses for energy of pulse output or alarm output functioning as an energy meter. Define common energy exponent as recommended in table below, where counter divider is at default value 10. Values of primary voltage and current determine proper Common energy exponent. Current Voltage 1 A 5 A 50 A 100 A 1000 A 110 V V V kv * * Counter divider should be at least 100 Counter divider The counter divider additionally defines precision of a certain counter, according to settings of common energy exponent. An example for kWh of consumed active energy: Common energy exponent Counter divider Example of result, displayed kwh 12.3 kwh 0.01 MWh 4.9 Inputs and outputs Module settings depend on built-in modules. Analog output module Each of up to four analog outputs is fully programmable and can be set to any of 6 full-scale ranges. Within each of those 6 ranges, other required output ranges can be set. For example, 4 20 ma range can be set when ± 20 ma full-scale range is selected: User s Manual 21

26 Settings Output parameter Set the measured parameter to be transformed onto the analog output. Output range Defines analog output full-scale ranges: DC current output DC voltage output ma V ma ma V ma 22 User s Manual

27 Settings Output range Defines the shape and up to 5 break points of an analog output. For intrinsic-error for analog outputs with bent or linear zoom characteristic multiply accuracy class with correction factor (c). Correction factor c (the highest value applies): Linear characteristic Bent characteristic y0 1 xb 1 x x b b number of break points (1 to 5) ye c = or c = 1 yb yb 1 xe x0 c = or c = 1 1 x x x e b b 1 ye Example of settings with linear and bent characteristic: Average interval for analog output Defines the average interval for measurements on the analog output. Available settings are from 1 period (0.02 sec by 50 Hz) up to 128 periods (2.56 sec by 50 Hz). Fast analog output module Functionality of fast analog output module is the same as with standard analog output module. The only difference is its faster response time ( 60 ms), and consequential higher ripple. For a proper behavior of fast analog output module (fast response), average interval shall be set to minimum (1 periode). Solid state output module See Relay output module. Relay output module Relay output module as well as Solid state output module can be assigned different functions. Alarm notification functionality (alarm output) Pulse output for energy measurement (pulse output) General purpose digital output (digital output) User s Manual 23

28 Settings Pulse output functionality A corresponding energy counter (up to 4) can be assigned to a pulse output. A number of pulses per energy unit, pulse length, and a tariff in which output is active are set. Warning! Pulse parameters are defined by SIST EN standard. In subchapter Calculation of recommended pulse parameters below a simplified rule is described to assist you in setting the pulse output parameters. Calculation of recommended pulse parameters: Number of pulses per energy unit should be in certain limits according to expected power. If not so the measurement from pulse output can be incorrect. Settings of current and voltage transformers can help in estimation of expected power. Principle described below for pulse setting, where e is prefix, satisfies SIST EN : 2001 standards pulse specifications: 1,5K 15 ew 100 p 1 ewh Examples: Expected power Pulse output settings kw 1 p/1 kwh 1,5 15 MW 100 p/1 MWh MW 10 p/1 MWh MW 1 p/1 MWh Alarm notification functionality An alarm notification function can also be assigned to output. In case of any alarm occurrence, alarm output will trigger passive electromechanical relay or passive solid-state relay. Two parameters should be defined for each alarm output: The source for assigned alarm (alarm group 1, 2 or both) Type of output signal when alarm is detected. General purpose digital output This functionality allows user to enable / disable output relay (el.mech. or solid-state) by software settings (when appropriate values are set in MODBUS table). MODULE NUMBER MODBUS REGISTER REGISTER VALUE Module 1 (if installed) ON 4 - OFF Module 2 (if installed) ON 4 - OFF Module 3 (if installed) ON 4 - OFF Module 4 (if installed) ON 4 - OFF 24 User s Manual

29 Settings 4.10 Alarms Alarms are used for alarming exceeded set values of the measured quantities. Alarms setting MT440 supports setting up to 16 alarms in two alarm groups. Alarms can be set for any of measured parameters by setting condition and a limit value. A time constant of maximum demand values in a thermal mode, a delay time and switch-off hysteresis are defined for each group of alarms. To each of two alarm groups an alarm output (solid-state or electromechanical relay) can be dedicated. Warning! New values of alarms are calculated in percentage at modification of connection settings. If Used voltage, current range is changed, limit values of alarms will change proportionally Reset operations Reset energy counters (E1, E2, E3, E4) All or individual energy meters are reset. Reset MD values Current and stored MDs are reset. Reset the last MD period Current MD value is reset. Reset alarm output All alarms are reset. User s Manual 25

30 Measurements 5. MEASUREMENTS 5.1 Introduction Supported measurements Available connections Survey of supported measurements regarding connection mode Explanation of basic concepts Sample factor M V Average interval M P Power and energy flow Calculation and display of measurements Present values Voltage Current Active, reactive and apparent power Power factor and power angle Frequency Energy MD values THD Total harmonic distortion User s Manual

31 5.1 Introduction In the following chapters the device operation is explained more in detail. 5.2 Supported measurements Measurements Selection of supported measurements is changed with the connection settings. All supported measurements could be read via communication (MiQen). 5.3 Available connections Different electric connections are described more in detail in chapter Electric connection on page 10. Connections are marked as follows: Connection 1b (1W) Single phase connection Connection 3b (1W3) Three-phase three-wire connection with balanced load Connection 4b (1W4) Three-phase four-wire connection with balanced load Connection 3u (2W3) Three-phase three-wire connection with unbalanced load Connection 4u (3W4) Tree-phase four-wire connection with unbalanced load Note Measurements support depends on connection mode the instrument type. Calculated measurements are only informative. Survey of supported measurements regarding connection mode Phase Basic measurements Designat. Unit 1b 3b 3u 4b 4u Voltage U 1 U1 V Voltage U 2 U2 V Voltage U 3 U3 V Average voltage U ~ U V Current I 1 I1 A Current I 2 I2 A Current I 3 I3 A Current I n Inc A Total current I t I A Average current I a Iavg A Active power P 1 P1 W Active power P 2 P2 W Active power P 3 P3 W Total active power P t P W Reactive power Q 1 Q1 var Reactive power Q 2 Q2 var Reactive power Q 3 Q3 var Total reactive power Q t Q var supported calculated not supported User s Manual 27

32 Measurements Phase Phase-to-phase Basic measurements Designat. Unit 1b 3b 3u 4b 4u Apparent power S 1 S1 VA Apparent power S 2 S2 VA Apparent power S 3 S3 VA Total apparent power S t S VA Power factor PF 1 PF1/ePF1 Power factor PF 2 PF2/ePF2 Power factor PF 3 PF3/ePF3 Total power factor PF ~ PF/ePF Power angle φ 1 φ1 Power angle φ 2 φ2 Power angle φ 3 φ3 Total power angle φ ~ φ THD of phase voltage U f1 U1% %THD THD of phase voltage U f2 U2% %THD THD of phase voltage U f3 U3% %THD THD of phase current I 1 I1% %THD THD of phase current I 2 I2% %THD THD of phase current I 3 I3% %THD Phase-to-phase voltage U 12 U12 V Phase-to-phase voltage U 23 U23 V Phase-to-phase voltage U 31 U31 V Average phase-to-phase voltage (U ff ) U V Phase-to-phase angle φ 12 φ12 Phase-to-phase angle φ 23 φ23 Phase-to-phase angle φ 31 φ31 THD of phase-to-phase voltage U 12 U12% %THD THD of phase-to-phase voltage U 23 U23% %THD THD of phase-to-phase voltage U 31 U31% %THD Energy Counters 1 4 E1, E2, E3, E4 Wh VAh varh Active tariff Atar Max. values MD MD current I 1 I1 A MD current I 2 I2 A MD current I 3 I3 A MD active power P (positive) P+ W MD active power P (negative) P W MD reactive power Q L Q var MD reactive power Q C Q var MD apparent power S S VA supported calculated not supported 28 User s Manual

33 Measurements 5.4 Explanation of basic concepts Note For 3b and 3u connection mode, only phase to phase voltages are measured. Because of that factor 3 is applied to calculation of quality considering nominal phase voltage. For 4u connection mode measurements support is same as for 1b. Sample factor M V A meter measures all primary quantities with sample frequency which cannot exceed a certain number of samples in a time period. Based on these limitations (65Hz 128 samples) a sample factor is calculated. A sample factor (M V ), depending on frequency of a measured signal, defines a number of periods for a measurement calculation and thus a number of harmonics considered in THD calculations. Average interval M P Due to readability of measurements from communication, an Average interval (M P ) is calculated with regard to the measured signal frequency. The Average interval (see chapter Average interval on page 18) defines refresh rate of displayed measurements based on a sampling factor. Power and energy flow Figures below show a flow of active power, reactive power and energy for 4u connection. User s Manual 29

34 Measurements 5.5 Calculation and display of measurements This chapter deals with capture, calculation and display of all supported quantities of measurement. Only the most important equations are described; however, all of them are shown in chapter Equations on page 53 with additional descriptions and explanations. Note 5.6 Present values Calculation and display of measurements depend on used connection. For more detailed information see chapters Survey of supported measurements regarding Connection mode on page 27. All values are calculated as an average of number of periods set in General settings/average interval. Voltage Instrument measures true RMS values of all phase voltages (U1, U2, U3), connected to the meter. Phase-to-phase voltages (U12, U23, U31), average phase voltage (Uf) and average phaseto-phase voltage (Ua) are calculated from measured phase voltages (U1, U2, U3). Uf = N 2 un n=1 N U xy = N ( u xn u yn ) n=1 All voltage measurements are available via communication. N 2 Current Instrument measures true RMS values of phase currents, connected to current inputs. Neutral current (I n ), average current (I a ) and a sum of all phase currents (I t ) are calculated from phase currents. I RMS = N 2 n i n=1 N All current measurements are available via communication. Active, reactive and apparent power Active power is calculated from instantaneous phase voltages and currents. Two different principles of reactive power calculation are used: Standard method: With this method a reactive power is calculated based on assumption that all power that is not active is reactive. Q 2 = S 2 P 2 This means also that all higher harmonics will be measured as reactive power. Delayed current method: With this method, reactive power (energy) is calculated by multiplication of voltage samples and delayed current samples (see chapter Equations on page 53): Q = U I User s Manual

35 Measurements With this method, reactive power (energy) represents only true reactive component of apparent power (energy). All measurements are seen via communication. For more detailed information about calculation see chapter Equations on page 53. Power factor and power angle Power factor is calculated as quotient of active and apparent power for each phase separately (cosϕ 1, cosϕ 2, cosϕ 3 ) and total power angle (cosϕ t ). For correct display of PF via analog output and application of the alarm, epf (extended power factor) is applied. It illustrates power factor with one value as described in the table below. For a display on the remote display both of them have equal display function: between 1 and 1 with the icon for inductive or capacitive load. Load C L Angle [ ] (179.99) PF epf Example of analog output for PF and epf: Power angle represents angle between first voltage harmonic and first current harmonic for each individual phase. Total power angle is calculated from total active and reactive power (see equation for Total power angle, chapter Equations on page 53). A positive sign shows inductive load, and a negative sign shows capacitive load. Frequency Network frequency is calculated from time periods of measured voltage. Frequency is an average of number of periods set in General settings/average interval. Energy Energy of each of four energy counters is available. MD values Measurements of MD values. THD Total harmonic distortion THD is calculated for phase currents, phase and phase to phase voltages and is expressed as percent of high harmonic components regarding RMS value or relative to first harmonic. Instrument uses measuring technique of true RMS values that assures exact measurements with the presence of high harmonics up to 31st harmonic. User s Manual 31

36 Technical data 6. TECHNICAL DATA 6.1 Applied standards Accuracy Inputs Voltage input Current input Frequency Power supply Connection Permitted conductor cross-sections I/O modules Electromechanical relay output module Solid-state relay output module Analog output Communication Electronic features Response time Status LED s Safety features Protection Mechanical Environmental conditions Dimensions User s Manual

37 Technical data 6.1 Applied standards EN : 2001, Safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement, control and laboratory use Part 1: General requirements EN 60688:1992 Electrical measuring transducers for converting a.c. electrical quantities to analogue or digital signals EN 60688:1995 / A1: 1999 Electrical measuring transducers for converting a.c. electrical quantities to analogue or digital signals EN 60688:1995 / A2: 2001 Electrical measuring transducers for converting a.c. electrical quantities to analogue or digital signals EN :2006, EMC requirements for electrical equipment for measurement, control and laboratory use - Part 1: General requirements User s Manual 33

38 Technical data 6.2 Accuracy Total accuracy (measurements and analog output) according to IEC/EN is presented as percentage of range except when it is stated as an absolute value. Measured values Range Accuracy class Rms current (I 1, I 2, I 3, Iavg, I n ) Auto (1, 5, 10 A) 0.3 (0.2)* Maximum current 12.5 A 0.3 (0.2)* Rms phase voltage (U 1, U 2, U 3, Uavg) Auto (62.5, 125, 250, 500 V L-N ) 0.3 (0.2)* Maximum voltage 600 V L-N 0.3 (0.2)* Rms phase-to-phase voltage (U 12, U 23, U 31, Uavg) 800 V L-L 0.3 (0.2)* Frequency (f) actual 50 / 60Hz 10 mhz (2 mhz)* Nominal frequency range Hz 10 mhz Power angle (φ) Power factor (PF) THD Active power [W/var/VA] I n = 1 A U = % U n I = 2 % 20 % I n I = 20 % 200 % I n V % [W/var/VA] I n = 5 A (0.3)* Reactive power 0.5 (0.3)* Apparent power 0.5 (0.3)* Active energy Class 1 (EN ) Reactive energy Class 2 (EN ) Note * Accuracy on communication 34 User s Manual

39 Technical data 6.3 Inputs Voltage input Current input Frequency Nominal range values Nominal voltage(u N ) Minimal measurement Frequency range Max. measured value (cont.) Max. allowed value (acc. to IEC/EN ) Consumption Input impedance Nominal range values Nominal current (I N ) Min. measurement Frequency range Max. measured value Max. allowed value (thermal) (acc. to IEC/EN ) Consumption Nominal frequency (f N ) Measuring range 62.5, 125, 250, 500 V LN 500 V LN 2 V sinusoidal 50/60, 400 Hz 600 V LN ; 1000 V LL 2 U N ; 10 s < U 2 / 3.3MΩ per phase 3.3MΩ per phase 1, 5, 10 A 5 A Settings from starting current for all powers * 50/60, 400 Hz 12.5 A sinusoidal 15 A cont. 20 I N ; 5 1s < I Ω per phase 50, 60, 400 Hz Hz** Power supply Universal Nominal voltage AC V Nominal frequency Hz Nominal voltage DC V Consumption < 8VA Power-on transient current < 20 A; 1 ms * Starting current is set by setting software MiQen/settings/general ** For frequency measurement only 6.4 Connection Permitted conductor cross-sections Terminals Max. conductor cross-sections Voltage inputs (4) 2,5 mm 2 with pin terminal 4 mm 2 solid wire Current inputs (6) 2,5 mm 2 with pin terminal 4 mm 2 solid wire Supply (2) 2,5 mm 2 with pin terminal 4 mm 2 solid wire Modules & Com (8 + 3) 2,5 mm 2 with pin terminal 4 mm 2 solid wire User s Manual 35

40 Technical data 6.5 I/O modules Electromechanical relay output module Solid-state relay output module Purpose alarm, pulse, general purpose digital output Type Electromechanical Relay switch Rated voltage 48 V AC/DC (+40% max) Max. switching current 1000 ma Contact resistance 100 mω (100 ma, 24V) Pulse Max imp/hour (if used as pulse output) Min. length 100 ms Insulation voltage Between coil and contact 4000 VDC Between contacts 1000 VDC Purpose alarm, pulse, general purpose digital output Type Open collecter solid-state switch Rated voltage 40 V AC/DC Max. switching current 30 ma (R ONmax = 8Ω) Pulse length (if used as pulse output) programmable ms Analog output General Linearization Linear, Quadratic No. of break points 5 Output value limits ± 120 % of nominal output Response time < 100 ms (standard analog output) 50 ms (FAST analog output) Residual ripple < 1 % p.p. (standard analog output) < 2 % p.p. (FAST analog output) DC Current Output range values % output ma Range ma Range ma Range ma Range 4 Other ranges possible by MiQen software Burden voltage 10 V External resistance RB max = 10 V / I outn DC Voltage Output range values % output V Range V Range 6 Other ranges possible by MiQen software Burden current 20 ma External resistance RB min = U outn / 20 ma 36 User s Manual

41 6.6 Communication Technical data Type RS232 RS485 USB Type of connection Direct Network Direct Max. connection length 3 m 1000 m 3 m Number of bus stations 32 Terminals Screw terminals USB-mini Insulation Protection class I, 3.3 kv ACRMS 1 min basic isolation only! Transfer mode Asynchronous Protocol MODBUS RTU Transfer rate to bit/s USB 2.0 Warning! USB communication port is provided with only BASIC insulation and can ONLY be used unconnected to aux. supply AND power inputs! 6.7 Electronic features Response time Input communication All calculations are averaged over an interval of between 8 to 256 periods. Preset interval is 64 periods, which is 1.28 second at 50 Hz. Status LED s PWR Red Instrument power ON 6.8 Safety features Protection Protection class II Pollution degree 2 Installation category CAT III; 600 V meas. Inputs Acc. to EN CAT III; 300 V aux. supply Acc. to EN Test voltages Acc. to EN UAUX I/O, COM: 3320 VACrms UAUX U, I inputs: 3320 VACrms U, I in I/O,COM: 3320 VACrms U in I in: 3320 VACrms EMC Directive on electromagnetic compatibility 2004/108/EC Acc. to EN Enclosure material PC/ABS Flammability Acc. to UL 94 V-0 Weight 370 g User s Manual 37

42 Technical data 6.9 Mechanical Dimensions W100 H75 D105 mm Max. conductor cross section for 2,5 mm2 with pin terminal terminals 4 mm2 solid wire Vibration withstand 7g, Hz, 1 oct/min 10 cycles in each of three axes Shock withstand 300g, 8ms pulse 6 shocks in each of three axes Mounting Rail mounting mm acc. to DIN EN Enclosure material PC/ABS Flammability Acc. to UL 94 V-0 Housing protection IP20 Weight 370 g 6.10 Environmental conditions Ambient temperature usage group III C Acc. to IEC/EN Operating temperature -30 to +70 C Storage temperature -40 to +70 C Average annual humidity 93% r.h. Altitude 2000 m 6.11 Dimensions 38 User s Manual

43 Technical data Connection table Function Measuring input: Inputs / outputs: Auxiliary power supply: Communication: AC current AC voltage I/O 1 I/O 2 I/O 3 I/O 4 RS232 / RS485 Connection IL1 1/3 IL2 4/6 IL3 7/9 UL1 2 UL2 5 UL3 8 N 11 I/O / AC (L) 13 / AC (N) 14 Rx / A 23 GND / NC 24 Tx / B 25 User s Manual 39

44 Appendix A: Modbus protocol 7. APPENDIX A: MODBUS PROTOCOL 7.1 Modbus communication protocol Modbus VERSION1: Register table for the actual measurements Register table for the normalized actual measurements VERSION2: Register table for the actual measurements Register table for the normalized actual measurements % values calculations for normalized measurements Data types decoding User s Manual

45 Appendix A: Modbus protocol 7.1 Modbus communication protocol Modbus is enabled via RS232 and RS485 or USB. The response is the same type as the request. Two versions of MODBUS register tables are available: VERSION 1: Compatibility with advanced family of transducers (MT500) VERSION 2: Compatibility with previous family of transducers (MI400) Modbus Modbus protocol enables operation of device on Modbus networks. For device with serial communication the Modbus protocol enables point to point (for example Device to PC) communication via RS232 communication and multi drop communication via RS485 communication. Modbus protocol is a widely supported open interconnect originally designed by Modicon. The memory reference for input and holding registers is and respectively. VERSION1: Register table for the actual measurements MODBUS Parameter Register Start End Type Reserved Frequency T5 U T5 U T5 U T5 Uavg (phase to neutral) T5 ϕ 12 (angle between U1 and U2) T17 ϕ 23 (angle between U2 and U3) T17 ϕ 31 (angle between U3 and U1) T17 U T5 U T5 U T5 Uavg (phase to phase) T5 I T5 I T5 I T5 INc T5 INm - reserved T5 Iavg T5 Σ I T5 Active Power Total (Pt) T6 Active Power Phase L1 (P1) T6 Active Power Phase L2 (P2) T6 Active Power Phase L3 (P3) T6 User s Manual 41

46 Appendix A: Modbus protocol MODBUS Parameter Register Start End Type Reactive Power Total (Qt) T6 Reactive Power Phase L1 (Q1) T6 Reactive Power Phase L2 (Q2) T6 Reactive Power Phase L3 (Q3) T6 Apparent Power Total (St) T5 Apparent Power Phase L1 (S1) T5 Apparent Power Phase L2 (S2) T5 Apparent Power Phase L3 (S3) T5 Power Factor Total (PFt) T7 Power Factor Phase 1 (PF1) T7 Power Factor Phase 2 (PF2) T7 Power Factor Phase 3 (PF3) T7 Power Angle Total (atan2(pt,qt)) T17 ϕ 1 (angle between U1 and I1) T17 ϕ 2 (angle between U2 and I2) T17 ϕ 3 (angle between U3 and I3) T17 Internal Temperature T17 THD HARMONIC DATA U1 THD% T16 U2 THD% T16 U3 THD% T16 U12 THD% T16 U23 THD% T16 U31 THD% T16 I1 THD% T16 I2 THD% T16 I3 THD% T16 I/O STATUS Alarm Status Flags (No. 1 16) T1 I/O 1 Value T17 I/O 2 Value T17 I/O 3 Value T17 I/O 4 Value T17 ENERGY Energy Counter 1 Exponent T2 Energy Counter 2 Exponent T2 Energy Counter 3 Exponent T2 Energy Counter 4 Exponent T2 Current Active Tariff T1 Energy Counter T3 Energy Counter T3 Energy Counter T3 Energy Counter T3 Actual counter value is calculated: Counter * 10 Exponent 42 User s Manual

47 Appendix A: Modbus protocol MODBUS Parameter Register Start End Type DEMAND VALUES DYNAMIC DEMAND VALUES Time Into Period (minutes) T1 I T5 I T5 I T5 Apparent Power Total (St) T5 Active Power Total (Pt) - (positive) T6 Active Power Total (Pt) - (negative) T6 Reactive Power Total (Qt) - L T6 Reactive Power Total (Qt) - C T6 MAX DEMAND SINCE LAST RESET I T5 I T5 I T5 Apparent Power Total (St) T5 Active Power Total (Pt) - (positive) T6 Active Power Total (Pt) - (negative) T6 Reactive Power Total (Qt) - L T6 Reactive Power Total (Qt) - C T6 Register table for the normalized actual measurements Parameter MODBUS 100% Regist Type value U T16 Un U T16 Un U T16 Un Uavg (phase to neutral) T16 Un U T16 Un U T16 Un U T16 Un Uavg (phase to phase) T16 Un I T16 In I T16 In I T16 In φ I T16 It I neutral (calculated) T16 In I neutral (measured) T16 In Iavg T16 In Active Power Phase L1 (P1) T17 Pn Active Power Phase L2 (P2) T17 Pn Active Power Phase L3 (P3) T17 Pn Active Power Total (Pt) T17 Pt Reactive Power Phase L1 (Q1) T17 Pn Reactive Power Phase L2 (Q2) T17 Pn User s Manual 43

48 Appendix A: Modbus protocol Parameter MODBUS 100% Register Type value Reactive Power Phase L3 (Q3) T17 Pn Reactive Power Total (Qt) T17 Pt Apparent Power Phase L1 (S1) T16 Pn Apparent Power Phase L2 (S2) T16 Pn Apparent Power Phase L3 (S3) T16 Pn Apparent Power Total (St) T16 Pt Power Factor Phase 1 (PF1) T17 1 Power Factor Phase 2 (PF2) T17 1 Power Factor Phase 3 (PF3) T17 1 Power Factor Total (PFt) T17 1 CAP/IND P. F. Phase 1 (PF1) T17 1 CAP/IND P. F. Phase 2 (PF2) T17 1 CAP/IND P. F. Phase 3 (PF3) T17 1 CAP/IND P. F. Total (PFt) T17 1 φ1 (angle between U1 and I1) T φ 2 (angle between U2 and I2) T φ 3 (angle between U3 and I3) T Power Angle Total (atan2(pt,qt)) T φ12 (angle between U1 and U2) T φ 23 (angle between U2 and U3) T φ 31 (angle between U3 and U1) T Frequency T17 Fn+10Hz I1 THD% T16 100% I2 THD% T16 100% I3 THD% T16 100% U1 THD% T16 100% U2 THD% T16 100% U3 THD% T16 100% U12 THD% T16 100% U23 THD% T16 100% U31 THD% T16 100% MAX DEMAND SINCE LAST RESET Active Power Total (Pt) - (positive) T16 Pt Active Power Total (Pt) - (negative) T16 Pt Reactive Power Total (Qt) - L T16 Pt Reactive Power Total (Qt) - C T16 Pt Apparent Power Total (St) T16 Pt I T16 In I T16 In I T16 In 44 User s Manual

49 Appendix A: Modbus protocol Parameter MODBUS 100% Register Type value DYNAMIC DEMAND VALUES Active Power Total (Pt) - (positive) T16 Pt Active Power Total (Pt) - (negative) T16 Pt Reactive Power Total (Qt) - L T16 Pt Reactive Power Total (Qt) - C T16 Pt Apparent Power Total (St) T16 Pt I T16 In I T16 In I T16 In ENERGY Energy Counter T17 Energy Counter T17 Energy Counter T17 Energy Counter T17 Aktiv Tariff T1 Internal Temperature T VERSION2: Register table for the actual measurements MODBUS Parameter Register Start End Type Frequency T5 U T5 U T5 U T5 Uavg (phase to neutral) T5 ϕ 12 (angle between U1 and U2) T17 ϕ 23 (angle between U2 and U3) T17 ϕ 31 (angle between U3 and U1) T17 U T5 U T5 U T5 Uavg (phase to phase) T5 I T5 I T5 I T5 INc T5 INm - reserved T5 Iavg T5 Σ I T5 Active Power Total (Pt) T6 Active Power Phase L1 (P1) T6 Active Power Phase L2 (P2) T6 Active Power Phase L3 (P3) T6 Actual counter value MOD is returned User s Manual 45

50 Appendix A: Modbus protocol MODBUS Parameter Register Start End Type Reactive Power Total (Qt) T6 Reactive Power Phase L1 (Q1) T6 Reactive Power Phase L2 (Q2) T6 Reactive Power Phase L3 (Q3) T6 Apparent Power Total (St) T5 Apparent Power Phase L1 (S1) T5 Apparent Power Phase L2 (S2) T5 Apparent Power Phase L3 (S3) T5 Power Factor Total (PFt) T7 Power Factor Phase 1 (PF1) T7 Power Factor Phase 2 (PF2) T7 Power Factor Phase 3 (PF3) T7 Power Angle Total (atan2(pt,qt)) T17 ϕ 1 (angle between U1 and I1) T17 ϕ 2 (angle between U2 and I2) T17 ϕ 3 (angle between U3 and I3) T17 Internal Temperature T17 THD HARMONIC DATA U1 THD% T16 U2 THD% T16 U3 THD% T16 U12 THD% T16 U23 THD% T16 U31 THD% T16 I1 THD% T16 I2 THD% T16 I3 THD% T16 ENERGY Energy Counter 1 Exponent T2 Energy Counter 2 Exponent T2 Energy Counter 3 Exponent T2 Energy Counter 4 Exponent T2 Current Active Tariff T1 Energy Counter T3 Energy Counter T3 Energy Counter T3 Energy Counter T3 Actual counter value is calculated: Counter * 10 Exponent 46 User s Manual

51 Appendix A: Modbus protocol MODBUS Parameter Register Start End Type DEMAND VALUES DYNAMIC DEMAND VALUES Time Into Period (minutes) T1 I T5 I T5 I T5 Apparent Power Total (St) T5 Active Power Total (Pt) - (positive) T6 Active Power Total (Pt) - (negative) T6 Reactive Power Total (Qt) - L T6 Reactive Power Total (Qt) - C T6 MAX DEMAND SINCE LAST RESET I T5 I T5 I T5 Apparent Power Total (St) T5 Active Power Total (Pt) - (positive) T6 Active Power Total (Pt) - (negative) T6 Reactive Power Total (Qt) - L T6 Reactive Power Total (Qt) - C T6 Register table for the normalized actual measurements Parameter MODBUS Register Type 100% value U T16 Un U T16 Un U T16 Un Uavg (phase to neutral) T16 Un U T16 Un U T16 Un U T16 Un Uavg (phase to phase) T16 Un I T16 In I T16 In I T16 In φ I T16 It I neutral (calculated) T16 In I neutral (measured) T16 In Iavg T16 In Active Power Phase L1 (P1) T17 Pn Active Power Phase L2 (P2) T17 Pn Active Power Phase L3 (P3) T17 Pn Active Power Total (Pt) T17 Pt Reactive Power Phase L1 (Q1) T17 Pn Reactive Power Phase L2 (Q2) T17 Pn User s Manual 47

52 Appendix A: Modbus protocol Parameter MODBUS 100% Register Type value Reactive Power Phase L3 (Q3) T17 Pn Reactive Power Total (Qt) T17 Pt Apparent Power Phase L1 (S1) T16 Pn Apparent Power Phase L2 (S2) T16 Pn Apparent Power Phase L3 (S3) T16 Pn Apparent Power Total (St) T16 Pt Power Factor Phase 1 (PF1) T17 1 Power Factor Phase 2 (PF2) T17 1 Power Factor Phase 3 (PF3) T17 1 Power Factor Total (PFt) T17 1 All other MODBUS registers are a subject to change. For the latest MODBUS register definitions go to ISKRA MIS s web page 100% values calculations for normalized measurements Un = (R40147 / R40146) * R30015 * R40149 In = (R40145 / R40144) * R30017 * R40148 Pn = Un*In It = In Connection Mode: 1b It = 3*In Connection Modes: 3b, 4b, 3u, 4u Pt = Pn Connection Mode: 1b Pt = 3*Pn Connection Modes: 3b, 4b, 3u, 4u Fn = R User s Manual

53 Appendix A: Modbus protocol Parameter MODBUS Register Type Values / Dependencies Calibration voltage T4 mv Calibration current T4 ma Register table for the basic settings Register Content Type Ind Values / Dependencies Min Max Connection Mode T1 0 No mode b - Single Phase 2 3b - 3 phase 3 wire balanced 3 4b - 3 phase 4 wire balanced 4 3u - 3 phase 3 wire unbalanced 5 4u - 3 phase 4 wire unbalanced CT Secondary T4 ma CT Primary T4 A/ VT Secondary T4 mv VT Primary T4 V/ Current input range (%) Voltage input range (%) Frequency nominal value T for 100% T for 100% T1 Hz P. Level 5,00 200,00 2 2,50 100, EXAMPLE of calculation using MODBUS registers and their data types: CT Primary = R40145 (Type T4) = 10^2 40 = 8028 (16) > 4000 A/10 = 400A CT Secondary = R40144 (Type T4) = 10^2 50 = 8032 (16) > 5000 ma Cal. Current = R30017 (Type T4) = 10^2 50 = 8032 (16) > 5000 ma Input range = R40148 (Type T16) = = 2710 (16) > 100,00% In = (R40145 / R40144) * R30017 * R40148 = (400 / 5) * 5A * 100% =400A User s Manual 49

54 Appendix A: Modbus protocol Data types decoding Type Bit mask Description T1 Unsigned Value (16 bit) Example: = 3039(16) T2 Signed Value (16 bit) Example: = CFC7(16) T3 Signed Long Value (32 bit) Example: = 075B CD 15(16) Short Unsigned float (16 bit) T4 bits # Decade Exponent(Unsigned 2 bit) bits # Binary Unsigned Value (14 bit) Example: 10000*102 = A710(16) T5 T6 T7 T9 T10 T16 T17 T_Str4 T_Str6 T_Str8 T_Str16 T_Str40 bits # bits # bits # bits # bits # bits # bits # bits # bits # bits # bits # bits # bits # bits # Unsigned Measurement (32 bit) Decade Exponent(Signed 8 bit) Binary Unsigned Value (24 bit) Example: *10-3 = FD01 E240(16) Signed Measurement (32 bit) Decade Exponent (Signed 8 bit) Binary Signed value (24 bit) Example: *10-3 = FDFE 1DC0(16) Power Factor (32 bit) Sign: Import/Export (00/FF) Sign: Inductive/Capacitive (00/FF) Unsigned Value (16 bit), 4 decimal places Example: CAP = 00FF 2694(16) Time (32 bit) 1/100s (BCD) Seconds (BCD) Minutes (BCD) Hours (BCD) Example: 15:42:03.75 = (16) Date (32 bit) Day of month (BCD) Month of year (BCD) Year (unsigned integer) Example: 10, SEP 2000 = D0(16) Unsigned Value (16 bit), 2 decimal places Example: = 3039(16) Signed Value (16 bit), 2 decimal places Example: = CFC7(16) Text: 4 characters (2 characters for 16 bit register) Text: 6 characters (2 characters for 16 bit register) Text: 8 characters (2 characters for 16 bit register) Text: 16 characters (2 characters for 16 bit register) Text: 40 characters (2 characters for 16 bit register) 50 User s Manual

55 8. APPENDIX B: CALCULATIONS & EQUATIONS Appendix B: Calculations & equations 8.1 Calculations Definitions of symbols Equations Voltage Current Power THD Energy User s Manual 51

56 Appendix B: Calculations & equations 8.1 Calculations Definitions of symbols No Symbol Definition 1 M v Sample factor 2 M P Average interval 3 U f Phase voltage (U 1, U 2 or U 3 ) 4 U ff Phase-to-phase voltage (U 12, U 23 or U 31 ) 5 N Total number of samples in a period 6 n Sample number (0 n N) 7 x, y Phase number (1, 2 or 3) 8 i n Current sample n 9 u fn Phase voltage sample n 10 u ffn Phase-to-phase voltage sample n 11 φ f Power angle between current and phase voltage f (φ 1, φ 2 or φ 3 ) 12 U c Agreed supply voltage 52 User s Manual

57 Appendix B: Calculations & equations 8.2 Equations Voltage U U f xy = = Current I In RMS = = N n=1 u N 2 n N ( u xn u yn ) n=1 N 2 in n=1 N n =1 N N ( i + i + i ) 1n 2n N 2 3n 2 Phase voltage N 128 samples in one period (up to 65 Hz) N 128 samples in M v periods (above 65 Hz) Example: 400 Hz N = 7 Phase-to-phase voltage u x, u y phase voltages (U f ) N a number of samples in a period Phase current N 128 samples in a period (up to 65 Hz) N 128 samples in more periods (above 65 Hz) Neutral current i n sample of phase current (1, 2 or 3) N = 128 samples in a period (up to 65 Hz) User s Manual 53

58 Appendix B: Calculations & equations Power P f = 1 N N ( u f i f ) n n n= 1 Active power by phases N a number of samples in a period n sample number (0 n N) f phase designation P = P + P + P t 1 SignQ ϕ ϕ f 2 3 f ( ϕ) [ ] SignQf ( ϕ) = + 1 [ ] SignQ ( ϕ) = 1 S = U I t 1 f S = S + S + S 2 f 3 f Total active power t total power 1, 2, 3 phase designation Reactive power sign Q f reactive power (by phases) φ power angle Apparent power by phases U f phase voltage I f phase current Total apparent power S f apparent power by phases Q f = SignQ ϕ f 2 2 ( ) S P f f Reactive power by phases (standard) S f apparent power by phases P f active power by phases Q f = 1 N N ( u f i ) n f [ n+ N / 4] n= 1 Reactive power by phases (delayed current method) N a number of samples in a period n sample number (0 n N) f phase designation Q = Q + Q + Q ϕ ϕ s s t = = 1 P PF = S Pf PF f = S 2 a tan 2( P t, Qt ) [ 180,179,99 ] f 3 Total reactive power Q f reactive power by phases Total power angle P t total active power S t total apparent power Distortion factor P total active power S total apparent power Distortion factor P f phase active power S f phase apparent power 54 User s Manual

59 Appendix B: Calculations & equations THD I THD % f U THD % U f ff 63 n = 2 ( ) = 100 THD % I 1 63 In n= 2 ( ) = 100 U 63 2 Un n= 2 ( ) = U Un Current THD I 1 value of first harmonic n number of harmonic Phase voltage THD U 1 value of first harmonic n number of harmonic Phase-to-phase voltage THD U 1 value of first harmonic n number of harmonic Energy Price in tariff = Price 10 Tarif price exponent Total exponent of tariff price and energy price in all tariffs User s Manual 55

60 Iskra MIS, d. d. Ljubljanska cesta 24a SI-4000 Kranj, Slovenia Phone: Fax: Printed in Slovenia Subject to change without notice Version 1.01 / Sep GB K