Neue EMV-Richtlinie 2004/108/EG EMC in the jungle of directives and standards Christoph Hauser Head of EMC laboratory Electrosuisse Fehraltorf

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1 Neue EMV-Richtlinie 2004/108/EG EMC in the jungle of directives and standards Christoph Hauser Head of EMC laboratory Electrosuisse Fehraltorf 1 EMV-Fachtagung swisst.meeting vom 21. Januar 2014 / Hauser Christoph

2 EMC in the jungle of directives and standards INHALT EMC directive Overview European directives related to EMC Standards with EMC requirements Example: Medical devices Example: Vehicles Example: Low Voltage Directive Example: Machinery directive Examples of other directives Manufacturer requirements Functional safety (EMC influences) Example: Laboratory equipment Example: Household appliances EMF (Electromagnetic Fields) Special requirements: Short Range Devices 2 EMV-Fachtagung swisst.meeting vom 21. Januar 2014 / Hauser Christoph

3 Definition of EMC electromagnetic compatibility means the ability of equipment to function satisfactorily in its electromagnetic environment without introducing intolerable electromagnetic disturbances to other equipment in that environment. EMC directive 2004/108/EC: Article 2 (1)(d) 3 EMV-Fachtagung swisst.meeting vom 21. Januar 2014 / Hauser Christoph

4 EMC - directive The EMC directive 2004/108/EC is only applicable, if the product is not covered by another directive! DIRECTIVE 2004/108/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 15 December 2004 Therefore it has to be checked, if for the product another directive exists or if this partticular product is exempted. on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to electromagnetic compatibility and repealing Directive 89/336/EEC... Unfortunately there exists no overview of all directives and standards with relation to EMC 4 EMV-Fachtagung swisst.meeting vom 21. Januar 2014 / Hauser Christoph

5 Exemptions Equipment without electric or electronic component Equipment which is inherently compliant - Example: Immersion heater Exempted product families: - Aircraft - Aeronautical products - Radio equipment used by radio amateurs Equipment covered by other directives: - see following next slides 2004/108/EC: Art. 1 (3) 2004/108/EC: Art. 1 (3) 2004/108/EC: Art. 1 (2) Regulation 1592/ /108/EC: Art. 1 (4) 5 EMV-Fachtagung swisst.meeting vom 21. Januar 2014 / Hauser Christoph

6 European directives related to EMC (1) 2004/108/EC Electromagnetic compatibility EMC Elektromagnetische Verträglichkeit 2006/95/EC Low Voltage Directive LVD Niederspannungsrichtlinie 1999/5/EC Radio and telecommunications terminal equipment RTTE Runkanlagen und Telekommunikationseinrichtungen 93/42/EC Medical devices MDD Medizingeräte 98/79/EC In-vitro diagnostic medical devices IVD In vitro Diagnosegeräte 90/385/EC Active implantable medical devices AIMD AKtive Implantate 6 EMV-Fachtagung swisst.meeting vom 21. Januar 2014 / Hauser Christoph

7 European directives related to EMC (2) 2006/42/EC MD 2004/22/EC MID 2009/23/EC NAWI 2008/57/EC 95/16/EC 2011/75/EC (1996/98/EC) Machinery Directive Maschinen-Richtlinie Measuring instruments Messgeräte (Zähler) Non-automatic weighing Nichtselbsttätige Waagen Railway systems: interoperability Interoperabilität des Eisenbahnsystems Lifts Lifte Marine equipment Schiffsausrüstung 7 EMV-Fachtagung swisst.meeting vom 21. Januar 2014 / Hauser Christoph

8 European directives related to EMC (3) 2004/104/EC 97/24/EC (2009/108/EC) 2009/64/EC 94/25/EC (2003/44/EC) Radio interference of vehicles Funkentstörung von Kraftfahrzeugen Two or three-wheel motor vehicles (and quadricycles) Zweiräder, Dreiräder Radio interference of tractors Funkentstörung von Traktoren Recrational craft Sportboote Only indirect: EMC has to be fulfilled and a hazard by EMC phenomena must be possible: 94/9/EC ATEX Equipment for explosive athmospheres Geräte für explosionsgefährdete Bereiche 8 EMV-Fachtagung swisst.meeting vom 21. Januar 2014 / Hauser Christoph

9 Example: Medical Devices Directive 93/42/EC 9 EMV-Fachtagung swisst.meeting vom 21. Januar 2014 / Hauser Christoph

10 Example: Medical Devices Directive 93/42/EC The MDD is a so called vertical directive, this means all requirements are covered and therefore also the EMC requirements. The scope of the product family standard IEC/EN (listed under the MDD) covers nearly all medical products. This standard also defines, which EMC phenomena not have to be tested. Some of the standards of x series demands additional requirements for the EMC test of special products, for example the test against the influence of a coagulation generator. 10 EMV-Fachtagung swisst.meeting vom 21. Januar 2014 / Hauser Christoph

11 Example: Vehicles The directive 2004/104/EC (radio interference of vehicles) is one of a huge number of directives suitable to show compliance of vehicles. This directive is unique, because it also contains the requirements for the EMC tests itself! 11 EMV-Fachtagung swisst.meeting vom 21. Januar 2014 / Hauser Christoph

12 Example: Vehicles The directives 2009/108/EC (two- or three wheel vehicles) and 2009/64/EC (radio interference of tractors) have the identical structure EMV-Fachtagung swisst.meeting vom 21. Januar 2014 / Hauser Christoph

13 Example Low-Voltage Directive (1) The standards mentioned below are examples of harmonised standards with EMC content listed under the LVD as well as the EMC directive. EN EN (IEC ) EN (IEC ) Switches for household and similar fixed electrical installations Switches and related accessories for use in home and building electronic systems (HBES) Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies Part 1: General rules Switches for household and similar fixed electrical installations Part 2-1: Particular requirements - Electronic switches Very detailed informations for setup and direct links to und Annex J, requirements for environments A and B Detailed requirements and criteria 13 EMV-Fachtagung swisst.meeting vom 21. Januar 2014 / Hauser Christoph

14 Example Low-Voltage Directive (2) EN x (IEC x) EN 61008/9 EN (IEC 61008/9) (IEC 61543) Automatic electrical controls for household and similar use Part 1: General requirements Residual current operated circuitbreakers without/with integral overcurrent protection for household and similar uses (RCCB's/RCBOs). Part 1: General rules Detailed requirements / Differences from EN to IEC Test specified with 0.3 and 1.25 * I N EN (IEC ) Programmable controllers - Part 2: Equipment requirements and tests Detailed requirements for several zones 14 EMV-Fachtagung swisst.meeting vom 21. Januar 2014 / Hauser Christoph

15 Example Low-Voltage Directive (3) The standards mentioned below are examples of harmonised standards with EMC content listed under the LVD, but not under the EMC directive. EN EN (IEC ) EN x (IEC x) EN (IEC 62080) Electronic equipment for use in power installations Switches for appliances Part 1: General requirements Electric vehicle conductive charging system Sound signalling devices for household and similar purposes 6.3: Link to Generic standards Requirements similar to Clause 9 or 11: EMC-requirements Clause 26: EMC-requirements 15 EMV-Fachtagung swisst.meeting vom 21. Januar 2014 / Hauser Christoph

16 Example: EMC and machinery directive: EN :2006 clause Equipment shall not generate electromagnetic disturbances above the limits (= emission) Equipment shall have a sufficient level of susceptibility against electromagnetic disturbances (= immunity) Links to Generic standards EN to EN Links to some product standards (they take precedence!) Measures to limit generation of electromagnetic disturbances Measures to enhance the immunity against influences Link to EN (earthing / cabling) 16 EMV-Fachtagung swisst.meeting vom 21. Januar 2014 / Hauser Christoph

17 Example: Product standard takes precedence This equipment is covered by the scope of the product-family standard EN (EMC of machine tools), listed under the EMC directive. Furthermore it is classified as apparatus, not as fixed installation. According to the EMC directive and the product standard EN this is an apparatus, not a fixed installation, because the product is commercially available as a single functional unit and finally tested by the manufacturer. 17 EMV-Fachtagung swisst.meeting vom 21. Januar 2014 / Hauser Christoph

18 Examples of other directives (1) Document Directive Standard with EMC content 98/79/EC IVD 90/385/EC AIMD In-vitro diagnostic medical devices Active implantable medical devices EN (EMC medical IVD equipment) EN x (Pacemakers, defillibrators) 2004/22/EC MID Measuring instruments EN (Electricity metering) 2009/23/EC NAWI Non-automatic weighing instruments EN (only immunity) (Metrological aspects of nonautomatic weighing instruments) 18 EMV-Fachtagung swisst.meeting vom 21. Januar 2014 / Hauser Christoph

19 Examples of other directives (2) Document Directive Standard with EMC content 2008/57/EC Railway systems: interoperability EN / x (Electronic equipment used on rolling stock) 95/16/EC Lifts EN (EMC Product family standard for lifts, escalators and moving walks) 2011/75/EC Marine equipment EN / (Maritime navigation and radiocommunication equipment and systems) 94/25/EC Recreational craft EN (Electrical installations in ships. Part 507: Pleasure craft) 19 EMV-Fachtagung swisst.meeting vom 21. Januar 2014 / Hauser Christoph

20 Manufacturer requirements Many companies defined their own standards, additional measurements or enhanced test levels to improve the product quality. Type approval Guideline Testplan EMV Enhanced EMC requirements Burst / Surge Technical Specification Nr Harmonics Flicker Emission Immunity Specification Standards EMC Approbationrules EMC 20 EMV-Fachtagung swisst.meeting vom 21. Januar 2014 / Hauser Christoph

21 Example Burst: Manufacturer requirements Manufacturer A: 2 kv (crit. A) / 4 kv (crit. B) / 2.5 kv no mains filter (crit. B) single coupling and common-mode Manufacturer B: 2 kv (crit. A) / 4 kv (crit. B) single coupling on supply ports, common-mode all other ports Manufacturer C: 1 kv (crit. A) / 2 kv (crit. B) / 4 kv (crit. C) Manufacturer D: 4 kv (crit. B) / 6 kv (crit. C) / 8 kv (crit. D) Manufacturer E: kv, giving 1.5 kv (crit. B) Manufacturer F: 2 kv (crit. B) Requirement of standard: EN : ±1 kv L+N+PE EN : ±2 kv L+N+PE 15 ms duration at 300 ms period Criterion B 21 EMV-Fachtagung swisst.meeting vom 21. Januar 2014 / Hauser Christoph

22 Functional safety (EMC influences) Functional safety is part of the overall safety that depends on a system or equipment operating correctly in response to its inputs. The functions of the EUT intended for safety applications may be disturbed temporarily or permanently if the EUT reacts in a way that defined state or states are maintained or achieved within a stated time ( fail-safe). Also, destruction is allowed. for more precise definitions see EN , clause or EN EMV-Fachtagung swisst.meeting vom 21. Januar 2014 / Hauser Christoph

23 Overview standards for functional safety (1) IEC/EN clause Household and similar electrical appliances Safety Part 1: General requirements LVD IEC/EN IEC/EN Electrical equipment for measurement, control and laboratory use EMC requirements Part 3-x: Immunity requirements for safety-related systems and for equipment intended to perform safetyrelated functions (Functional safety) not yet listed in official journal, according to CENELEC EMC related IEC/EN Functional safety of electrical / electronic / programmable electronic safety-related systems Part 2: Requirements for electrical/electronic/ programmable electronic safety-related systems Basic standard, not listed in OJ, has to be applied together with IEC/EN Hint: see also IEC/TS EMV-Fachtagung swisst.meeting vom 21. Januar 2014 / Hauser Christoph

24 Overview standards for functional safety (2) IEC/EN Adjustable speed electrical power drive systems Part 5-2: Safety requirements - Functional MD Procedure based on x, no explicit requirements IEC/EN (annex E has been deleted in edition 2013, link to EN ) Safety of machinery Functional safety of safety-related electrical, electronic and programmable electronic control systems MD Table E.1 contained test level and phenomena IEC/EN Safety of machinery Electro-sensitive protective equipment Part 1: General requirements and tests MD Clause defines test levels for normal use and functional safety 24 EMV-Fachtagung swisst.meeting vom 21. Januar 2014 / Hauser Christoph

25 Example 1: Laboratory equipment EN and are applicable to show compliance for functional safety. Both standards are not yet listed in the OJ. The procedure is based on the risk analysis and the determination of the electromagnetic environment according to EN und TS The product fulfills, if it remains safe unter EMC influences. In some cases, this also may be safe state, although the appliance is destroyed. To show compliance for functional safety typically the test levels are higher than required for industrial environment. 25 EMV-Fachtagung swisst.meeting vom 21. Januar 2014 / Hauser Christoph

26 Example 2: Household appliances For a type approval of household appliances there are also requirements for funtional safety under EMC influences. (IEC/EN , clause ) The appliance shall not undergo a dangerous malfunction, and there shall be no failure of protective electronic circuits if the appliance is still operable. Appliances tested with an electronic switch in the off position, or in the stand-by mode, shall not become operational, or if they become operational, not result in a dangerous malfunction during or after the tests of EMV-Fachtagung swisst.meeting vom 21. Januar 2014 / Hauser Christoph

27 Example 2: Test levels of EN , Test levels for appliances with stand-by or protective electronic circuits: IEC ESD 8 kv Contact, 15 kv air discharge IEC Radiated fields 10 V/m, MHz * IEC Burst 4 kv, 5 khz on mains power supply IEC Surge 2 kv L-N / 4 kv L-PE and N-PE ** IEC Injected currents 10 V, MHz IEC Dips & interruptions 0%-10 ms, 0%-20 ms, 40%-200 ms 70%-500 ms, 80%-5 s IEC Harmonics Class 2: Hz, 3 21 V Cut-off voltage Switching level -10% for 60 s * Edition 2006 of : extended frequency range MHz Edition 5 of : frequency range defined with MHz and MHz ** Surge protective devices disconnected / Earthed heating elements disconnected if class 1 27 EMV-Fachtagung swisst.meeting vom 21. Januar 2014 / Hauser Christoph

28 EMF (ElectroMagnetic Fields) EMF is the ability of a device, equipment or system to work satisfactorily in its environment without causing interferences that would be unacceptable to all living organisms in this environment. It therefore includes thermal and nonthermal effects of electromagnetic fields on biological systems. See also council recommendation 1999/519/EC 28 EMV-Fachtagung swisst.meeting vom 21. Januar 2014 / Hauser Christoph

29 Harmonised standards EMF Several harmonised standards for EMF have been listed in the Official Journal (OJ) under the Low-Voltage Directive 2006/95/EC: Some examples: Standard EN 62233:2008 EN 62311:2008 EN 62479:2010 EN 62493:2010 Scope Household appliances (and tools, also commercial) Basic standard Low power equipment (< 20 mw) Lighting equipment The physical base is the same for EMF and EMC. In some cases the same measurement equipment is used or EMC emission or measurement results s are used also to show compliance for EMF EMV-Fachtagung swisst.meeting vom 21. Januar 2014 / Hauser Christoph

30 Example: Household appliances EN 62233» Scope: household appliances, toys and portable tools» Excluded: personal computers, audio/video equipment, installations» Measurement of magnetic flux density in the frequency range 10 Hz to 400 khz against reference values of recommendation 1999/519/EG» A transfer function compensates the frequency response of the organism» Microwave ovens have to fulfill additional standards. For induction hobs, special test conditions are applied.» The electric field has only to be measured, if there are voltages above 1 kv» Typical measuring distance (distance of use): 0 cm, 30 cm, 50 cm 30 EMV-Fachtagung swisst.meeting vom 21. Januar 2014 / Hauser Christoph

31 Reference values (Recommendation 1999/519/EC) Frequency range E-field strength (V/m) H-field strength (A/m) B-field (µt) Equivalent plane wave power density S eq (W/m 2 ) 0 1 Hz Hz / f / f Hz / f / f Hz / f 4000 / f / f khz 250 / f khz MHz / f 0.92 / f 1 10 MHz 87/ f 1/ / f 0.92 / f MHz MHz 1,375 f 1/ f 1/ 2 0,0046 f 1/ 2 f / GHz covered by IEC/EN 62233: 10 Hz 400 khz 31 EMV-Fachtagung swisst.meeting vom 21. Januar 2014 / Hauser Christoph

32 Special requirements: Short range devices If you integrate a Short Range Device (SRD), for example WLAN, Bluetooth, ZigBee, RFID reader etc., an appliance mutates to a telecommunication product. Therefore it falls under the R&TTE directive 1999/5/EC and has also to fulfill ETSI standards. For the radio spectrum matters of such a SRD, the appropriate ETSI standards are applied to show conformity of the radiator: (e.g. ETSI EN , , , ) Hints: Use of global recognized ISM frequencies, use of standardized modules, no change of antenna, bothering suppliers to get certificates and/or test reports (which covers the radio spectrum matters) The immunity of the complete system is tested under consideration of the appropriate standard ETSI EN x. 32 EMV-Fachtagung swisst.meeting vom 21. Januar 2014 / Hauser Christoph

33 Akkreditierungen STS001 SCES 035 SIS 026 S T S S CE S S I S SCHWEIZERISCHER PRÜFSTELLENDIENST SERVICE SUISSE D INSPECTION SERVIZIO SVIZZERO D INSPEZIONE SWISS TESTING SERVICE SCHWEIZERISCHER ZERTIFIZIERUNGSDIENST SERVICE SUISSE DE CERTIFICATION SERVIZIO SVIZZERO DI CERTIFICAZIONE SWISS CERTIFICATION SERVICE SCHWEIZERISCHER INSPEKTIONSDIENST SERVICE SUISSE D INSPECTION SERVIZIO SVIZZERO D INSPEZIONE SWISS INSPECTION SERVICE Netzwerk Referenzen 33 EMV-Fachtagung swisst.meeting vom 21. Januar 2014 / Hauser Christoph