Compound Machine: Two or more simple machines working together to make work easier. Examples: Wheelbarrow, Can Opener, Bicycle
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1 Name SOL 4.2 Simple and Compound Machines NOTE - Simple machines are NOT included in the 5 th REVISED Science Standards Simple Machine: A machine with few or no moving parts. Simple machines make work easier. Examples: Screw, Wheel and Axle, Wedge, Pulley, Inclined Plane, Lever Compound Machine: Two or more simple machines working together to make work easier. Examples: Wheelbarrow, Can Opener, Bicycle Inclined plane: A sloping surface, such as a ramp. Makes lifting heavy loads easier. The trade-off is that an object must be moved a longer distance than if it was lifted straight up, but less force is needed. Examples: Staircase, Ramp Lever: A straight rod or board that pivots on a point known as a fulcrum. Pushing down on one end of a lever results in the upward motion of the opposite end of the fulcrum. Examples: Door on Hinges, Seesaw, Hammer, Bottle Opener Pulley: A wheel that usually has a groove around the outside edge for a rope or belt. Pulling down on the rope can lift an object attached to the rope. Work is made easier because pulling down on the rope is made easier due to gravity. Examples: Flag Pole, Crane, Mini-Blinds Screw: An inclined plane wrapped around a shaft or cylinder. This inclined plane allows the screw to move itself or to move an object or material surrounding it when rotated. Examples: Bolt, Spiral Staircase Wedge: Two inclined planes joined back to back. Wedges are used to split things. Examples: Axe, Knife Wheel and Axle: A larger wheel (or wheels) connected to a smaller axle. When the axle is turned, the wheel moves a greater distance than the axle, but less force is needed to move it. Example: Door Knob, Wagon, Toy Car, screwdriver 1
2 Simple Machines NAME THE SIMPLE MACHINE WHAT IT IS HOW THEY MAKE WORK EASIER EXAMPLES Fill in the examples from the list below A stiff bar that rests on a support called a Lifts or moves loads A slanting surface connecting a lower level to a higher level Makes lifting easier A wheel with a rod, called an through its center: Both parts move together Lifts or moves loads An inclined plane wrapped around a pole Holds things together or lifts A grooved wheel with a or cable around it Moves things up, down, or across An object with at least one slanting side ending in a sharp edge or spreads an object apart bolt, shovel, nail, mini-blind cord, screw, pencil sharpener crank, flag pole, slide, ax, doorknob, pin, seesaw, crowbar, corkscrew, skateboard, bottle opener, bike wheel, sloped driveway, jar lid, tow truck, stairs, knife, wheelchair ramp, crane 2
3 Under each item, write the name of the simple machine it uses The wheelbarrow is a compound machine. Which two simple machines does it use? 3
4 The bike is a compound machine. Name and circle at least four simple machines in this bike. 1. Machines help us work: a. efficiently b. frequently 2. Simple machines have: a. few or no moving parts b. many moving parts 3. Name the six types of simple machines. a. b. c. d. e. f. 4. A lever: is used to lift or move things. Which is NOT a lever? a. shovel b. broom c. ramp d. bottle opener e. hammer 5. An inclined plane: has a slanted surface. It is used to move things from a low place to a high place. Some are smooth and others have steps. Which is not an inclined plane? a. stairs b. a ramp c. a ladder d. a roof e. a knife 6. On a wheel and axle, the wheel is connected to a center post called an axle. Turning the lager wheel makes turning the axle easier. Which is not a wheel and axle? a. doorknob b. screwdriver handle c. pencil sharpener handle, d. hammer e. bike peddle 7. A wedge is made of two inclined planes joined together to make a sharp edge. It s used for cutting or spreading things. Some are pointed. Which is not a wedge? a. knife b. broom c. axe 4
5 d. needle e. nail 8. A screw is a twisted inclined plane. A screw: a. can be used to hold two pieces of wood together b. is used to cut or split things 9. A pulley can be used: a. to hoist a flag b. to tow a car c. both 10. A machine that is a combination of two or more simple machines is a: a. compound machine b. complex machine 11. Machines that are made of many compound machines are: a. complex machines b. compiled machines 12. Which is not a compound machine? a. bike b. wheelbarrow c. eggbeater d. car 13. Which is not a complex machine a. car b. vacuum cleaner c. wheelbarrow d. airplane 14. Which ramp requires a greater distance but less force? a. A b. B c. C 15. What is the purpose of a simple machine? a. to change potential energy into kinetic energy b. to produce inertia c. to make work easier and use less force d. to test force 16. What is the term used to describe the tendency of objects to remain at rest or in motion? a. inertia b. force 17. Which could cause an object to move? b. inertia c. a force 18. Which has the greatest inertia? a. a book b. a car c. a truck 19. An object with will have more inertia. a. greater volume b. greater mass c. greater height 5
6 20. Inertia--Unless acted on by a force, objects in motion tend to stay in motion and objects at rest remain at rest. What kind of force might stop or slow a moving object? b. gravity c. hitting another object d. all of the above 21. If you are trying to push a wagon filled with bricks, the hardest part will be getting it started. Once it s moving it will be easier to push. This happens because of : b. inertia c. potential energy d. kinetic energy 22. The resistance to motion created by two objects rubbing against each other is called: b. inertia 23. True or False - Friction creates heat. 26. Which store chemical potential energy? Circle all a. fossil fuels b. batteries c. food d. electricity e. wind 27. Kinetic energy is: a. the energy of motion b. stored energy 28. Which has more potential energy? a. an apple hanging from a high branch b. a falling apple 29. Can energy be created or destroyed? a. yes b. no 30. The source of all forms of energy is: a. electricity b. lightning c. the sun 24. Why is oil added to a car s engine? a. to increase inertia b. to reduce inertia c. to increase friction d. to reduce friction 25. Why do people put sand under a car wheel when it is spinning on ice? a. to increase kinetic energy b. to increase friction between the tires and the ice c. to make the wheel spin more 6
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2.3 RICTION The property by virtue of which a resisting force is created between two rough bodies that resists the sliding of one body over the other is known as friction. The force that always opposes
Educators Guide With Hands-On Activities for Upper Elementary and Middle School
Educators Guide With Hands-On Activities for Upper Elementary and Middle School I have been impressed with the urgency of doing. Knowing is not enough; we must apply. Being willing is not enough; we must