petrochemical products identifies equipment latest specifications of ASTM as well as other international test standards.

Transcription

1 P E T R O L E U M / P E T R O C H E M I C A L T E S T G U I D E

2 T his A G u i d e t o A S T M a n d R e l a t e d S t a n d a r d T e s t s guide to current tests for petroleum and petrochemical products identifies equipment needs and standards for many popular methods. Koehler Instrument Company offers an extensive line of laboratory equipment conforming to the latest specifications of ASTM as well as other international test standards. Our full-line catalog has complete product specifications for Koehler s petroleum and petrochemical testing equipment. To receive your copy, call our toll-free number or use the fax reply form in this booklet.

3 G E N E R A L T E S T S TEST PURPOSE EQUIPMENT TEST STANDARDS Aniline Point Used to determine aromatic Thin Film Apparatus; U-Tube ASTM D611, DIN 177, content of solvents, thinners, Apparatus; Automatic Aniline FTM , IP 2, ISO 2977 plant spray oils and other products. Point Apparatus ASTM Color Used for quality control, product ASTM Color Comparator ASTM D100, FTM , identification and to detect IP 196, ISO 2049 product contamination. Autoignition Determines the lowest temperature Autoignition Furnace ASTM E69 Temperature at which the vapor of a liquid or solid chemical sample will self-ignite. Density and A widely used product specification Hydrometer, Thermo-hydrometer, ASTM D287, D1298, D167, API Relative Density serving a variety of purposes. Constant Temperature Bath 244, API 247, E100, FTM 791-1, IP 160, IP23, ISO 367, ISO 3993 Distillation A key specification for wide range Distillation Apparatus ASTM D86, D216, D233, D447, of volatile petroleum products. D80, D1078, DIN 171, E133, FTM , 101, IP 123, 191, 19, ESO 3 Distillation at The sample is distilled at a controlled, Vacuum Distillation Apparatus ASTM D1160 Reduced Pressures reduced pressure under conditions which provide approximately one theoretical plate fractionation. Film Thickness Used to control thickness of protective Pfund Film Thickness Gauge ASTM D1212 coatings on metal surfaces. Flash Point Used in shipping and safety Pensky-Martens Closed Tester; Tag ASTM D6, D92, D93, D1310, regulations to determine flammable Open and Closed Cup Testers; D3143, ANSZ-11.6, AASHTO T48, and combustible materials. Can Cleveland Open Cup Tester AASHTO T73-811, DIN 1376, DIN also be used to detect product 178, FTM , FTM , contamination. FTM , IP 34, IP 36, IP 304, ISO 292, ISO 2719 Kinematic Viscosity Critical characteristic in the design, Capillary Viscometers, Constant ASTM D44, D446, D2170, D232, manufacture and use of all types of Temperature Baths and Accessories DIN 10, FTM , IP 71, petroleum products. IP 319, ISO 3104 Penetration Determines the consistency of Penetrometer, Penetration Cones, See Lubricating Grease and semisolid petroleum products. Needles and Accessories Bitumens and Waxes Reid Vapor Pressure Determines the volatility of gasoline Reid Vapor Pressure Bombs, Gauges, ASTM D323, D1267, DIN 1616, and other petroleum products. Constant Temperature Bath, DIN 174, FTM , IP 69, Accessories 161, ISO 3007, ISO 426 Rust Protection Used to test the ability of metal Humidity Cabinet ASTM D1748, FTM , preservatives to prevent steel from JAN-H-792 rusting under conditions of high humidity. Salt in Crude Part of the preliminary assay for Salts in Crude Determination ASTM D3230 crude oils. Apparatus Sampling Obtaining liquid samples from Sampling Bombs and Beakers; ASTM D270, D923, D108, D126, storage tanks, tank cars, tank trucks, Drum Thief; LPG Sampling Cylinders D7 ship and barge tanks, drums, pipelines, etc. Saybolt Color Used for quality control and Saybolt Chromometer; Saybolt Wax ASTM D16, DIN 1411, identification of highly refined Chromometer FTM products and for detection of product contamination. Saybolt Viscosity Critical characteristic in the design, Saybolt Viscometer Tubes, Universal ASTM D88, E102, D244, AASHTO manufacture and use of all types of and Furol Orifices, Constant T72, FTM petroleum products. Temperature Baths and Accessories Sediment Content Used to determine the amount of Sediment Extraction Apparatus ASTM D473, FTM , IP 3, sediment contamination in crude DIN 1789, ISO 373 and fuel oils. Sulfur Content Measures sulfur and trace sulfur Wickbold Apparatus ASTM D2384, D2784, D278, IP 243 (Wickbold Method) content by burning a sample in an oxy-hydrogen burner. Thermometer Calibration of ASTM Thermometers Constant Temperature Comparator ASTM E77 Calibration (Calibration Bath) Unsulfonated Evaluates the degree of refinement Combined Shaking Machine and ASTM D483, DIN 1362 Residue of plant spray oils. Steam Bath, Cooling Bath 3

4 L U B R I C A T I N G G R E A S E T E S T S TEST PURPOSE EQUIPMENT TEST STANDARDS Apparent Viscosity Measures pumpability and handling Apparent Viscosimeter; Refrigerated ASTM D1092, FTM characteristics of grease. Apparent Viscosimeter Copper Strip Used to evaluate the corrosivity of Copper Strips, Corrosion Standards, ASTM D48, FTM Corrosion petroleum products. Constant Temperature Bath, Polishing Equipment Corrosion Preventative Determines the ability of lubricating Corrosion Preventative Properties ASTM D1743, FTM Properties grease to prevent rusting of metal Apparatus bearing surfaces. Dropping Point Determines the temperature at which Dropping Point Apparatus; High ASTM D66, D226, DIN 1801, grease passes from a semisolid to a Temperature Dropping Point FTM , IP 132, ISO 2176 liquid state. Apparatus Evaporation Loss Measures the tendency of components Evaporation Test Cell and Constant ASTM D972, D29, FTM , in oils or greases to evaporate at Temperature Bath; High Temperature IP 183 high temperature. Evaporation Loss Apparatus Grease Mobility Used to predict pumpability Grease Mobility Tester U.S. Steel/ASTM test currently in characteristics of lubricating grease ballot under low temperature operating conditions. Leakage Tendencies Evaluates the tendency of automotive Leakage Tendencies Tester; High ASTM D1263, D4290, FTM wheel bearing greases to separate oil Temperature Wheel Bearing or grease (standard or accelerated Grease Tester methods). Life Performance Evaluates the high temperature High Temperature Wheel Bearing ASTM D327 stability of automotive wheel Grease Tester bearing greases. Low Temperature Significant for the design and Low Temperature Torque Apparatus, ASTM D1478, D4693, FTM Torque specification of greases for low Low Temperature Wheel Bearing temperature service. Torque Apparatus Oil Separation Determines the tendency of Pressure Bleeding Test Cell and ASTM D1742, FTM , FTM lubricating grease to bleed oil Constant Temperature Air Cabinet; , IP 121 during storage. Oil Separation Apparatus Oxidation Stability An accelerated aging test for quality Oxidation Bomb, Pressure Gauge, ASTM D942, DIN 1808, FTM 791- control. Constant Temperature Bath 343, IP 142 Particle A rapid test for determining the ASTM Deleterious Particles ASTM D14 Contamination presence of deleterious particles in Determination Apparatus lubricating greases. Penetration Determines the consistency of Penetrometer (Automatic, manual), ASTM D217, D13, DIN 180, lubricating greases. Penetration Cone, Grease Worker, DIN 1804, FTM , 312, 313, Constant Temperature Bath, IP 0, IP 179, IP 310, ISO 2137 Accessories Roll Stability Used together with the ASTM D13 Roll Stability Tester, Quarter-Scale or ASTM D1831, MIL-G-10924SA Cone Penetration test to evaluate Half-Scale Penetration Test Equipment shear stability. Water Leaching Determines the ability of silicone Gas Evolution/Water Leaching Test API (BUL A2) thread compounds to resist the wash- Apparatus ing action of water. Water Spray Off Evaluates the tendency of a Water Spray Off Tester ASTM D49 lubricating grease to adhere to a metal surface under direct water spray. Water Washout Evaluates the adhesion properties Water Washout Tester ASTM D1264, FTM , IP 21 Characteristics of grease when subjected to direct water stream. L U B R I C A T I N G O I L T E S T S Cloud & Pour Points Determines low temperature flow Cloud and Pour Point Chamber; Re- ASTM D97, D200, FTM , IP 1, characteristics of petroleum oils. frigerated Cloud & Pour Point Baths DIN 197, IP 219, ISO 301, ISO 3016 Coking Tendency Test the tendency of finished oils Panel Coker FTM to form coke deposits in high temperature applications. Copper Strip Used to evaluate the corrosivity of Copper Strip Corrosion Test Bath, ASTM D130, FTM , FSPT Corrosion lubricants and other petroleum Strips, Standards, Polishing DT-28-6, IP 14, DIN 179, ISO 2160 products. Equipment 4

5 L U B R I C A T I N G O I L T E S T S ( C O N T D ) TEST PURPOSE EQUIPMENT TEST STANDARDS Corrosion of Lead Measures the corrosiveness of Lead Corrosion Test Apparatus FTM lubricating oils or lead in the presence of a copper catalyst. Corrosivity/Oxidation Evaluates ability of lubricants Corrosivity/Oxidation Stability ASTM D4636, FTM , to avoid thermal breakdown and Test Apparatus DIN 1394, FTM formation of corrosive compounds. Demulsibility Tests the ability of lubricating oils Stirrer Assemblies, Constant ASTM D2711, DIN 133 Characteristics to separate from water when Temperature Bath, Separatory emulsions are formed. Funnels, Accessories Evaporation Loss Measures the tendency of components Evaporation Test Cell and Constant ASTM D972, FTM , IP 183 in oils or greases to evaporate at Temperature Bath; High Temperature high temperatures. Evaporation Loss Apparatus Foaming Evaluates suitability of lubricating Foaming Characteristics Test Bath, ASTM D892, DIN 166, FTM 791- Characteristics oils for applications where foaming High Temperature Foam Test Bath 3211, 3213, IP 146, ASTM High Temp. is encountered. Foam Test Draft Gear Oil Standard test method for evaluation L-60-1 test stand with complete ASTM D704 (L-60-1 test method) Oxidation Test of thermal and oxidative stability instrumentation, test gears, bearings, of lubricating oils used for manual seals and accessories. transmissions and final drive axles. Oxidation Stability Accelerated aging tests to determine Oxidation Bath, Catalyst Coils, ASTM D943, D24, D2893, D4310, oxidation stability of lubricants. Accessories, Glassware DIN 186, DIN 187, IP 280, IP 306, See also: RBOT & TFOUT. IP 307, IP 33 Rotating Bomb An accelerated test for determining the Oxidation Bombs, RBOT Bath, ASTM D2112, D2272, IP 229 Oxidation (RBOT) oxidation stability of lubricants. Pressure Recording Equipment, Data Acq. Software, Accessories Rust Preventing Used to determine the ability of Rust Prevention Characteristics Bath- ASTM D66, D3603, DIN 18, Characteristics lubricants to prevent rusting of Standard Method; Horizontal Disc FTM , IP 13, NACE TM01-72 metal parts in steam turbines. Method Thermal Oxidation Used to determine the deterioration Thermal Oxidation Stability Test FTM Stability of lubricants under severe oxidation Apparatus conditions. Thin Film Oxidation A variation of the RBOT test - Oxidation Bombs, RBOT Bath, ASTM D4742 Uptake (TFOUT) evaluates the oxidation stability of TFOUT Adapters, Catalyst Pkgs. automotive engine oils. Data Acq. Software, Accessories Water Separability A variation of the Demulsibility New multiple position ASTM D11, DIN 199, Characteristics test - used for Water Separability Tester FTM , ISO 6614 light oils. F U E L T E S T S Antirust Properties Used to control corrosion in product Rust Preventing Characteristics NACE TM of Pipeline Cargoes pipelines by moisture condensed Bath and Accessories from gasoline & distillate fuels. Carbon Residue Evaluates the deposit forming Ramsbottom Carbon Residue ASTM D189, D24, FTM , tendencies of fuels. & Conradson Residue Apparatus FTM , IP 13, IP 14, ISO 4262 Cold Filter Determines the lowest temperature Cold Filter Plugging Point DIN 1428, IP 309 Plugging Point at which a lubricant will flow at a Apparatus, Cooling Bath, Vacuum prescribed rate. System Commercial Used for testing dryness of com- Cobalt Bromide Test Apparatus GPA Standard 21 Propane Dryness mercial propane & propane HD. Copper Strip Used to evaluate the corrosivity Copper Strip Corrosion Test Bombs, ASTM D130, D1838, FTM , Corrosion of petroleum products. Strips, Standards, Constant Temp. ISO 621, DIIN 179, FSPT DT-28-6, Bath, Polishing Equipment IP 14, IP 227, ISO 2160 Existent Gum Determines amount of gum pre- Evaporation Bath, Steam Superheater, ASTM D381, DIN 1784, Content sent in automotive & aviation fuels. Steam Generator FTM , IP 131, ISO 6246 Freezing Point Used for evaluating low temperature Freezing Point Apparatus ASTM D1177, D2386, D3117, D3799, flow characteristics. DIN 1421, FTM , IP 16, ISO 3013 Oxidation Stability Evaluates the tendency of automotive Oxidation Bomb, Data Acq. Software, ASTM D2, D873, DIN 1780, and aviation fuels to form gum in Constant Temperature Bath, and FTM , FTM , IP, storage. Accessories IP 138 Oxidation Stability Evaluates the storage stability of Oxidation Bath, Accessories ASTM D2274, DIN 1799 middle distillate fuels.

6 F U E L T E S T S ( C O N T D ) TEST PURPOSE EQUIPMENT TEST STANDARDS Reid Vapor Pressure The basic test for volatility of Reid Vapor Pressure Bombs, Gauges, ASTM D323, D1267, DIN 1616, 174, automotive gasoline, LPG, and Constant Temperature Bath FTM , IP 69, ISO 3007, 426 other fuels. Sediment Content Determines amount of sediment pre- Extraction Apparatus ASTM D473, DIN 1789, sent in crude & fuel oils by extraction. FTM , IP 3, ISO 373 Silver Corrosion Determines the corrosiveness of Silver Strips, Glassware, Corrosion IP 227 aviation fuels toward silver. Standard Constant Temp. Bath Smoke Point Gives an indication of combustion Smoke Point Lamp ASTM D1322, DIN 16, qualities of aviation turbine oils and FTM , IP 7, ISO 3014 kerosene. Thermal Stability Tests the preheater fouling Thermal Stability Apparatus ASTM D1661, FTM tendencies of burner fuel oil. Volatility of LPG Provides measure of least volatile Precooling Apparatus and Accessories ASTM D1837, D218, GPA 21 Residues in LPG fuel components present in product. B I T U M E N A N D W A X T E S T S Blocking & Picking Indicates the lowest temperature at Wax Coating Device, Blocking Plate ASTM D146, TAPPI T62 Points of Wax which surface film injury will occur when waxed surfaces come in contact. Breaking Point For solid and semisolid bitumens. Bending Apparatus IP 80 Ductility Evaluates the tensile properties of Ductility Testing Machine, Force ASTM D113, D-4 Proposal P226, bituminous materials by pulling a Measuring Adapter AASHTO T1, ANS A37.11, Federal briquet specimen apart under Specification SS-R-6C, USDA method controlled conditions. 1 (BUL 12-16), IP 32, DIN 2013 Melting Point Used to determine the suitability of Wax Melting Point Apparatus ASTM D87, FTM , IP, petroleum waxes for most applications. ISO 3841, TAPPI T630M-61 Oil Content and Determines the oil or solvent Oil Solvent Extractables Content ASTM D721, D323, DIN 171/2, Solvent Extractables extractables content of petroleum Apparatus FTM , IP 18, ISO 2908, waxes. TAPPI T636 Penetration Determines the consistency of solid Penetrometer, Wax Penetration Needle, ASTM D, D937, D1321, DIN 179, and semisolid bituminous materials. Constant Temp. Bath Accessories IP 49 Residue & Oil Determines the amounts and Aluminum Still, Ring Burner, ASTM D244, AASHTO T9 Distillate properties of asphalt cement in Glassware emulsified asphalts. Softening Point Used for determining the consistency Ring-and-Ball Apparatus ASTM D36, D2398, E28, AASHTO T3 (Ring-and-Ball) of bituminous materials. Staining Properties Used for asphalts having ring-and- Staining Properties Apparatus ASTM D1328 ball softening points of 6.6 Degrees C (10 Degrees F) or greater. Tensile Strength Determines the tensile strength of Wax Sample Molds, Curing Bath, ASTM D1320, TAPPI 644M paraffin waxes. Accessories Thin Film Oven Test Used to determine changes in asphalt Thin Film Oven Pans ASTM D174 properties during hot-mixing. Water Content Used to determine the water Metal Still, Ring Burner, Glassware, ASTM D9, D244, AASHTO T, T9, content of emulsified asphalts Accessories E123, IP 74, IP 291 and bituminous materials. F L O W C O N V E R S I O N C H A R T To convert the numerical value of a property ex-pressed in one of the units in the left-hand column of the table to the numerical value expressed in one of the units in the top row of the table, multiply the former value by the factor in the block common to both units. UNITS gal (US)/min cu ft/min liters/sec cu m/hr gal (US)/min cu ft/min liters/sec cu m/hr

7 C O M P A R I S O N O F V I S C O S I T Y C L A S S I F I C A T I O N S Approximate equivalents. Viscosities can be related horizontally only. Viscosities based on 9 VI single grade oils. KINEMATIC VISOCITIES SAYBOLT VISCOSITIES CST/ CST/ SUS/ SUS/ C 100 C 100 F 210 F ISO VG SAE GRADES SAE GRADES AGMA GRADES OILS GEAR OILS C 100 C 100 C 100 F W W W 80W 7W 8A V I S C O S I T Y Approximate equivalents at same temperature KINEMATIC SAYBOLT SAYBOLT KINEMATIC SAYBOLT SAYBOLT KINEMATIC SAYBOLT SAYBOLT (CENTISTOKES) UNIVERSAL FUROL (CENTISTOKES) UNIVERSAL FUROL (CENTISTOKES) UNIVERSAL FUROL (SECONDS) (SECONDS) (SECONDS) (SECONDS) (SECONDS) (SECONDS) (SECONDS) (SECONDS) (SECONDS) , , , , , , , , , , , ,082, ,190, ,300 6, , 6, ,1 7, ,62 7, ,730 8, ,8 8, ,90 9, ,0 9, ,16 10,000 1,000 7

8 P R E S S U R E C O N V E R S I O N S To convert the numerical value of a property expressed in one of the units in the left-hand column of the table to the numerical value expressed in one of the units in the top row of the table, multiply the former value by the factor in the block common to both units. UNITS Bars Atmospheres Dynes/sq cm mmhg (1 Torr) at OC lb (Force)/sq in Pascals Bars X10 Atmospheres X X10 Dynes/sq cm X X X mmhg (1 Torr) at OC 1.33x x10-3 1, lb (Force)/sq in ,894.7 Pascals 1X X X X F A X U S T O R E C E I V E O U R F U L L - L I N E C A T A L O G Fax: Name Title Phone Company Div./Dept Address City State Zip Principal products or services Please check areas of interest: general tests flash point penetration samplers Saybolt color vapor pressure viscosity other lubricating grease tests lubricating oil tests fuel tests bitumen & wax tests environmental: samplers tests special applications and custom equipment: Distributed by: (IN U.S. ONLY) 19 SYCAMORE AVE., BOHEMIA, NEW YORK TEL: (631) FAX: (631) sales@koehlerinstrument.com