VLAN in MikroTik. By Mohammed Khomeini Bin ABU MUM Indonesia, 2013
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1 VLAN in MikroTik By Mohammed Khomeini Bin ABU MUM Indonesia, 2013
2 About Presentation To help you understand fundamental of Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) and implementation in MikroTik router To explain a few example of implementation in site To show example running VLAN in several MikroTik routers 2
3 About Me.. Mohammed Khomeini Bin Abu MikroTik Certified Engineer (MTCINE, MTCRE, MTCWE, MTCTCE, MTCUME) MikroTik Certified Trainer (TR0204) MikroTik Certified Academy Trainer (ACTR0062) Network Consultant 3
4 Introduction Content VLAN Implementation Conclusion 4
5 INTRODUCTION TO VLAN 5
6 Virtual LANs WHAT? (1) Most commonly used protocol for VLAN on an ethernet network is 802.1Q It insert 4 byte tag into a standard ethernet frame Working at Data Link Layer (OSI Layer 2) Maximum number of VLAN in one interface is
7 Virtual LANs WHAT? (2) Each VLANs is treated as separate subnet / broadcast domain. Devices on a VLAN are restricted to only communicating with devices that are on their own VLAN MikroTik also support Vlan over Vlan / 802.1QinQ / 802.1ad 7
8 Virtual LANs WHY? (1) Provide segmentation 8
9 Virtual LANs WHY? (2) Multiple LAN in a single physical interface Make the local network more simple Multiple broadcast domain in a single physical interface VLANs can increase security and management of different network in one single interface Priority 9
10 Virtual LANs - Parameter Edge ports: (Untagged, in Cisco: called Access Port) Switch port that configure as a part of the vlan This port not send 4 byte vlan tag. Used for device that not pass the VLAN, like computer, printer, server, etc. Core port: (Tagged, in Cisco: Trunk Port) Switch port configured to send 4 byte or more VLAN tag. Used for device that support VLAN technologies like switches, manageable switch, routers, etc. 10
11 11
12 Virtual LANs in MikroTik (1) In RouterOS, VLAN can be implemented in switch environment and in router environment simultaneously. Also possible to run VLAN in wireless or bridge interface It is not possible to have VLAN put on a wireless interface in a station mode FILO VLAN tagged is used for 802.1QinQ implementation 12
13 Virtual LANs in MikroTik (2) To create vlan in MikroTik, you should have the interface first (if you want to implement in bridge interface) VLAN ID = unique Interface for trunk / access 13
14 802.1Q Flow Chart in RouterOS Start 1 Accept 802.1Q? NO 2 Create access bridge YES Create trunk bridge Add port (interface) and vlan to access bridge Add port (interface) to trunk bridge NO Create DHCPserver? Create access port? NO Create DHCPserver? NO 2 YES YES Create vlan on trunk interface YES Create vlan on trunk interface Create IP address and DHCP setup at Vlan interface 1 Created By Mohammed Khomeini Abu 2 Finish 14
15 VIRTUAL LANS IMPLEMENTATION 15
16 How Virtual LANs implemented in : Small network (SOHO) Medium network (SME) Wireless network Tunneling 16
17 Virtual LANs SoHo (1) Have only single router and single/multi managed switch Create 2 VLAN in MikroTik router Vlan-100 = office Vlan-200= wifi 17
18 Virtual LANs SoHo (2) Public Interface 18
19 Virtual LANs SoHo (3) R1 Configuration IP Address, Subnet Mask, Default Gateway and masquerade is configured at ether1 To be able to forward tagged packet, we need to create trunk bridge > interface bridge add name=bridge-trunk protocol-mode=rstp Add port (interface) that you want to forward the VLAN in the trunk bridge (at least 1 port) [admin@r1] > interface bridge port add interface=ether5 bridge=bridge-trunk Add VLAN on trunk interface (bridge-trunk) [admin@r1] > interface vlan add name=vlan-100 interface=bridge-trunk vlan-id=100 [admin@r1] > interface vlan add name=vlan-200 interface=bridge-trunk vlan-id=200 19
![the trunk bridge (at least 1 port) [admin@r1] > interface bridge port add interface=ether5 bridge=bridge-trunk Add VLAN on trunk interface (bridge-trunk)](/docs-images/47/20885951/images/page_19.jpg "[admin@r1] > interface vlan add name=vlan-100 interface=bridge-trunk vlan-id=100 [admin@r1] > interface vlan add name=vlan-200 interface=bridge-trunk")
20 Virtual LANs SoHo (4) Create IP Address for VLAN > ip address add address= /24 interface=vlan-100 > ip address add address= /24 interface=vlan-200 Create DHCP setup for interface vlan-100 and vlan-200 with public DNS ( and ) Connect managed switch into interface=ether5 Configure managed switch as desired 20
21 QUIZ From 21
22 Virtual LANs SME (1) You have more than one router Create 3 VLAN in MikroTik router Vlan-100 = office Vlan-200 = wifi Vlan-230 = voip 22
23 Virtual LANs SME (2) Public Interface 23
24 Virtual LANs SME (3) R1 Configuration IP Address, Subnet Mask, Default Gateway and masquerade is configured at ether1 To be able to forward tagged packet, we need to create trunk bridge > interface bridge add name=bridge-trunk protocol-mode=rstp Add port (interface) that you want to forward the VLAN in the trunk bridge > interface bridge port add interface=ether2 bridge=bridge-trunk > interface bridge port add interface=ether5 bridge=bridge-trunk 24
25 Virtual LANs SME (4) Add VLAN on trunk interface (bridge-trunk) > interface vlan add name=vlan-100 interface=bridge-trunk vlan-id=100 > interface vlan add name=vlan-200 interface=bridge-trunk vlan-id=200 > interface vlan add name=vlan-230 interface=bridge-trunk vlan-id=230 To create access port, create access bridge interface first. > interface bridge add name=bridge-vlan-230 Then add access port interface and VLAN into the access bridge > interface bridge port add interface=ether4 bridge=bridge-vlan-230 > interface bridge port add interface=vlan-230 bridge=bridge-vlan
26 Virtual LANs SME (5) Create IP Address > ip address add address= /24 interface=vlan-100 > ip address add address= /24 interface=vlan-200 > ip address add address= /24 interface=vlan-230 Create DHCP setup for interface vlan-100, vlan-200, and vlan-230 with public dns ( and ) Connect managed switch into interface=ether2 Configure managed switch as desired 26
27 Virtual LANs SME (6) R2 Configuration Create bridge interface > interface bridge add name=bridge-trunk Add interface that we want to forward tagged (trunk) packet to bridge-trunk interface > interface bridge port add interface=ether2 bridge=bridge-trunk > interface bridge port add interface=ether5 bridge=bridge-trunk Connect managed switch into interface=ether2 Configure managed switch as desired 27
28 Virtual LANs Wireless (1) Public Interface 28
29 Virtual LANs Wireless (2) R1 Configuration IP Address, Subnet Mask, Default Gateway and masquerade is configured at ether1 To be able to forward tagged packet, we need to create trunk bridge > interface bridge add name=bridge-trunk protocol-mode=rstp Add port (interface) that you want to forward the VLAN in the trunk bridge (at least 1 port) [admin@r1] > interface bridge port add interface=ether5 bridge=bridge-trunk 29
30 Virtual LANs Wireless (3) Add VLAN on trunk interface (bridge-trunk) > interface vlan add name=vlan-100 interface=bridge-trunk vlan-id=100 > interface vlan add name=vlan-200 interface=bridge-trunk vlan-id=200 Create IP Address > ip address add address= /24 interface=vlan-100 > ip address add address= /24 interface=vlan-200 Create DHCP setup for interface vlan-100 and vlan-200 with public dns ( and ) 30
31 Virtual LANs Wireless (4) R2 and R3 Configuration Create bridge interface > interface bridge add name=bridge-trunk Add interface that we want to forward tagged (trunk) packet to bridge-trunk interface > interface bridge port add interface=ether1 bridge=bridge-trunk > interface bridge port add interface=wlan1 bridge=bridge-trunk Configure Wireless interface as ap-bridge (for R3, wireless interface is configured as mode=stationbridge) > interface wireless set wlan1 mode=ap-bridge disabled=no In R3, connect managed switch into interface=ether1 and configure managed switch as desired 31
32 Virtual LANs over PPTP (1) RouterOS supported bridge through Point to Point Tunnel Protocol (PPTP) using BCP (Bridge Control Protocol). BCP allows to bridge ethernet packet through PPP link To implement VLAN over PPTP tunnel, we should use BCP and MLPPP feature to forward packet between segment / subnet. 32
33 Virtual LANs PPTP (2) R1 will become dhcp-server for vlan-100 and vlan-200 R4 will forward untagged packet to ether5 for client Create PPTP Server (R1) and client (R4) 33
34 Virtual LANs over PPTP (3) Make sure there is a routing between R1 to R4 R1 Configuration IP Address, Subnet Mask, Default Gateway and masquerade is configured at ether2 Create bridge interface [admin@r1] > interface bridge add protocol-mode=rstp name=bridge-pptp Add port (interface) that you want to forward the VLAN in the trunk bridge (at least 1 port) [admin@r1] > interface bridge port add interface=ether5 bridge=bridge-pptp 34
35 Virtual LANs over PPTP (4) Add VLAN on trunk interface (bridge-pptp) > interface vlan add name=vlan-100 interface=bridge-pptp vlan-id=100 > interface vlan add name=vlan-200 interface=bridge-pptp vlan-id=200 Create IP Address > ip address add address= /24 interface=vlan-100 > ip address add address= /24 interface=vlan-200 Create DHCP setup for interface vlan-100 and vlan-200 with public DNS ( and ) 35
36 Virtual LANs over PPTP (5) Create PPTP-Server with BCP and MLPPP enabled > ppp profile add bridge=bridge1 name=pptp-bridge > interface pptp-server server set enabled=yes default-profile=pptp-bridge \ [admin@r1] > mrru=5000 [admin@r1] > ppp secret add name=pptp-user password=1234 profile=pptp-bridge \ [admin@r1] > local-address= remote-address= R4 Configuration Create bridge interface [admin@r4] > interface bridge add protocol-mode=rstp name=bridge-pptp Add interface that we want to forward tagged (trunk) packet to bridge-trunk interface [admin@r4] > interface bridge port add interface=ether5 bridge=bridge-pptp 36
37 Virtual LANs over PPTP (6) Create PPTP-Server with BCP and MLPPP enabled > ppp profile add bridge=bridge-pptp name=pptp-bridge > interface pptp-client add connect= user=pptp-user \ [admin@r4] > password=1234 profile=pptp-bridge mrru=5000 disabled=no [admin@r4] > Connect managed switch into interface=ether5 Configure managed switch as desired 37
38 CONCLUSION 38
39 Conclusion All VLAN should be put in bridge interface as it is easy to manipulate whether it is a trunk port or an access port. The disadvantage is we create more header on data link layer When you don t enable MLPPP in PPP tunnel, you still can use internet but slow, cause the packet has been fragmented. In wireless mode, should use other than mode=station Remember flow chart 39
40 References 1. wiki.mikrotik.com 2. Cisco CCNA modules 3. Vlan workshop, 4. id-networkers.com
41 Credit to Mr. Rofiq Fauzi Mr. Pujo Dewobroto Mr. Gatot Wibowo Hamiseno Mr. Herry Darmawan Mr. Mat Dawam Abas MikroTik Team 41
42 Mohammed Khomeini Bin Abu (whatsapp) 42
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