Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH

Transcription

1 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH

2 J.-M. Lachapelle. H. I. Maibach Patch Testing and Prick Testing A Practical Guide With a Contribution by J. Ring With 37 Color Figures and 42 Tables, Springer

3 Professor Iean-Marie Lachapelle Department of Dermatology Louvain University UCL Clos Chapelle-aux-Champs 1200 Brussels, Belgium Professor Howard I. Maibach Department of Dermatology University of California San Francisco School of Medicine Box 0989 Surge 110 San Francisco, CA , USA Professor Iohannes Ring Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Allergologie am Biederstein der Technischen Universität München Biedersteinerstr München, Germany ISBN ISBN (ebook) DOI / Cataloging-in-Publieation Data applied for A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. Bibliographie information published by Die Deutsche Bibliothek Die Deutsche Bibliothek Iists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographie data is available in the Internet at http ://dnb.ddb.de This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of Illustrations, recitation, broad casting, reproduction on mierofilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and perm ission for use must a1ways be obtained from Springer-Verlag. Violations are Iiable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law. http :// Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2003 Originally published by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelherg New York in The use of general descriptive names, registered narnes, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Product Iiability: The publisher cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information about the application of operative techniques and medieations contained in this book. In every individual case the user must check such information by consulting the relevant literature. Cover design : Erieh Kirchner, Heidelberg Typesetting: Fotosat z-serviee Köhler GmbH, Würzburg Printed on acid-free paper 24/3150PF

4 Preface This small book is a follow-up to the classic Manual ofcontact Dermatitis by Siegfried Fregert, which was published on behalf of the International Contact Dermatitis Research Group and the North American Contact Dermatitis Group. The format follows the succinct presentation of Professor Fregert. Every emphasis has been made on balancing brevity and clarity with sufficient details for the beginner in the field of diagnostic patch and prick testing. Brevity is valued by the beginner. Fortunate1y,several major textbooks including those by Cronin, Kanerva, Rycroft, and Fisher are available and provide for the second level of detail. The authors would greatly appreciate any corrections and suggestions for future editions. J.-M. Lachapelle H.-I. Maibach

5 Contents The International Contact Dermatitis Research Group J.-M. LACHAPELLE, H.I. MAIBACH 1.1 Historieal Background Current Tasks of the ICDRG 1.3 ICDRG Members I Part 1 PatchTesting 2 The Spectrum of Diseases for Which Patch Testing is Recommended. Patients Who Should be Investigated J.-M. LACHAPELLE Allergie Contact Dermatitis The Allergie Contact Dermatitis Syndrome Other Skin Diseases in Which Patch Testing is of Major Interest An Algorithmie Approach: The Key Role of Patch Testing Hand Dermatitis: Procedures Applied in Differential Diagnosis 20 References 25

6 VIII Contents 3 The Methodology of Patch Testing J.-M. LACHAPELLE, H.l. MAIBACH. " Historical Background Definition and Aims Patch Test Units A General Overview of Allergens Specific Recommendations when Considering Patch Testing Patients Application of Patch Tests on the Skin: Some Practical Suggestions Reading Time Reading and Scoring Patch Test Results Irritant Patch Test Reactions False-Positive Patch Test Reactions 55 3.I1 False-Negative Patch Test Reactions Compound Allergy Cross-Sensitization Unwanted Adverse Reactions of Patch Testing Patch Test Readings in Different Ethnic Populations Patch Testing Techniques in Different Climatic Environments 64 References 66 4 The Standard and Additional Series of Patch Tests J.-M. LACHAPELLE 4.1 Historical Background Advantages and Disadvantages of Using a Standard Series of Patch Tests The Three Major Standard Series Used Throughout the World Some Remarks about the Mixes of the Standard Series Proposal for an ICDRG Revised International Series of Patch Tests List of Allergens Proposed for an Extended ICDRGSeries Which May be Required According to Each Individual Situation List of Allergens Proposed to be Deleted from the Revised and Extended ICDRGSeries 77

7 Contents IX 4.8 Succinct Information About Allergens 4.9 Additional Series of Patch Tests Photopatch Testing 95 J.-M. LAcHAPELLE, S. FREEMAN 5.1 Definition and Aims Photo allergie Contact Dermatitis 5.3 Photoallergie Drug Eruptions Methodology of Photopatch Testing 5.5 Light Sources Proposal for a Photopatch Test Series The Atopy Patch Test in Atopic Dermatitis 103 U.Dxasow, J. RING 6.1 Introduction Atopy Patch Test Technique Atopy Patch Test Reading Atopy Patch Test Relevance, Patient Subgroups and Pitfalls Additional Testing Procedures III J.-M. LACHAPELLE, H.l. MAIBACH 7.1 Stripping Test 7.2 Open Test 7.3 Semi-Open Test 7.4 Repeated Open Application Test 7.5 Testing Procedures with Unknown Substances 7.6 Oral Provocation Test (Oral Challenge) 7.7 Spot Test Chemical Analysis

8 x Contents 8 Clinical Relevance of Patch Test Reactions J.-M. LACHAPELLE, I. ALE, H.1.MAIBACH 8.1 Introduction General Principles Past and Current Relevance 8.4 Scoring System Strategies. 8.6 Additional Investigations 8.7 Suggestions for Improved Evidence-Based Diagnosis of Relevance The True Test System 131 J.-M. LACHAPELLE, H.l. MAIBACH 9.1 Introduction The True Test System 9.3 The Standard True Test Series 9.4 Methodology of Use Addit ional Practical Inform ation Part 2 Prick Testing 10 The Spectrum of Diseases for Which Prick Testing is Recommended. Patients Who Should be Investigated J.-M. LA CHAPELLE, H.l. M AIBACH 10.1 The Contact Urticaria Syndrome 10.2 Protein Contact Dermatitis

9 Contents XI 11 The Methodology of Prick Testing and Its Variants J.-M. LACHAPELLE, H.l. MAIBACH 11.1 Prick Test: Technical Modalities and Reading Prick-by-Prick-Test Scratch Test Scratch-Chamber-Test Comparative Indications of Prick Testing and Other Related Tests Intradermal Testing Prick Testing: Allergens of Interest for Skin Problems 156 References 162 Part 3 Testingin Cutaneous SystemieDrugReaetions: Interest and limitations 12 Testing Procedures in Cutaneous Adverse Drug Reactions J.-M. LACHAPELLE, n.r. MAIBACH 12.1 General Considerations Tools of Investigations in CADR 12.3 Patch Testing in CADR 12.4 Prick Testing in CADR Suggested Reading Subject Index

10 Abbreviations ACD ACDS AD AE APT BCEDG CAD CADR CR CUS EECDRG ESCD ESS ETFAD FDA ICDRG ICU IFRA IgE JCDS MED NACDG NICU PACD PCD PLE PNU Allergie contact dermatitis Allergie contact dermatitis syndrome Atopie dermatitis Atopie eczema Atopy patch test Belgian Contact and Environmental Dermatitis Group Chronic actinic dermatitis Cutaneous adverse drug reactions Current relevance Contact urticaria syndrome European and Environmental Contact Dermatitis Research Group European Society of Contact Dermatitis Excited skin syndrome (angry back) European Task Force on Atopie Dermatitis Food and Drug Administration International Contact Dermatitis Research Group Immunological contact urtiearia International Fragrance Association Immunoglobulin E [apanese Society for Contact Dermatitis Minimum erythema dose North American Contact Dermatitis Research Group Non-immunologieal contact urtiearia Photoallergie contact dermatitis Protein contact dermatitis Polymorphie light eruption Protein nitrogen units

11 XIV Abbreviations PR PUT RAST ROAT SRCD UVL Past relevance Provocative use test Radioallergosorbent test Repeated open application test Systemic reactivation of contact dermatitis Ultraviolet light