H. P. Soyer, G. Argenziano, R. Hofmann-Wellenhof, R. H. Johr (Eds.) Color Atlas of Melanocytic Lesions of the Skin

Transcription

1 H. P. Soyer, G. Argenziano, R. Hofmann-Wellenhof, R. H. Johr (Eds.) Color Atlas of Melanocytic Lesions of the Skin

2 H. P. Soyer G. Argenziano R. Hofmann-Wellenhof R. H. Johr (Eds.) Color Atlas of Melanocytic Lesions of the Skin With 366 Figures and 26 Tables 123

3 H. Peter Soyer, MD, FACD Professor of Dermatology The Queensland Institute of Dermatology School of Medicine University of Queensland Princess Alexandra Hospital Brisbane, QLD 4102 Australia Giuseppe Argenziano, MD Professor of Dermatology Second University of Naples Nuovo Policlinico Edificio 13 Via Pansini 5 I Naples Rainer Hofmann-Wellenhof, MD Professor of Dermatology Medical University Graz A-8036 Graz Robert H. Johr, MD Clinical Professor of Dermatology and Pediatrics Director, Pigmented Lesion Clinic University of Miami, School of Medicine Miami, FL Library of Congress Control Number: ISBN Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag. Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law. Springer is a part of Springer Science+Business Media springer.com Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2007 The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Editor: Marion Philipp, Heidelberg, Germany Desk Editor: Ellen Blasig, Heidelberg, Germany Production: LE-TEX Jelonek, Schmidt & Vöckler GbR, Leipzig, Germany Cover design: Frido Steinen-Broo, EStudio, Calamar, Spain Reproduction and typesetting: am-productions GmbH, Wiesloch, Germany Printed on acid-free paper 24/3180/YL

4 This book is dedicated to the memory of Paolo Carli an outstanding scientist and a special human being. H. Peter Soyer and Giuseppe Argenziano on behalf of all authors

5 Foreword Melanocytic tumors of the skin deserve special attention because of the following important facts Melanoma is frequent and early detection is critical. A correct interpretation is necessary because the implications may be very serious. It is a dynamically developing field where major progress has been made over the past decade. This atlas, written in a concise way, is a highly useful presentation that focuses on the full spectrum of pigmented skin tumors. The prominent features include classical clinical as well as histopathological criteria for diagnosis, illustrations of excellent quality, as well as new concepts and practical aspects of management. Of special interest are modern diagnostic techniques with emphasis on dermatoscopy. Case studies and core messages indicating pathways of the diagnostic approach are at the end of each chapter. All these features characterize the book as an impressive contribution to the literature in the area of melanocytic tumors. My co-workers in Graz, Dr. H. Peter Soyer and Dr. Rainer Hofmann-Wellenhof, as well as Dr. Giuseppe Argenziano from Naples and Dr. Robert Johr from Miami, together with many international contributors who are all experts in their respective disciplines, have produced a splendid piece of work which presents highly relevant information on a complex and challenging subject. This book will greatly assist physicians in providing optimal care for patients with melanocytic skin lesions. Helmut Kerl Professor & Chairman Medical University of Graz

6 Preface At the beginning of many scientific endeavors there is an idea shared by a small group of enthusiastic people. This was the case with our group, friends and colleagues from,, and the United States. Our idea was to write a color atlas of melanocytic skin lesions, with particular emphasis on the morphological dimension, using a systematic and logical approach. As practicing dermatologists with backgrounds in dermoscopy and dermatopathology, we wanted to describe the many faces of benign and malignant pigmented skin lesions based on clinico-pathological and dermoscopic pathological correlations. Together with a large group of distinguished dermatologists from around the world, we prepared this atlas. In 1894 Paul Gerson Unna published the textbook Histopathology of Skin Diseases. His wellknown saying on the relationship between dermatology and histopathology has been slightly modified by us and now reads as follows: The dermatologist is fortunate in being able to study the clinical and dermoscopic picture with his/ her histologically trained eye and the microscopic picture with his/her clinically and dermoscopically trained eye. In this spirit we hope that you enjoy reading this atlas and that it will help you in your daily practice. H. Peter Soyer Giuseppe Argenziano Rainer Hofmann-Wellenhof Robert Johr

7 Contents I.1 The Morphologic Dimension in the Diagnosis of Melanocytic Skin Lesions H. Peter Soyer and Elisabeth M.T. Wurm I.2 Clinical Examination of Melanocytic Neoplasms Including ABCDE Criteria Alfred W. Kopf I.3 Dermoscopic Examination Ralph P. Braun, Harold S. Rabinovitz, Margaret Oliviero, Alfred W. Kopf, Jean-Hillaire Saurat, Luc Thomas I.4 Melanoma: the Morphological Dimension Lorenzo Cerroni II.1 Laser-Scanning Confocal Microscopy Salvador González and Allan Halpern II.2 Automatic Diagnosis Josef Smolle II.3 Multispectral Image Analysis Dina Gutkowicz-Krusin and Harold Rabinovitz II.4 Teledermatology Cesare Massone, Elisabeth M.T. Wurm, Rainer Hofmann-Wellenhof, Gian Piero Lozzi, H. Peter Soyer III.1 The Life of Melanocytic Nevi Harald Kittler III.2 Acral Nevus Masaru Tanaka, Masayuki Kimoto, Toshiaki Saida III.3 Agminated Nevus Ulrike Weigert and Wilhelm Stolz III.4 Blue Nevus Gerardo Ferrara and Giuseppe Argenziano III.5 Atypical (Dysplastic) Nevus Rainer Hofmann-Wellenhof and H. Peter Soyer III.6 Combined Nevus Horacio Cabo III.7 Common Nevus Rainer Hofmann-Wellenhof and H. Peter Soyer III.8 Congenital Melanocytic Nevi Alon Scope, Cristiane Benvenuto- Andrade, Ashfaq A. Marghoob III.9 Melanocytic Nevi on the Genitalia and Melanocytic Nevi on Other Special Locations Ingrid H. Wolf III.10 Halo Nevus Alessandro Di Stefani and Sergio Chimenti III.11 III.12 Irritated Nevus and Meyerson s Nevus Regina Fink-Puches, Iris Zalaudek, Rainer Hofmann-Wellenhof Melanocytic Lesions in Darker Racial Ethnic Groups Heather Woolery-Lloyd III.13 Miescher Nevus Steven Q. Wang, Harold H. Rabinovitz, Alfred W. Kopf

8 XII Contents III.14 Nevi with Particular Pigmentation: Black, Pink, and White Nevus Iris Zalaudek, Robert Johr, Bernd Leinweber III.15 Recurrent Nevus Andreas Blum III.16 Spitz Nevus and Its Variants Gerardo Ferrara, Elvira Moscarella, Caterina M. Giorgio, Giuseppe Argenziano III.17 Syndromes Involving Melanocytic Lesions Cheryl G. Aber, Elizabeth Alvarez Connelly, Lawrence A. Schachner III.18 Nail Apparatus Nevus (Subungual Nevus, Nail Matrix Nevus) Luc Thomas III.19 Unna Nevus Susana Puig and Josep Malvehy IV.1 Epidemiology of Melanoma Scott Kitchener IV.2 Acral Melanoma Toshiaki Saida, Hiroshi Koga, Yoriko Yamazaki, Masaru Tanaka IV.3 Amelanotic Melanoma Jürgen Kreusch IV.4 Early Evolution of Melanoma (Small-Diameter Melanoma) Robert J. Friedman, Melanie Warycha, Michele Farber, Dina Gutkowicz- Krusin, Harold Rabinovitz, David Polsky, Margaret Oliviero, Darrell S. Rigel, Lori Kels, Edward R. Heilman, Alfred W. Kopf IV.5 False-Negative Melanomas Robert Johr and Giuseppe Argenziano IV.6 Genital Melanoma Ingrid H. Wolf IV.7 Melanoma of the Face Ulrike Weigert and Wilhelm Stolz IV.8 Melanoma of the Trunk and Limbs Including Superficial and Nodular Melanoma Josep Malvehy and Susana Puig IV.9 Cutaneous Metastatic Melanoma Maria Antonietta Pizzichetta IV.10 Scalp Melanoma Iris Zalaudek, Jason Giacomel, Bernd Leinweber IV.11 Nail Apparatus Melanoma (Subungual Melanoma, Nail Matrix Melanoma) Luc Thomas V.1 Pigmented Basal Cell Carcinoma Scott W. Menzies V.2 Dermatofibroma Domenico Piccolo and Ketty Peris V.3 Lentigines Including Lentigo Simplex, Reticulated Lentigo and Actinic Lentigo Paolo Carli and Camilla Salvini V.4 Squamous Cell Carcinoma Including Actinic Keratosis, Bowens Disease, Keratoacanthoma, and Its Pigmented Variants Iris Zalaudek, Jason Giacomel, Bernd Leinweber V.5 Vascular Lesions Fezal Özdemir V.6 Seborrheic Keratosis Including Lichen Planus-like Keratosis Robert Johr Subject Index

9 List of Contributors C. Aber Division of Pediatric Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Cedars Medical Center 1295 NW 14th Street, Suite K Miami, Florida caber@med.miami.edu E. Alvarez Connelly Division of Pediatric Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine Cedars Medical Center 1295 NW 14th Street, Suite K Miami, Florida econnelly@med.miami.edu G. Argenziano Second University of Naples Nuovo Policlinico Edificio 13 Via Pansini Naples argenziano@tin.it C. Benvenuto-Andrade Research Dermatologist Photomedicine and Telemedicine Laboratory Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul Porte Alegre Brazil cris@fornix.com.br A. Blum Associate Professor of Dermatology Seestraße 3a Konstanz Germany a.blum@derma.de R.P. Braun University Hospital Zurich 8091 Zurich Switzerland braun@melanoma.ch H. Cabo Section of Dermatology Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas A. Lanari University of Buenos Aires Argentina hcabo@fibertel.com.ar P. Carli Dipartimento di Scienze Dermatologiche Universita di Firenze Via degli Alfani, Florence Deceased L. Cerroni Medical University of Graz 8036 Graz lorenzo.cerroni@meduni-graz.at

10 XIV List of Contributors S. Chimenti University of Rome Tor Vergata PTV Policlinico di Tor Vergata Viale Oxford Rome A. Di Stefani University of Rome Tor Vergata PTV Policlinico di Tor Vergata Viale Oxford Rome M. Farber New York University School of Medicine 550 First Avenue New York, NY G. Ferrara Pathologic Anatomy Service Gaetano Rummo General Hospital Via dell Angelo Benevento gerardo.ferrara@libero.it R. Fink-Puches Medical University Graz 8036 Graz regina.fink@meduni-graz.at R.J. Friedman Oncology Section New York University School of Medicine 550 First Avenue New York, NY rfriedmanmdceo@hotmail.com J.S. Giacomel Private Practice 11 Mends Street South Perth Western Australia 6151 Australia jasongiacomel@optusnet.com.au C.M. Giorgio Second University of Naples Via S. Pansini Naples caterinagiorgio@libero.it S. González Dermatology Service Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center New York, NY gonzals6@mskcc.org D. Gutkowicz-Krusin Electro-Optical Sciences, Inc. 1 Bridge Street Irvington, NY gutkowicz@eosciences.com A. Halpern Dermatology Service Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center New York, NY halperna@mskcc.org E.R. Heilman SUNY Health Science Center at Brooklyn Brooklyn, N.Y. eheilman@ameripath.com

11 List of Contributors XV R. Hofmann-Wellenhof Medical University of Graz 8036 Graz R.H. Johr Pigmented Lesion Clinic School of Medicine University of Miami Miami, FL M. Kimoto Keio University School of Medicine 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjyuku-ku Tokyo Japan S. Kitchener Primary Care Skin Cancer Medicine Unit School of Medicine University of Queensland Herston Road Herston 4006 Australia H. Kittler Medical University of Vienna Waehringer Guertel Vienna H. Koga Shinshu University School of Medicine Asahi Matsumoto Japan A.W. Kopf The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology New York University School of Medicine 550 First Avenue New York, NY J. Kreusch Dermatological Practice Skin Cancer Diagnostic Center Moislinger Allee Luebeck Germany B. Leinweber Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz G.P. Lozzi University of L Aquila, Via Vetoio Coppito L Aquila gilozzi@inwind.it J. Malvehy Melanoma Unit Hospital Clinic Villarroel Barcelona Spain jmalvehy@clinic.ub.es A.A. Marghoob Section of Dermatology Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center 160 East 53rd Street, 2nd floor New York, NY marghooa@mskcc.org

12 XVI List of Contributors C. Massone Medical University Graz A-8036 Graz S.W. Menzies Sydney Melanoma Diagnostic Centre 2nd Floor, Gloucester House Royal Prince Alfred Hospital Missenden Road Camperdown NSW 2050 Australia E. Moscarella Second University of Naples Via S. Pansini Naples elvyra@tim.it M. Oliviero University of Miami School of Medicine Miami, FL m.oliviero@dermnetwork.org F. Özdemir Medical Faculty Ege University Bornova Izmir Turkey ozdemirfezal@gmail.com K. Peris University of L Aquila Via Vetoio Coppito L Aquila peris@univaq.it D. Piccolo University of L Aquila Via Vetoio Coppito L Aquila telederm@univaq.it M.A. Pizzichetta Division of Medical Oncology C Oncology Prevention Centro di Riferimento Oncologico National Cancer Institute Via Pedemontana Occidentale Aviano PN pizzichetta@cro.it D. Polsky New York University School of Medicine 550 First Avenue New York, NY david.polsky@med.nyu.edu H.S. Rabinovitz Skin and Cancer Associates 201 N.W. 82nd Avenue Plantation, FL harold@admcorp.com D.S. Rigel New York University School of Medicine Adjunct Clinical Professor Mount Sinai School of Medicine New York, NY dsrigel@prodigy.net S. Puig Melanoma Unit Hospital Clínic Villarroel Barcelona Spain spuig@clinic.ub.es

13 List of Contributors XVII T. Saida Shinshu University School of Medicine Asahi Matsumoto Japan C. Salvini Department of Dermatological Sciences University of Florence Via della Pergola Florence J.-H. Saurat Pigmented Skin Lesion Unit University Hospital Geneva 24 rue Micheli Du Crest 1211 Geneva 14 Switzerland L.A. Schachner Division of Pediatric Dermatology University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine and Cutaneous Surgery 1600 NW 10th Avenue Rosenstiel Bldg. Room 2023A Miami FL L. Schneider-Kels New York University School of Medicine 550 First Avenue New York, NY A. Scope Section of Dermatology Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center 160 East 53rd Street, 2nd floor New York, NY J. Smolle Institute of Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation Medical University of Graz Billrothgasse 18a/ Graz H.P. Soyer The Queensland institute of Dermatology School of Medicine University of Queensland Princess alexandra Hospital Brisbane, QlD 4102 Australia W. Stolz Abteilung für Dermatologie, Allergologie und Umweltmedizin Krankenhaus München Schwabing Kölner Platz Munich Germany wilhelm.stolz@kms.mhn.de M. Tanaka Tokyo Women s Medical University Medical Center East Nishi-Ogu, Arakawa-ku Tokyo Japan masarutanaka@1984.jukuin.keio.ac.jp L. Thomas Hotel Dieu Lyon Cedex 02 France luc.thomas@chu-lyon.fr S.Q. Wang Mayo Mail Code Delaware Street S.E. Minneapolis, MN sqwang01@yahoo.com

14 XVIII List of Contributors M. Warycha New York University School of Medicine 550 First Avenue New York, NY U. Weigert Abteilung für Dermatologie, Allergologie und Umweltmedizin Krankenhaus München Schwabing Kölner Platz München Germany derma@kms.mhn.de I.H. Wolf Medical University Graz 8036 Graz ingrid.wolf@meduni-graz.at E.M.T. Wurm Medical University of Graz 8036 Graz lissy.wurm@gmail.com Y. Yamazaki Shinshu University School of Medicine Asahi Matsumoto Japan y.yamazaki@sihp.jp I. Zalaudek Medical University Graz 8036 Graz iris.zalaudek@meduni-graz.at H. Woolery-Lloyd and Cutaneous Surgery School of Medicine University of Miami Miami, FL woolerylloyd@yahoo.com