Native Plant Nursery. Ecological Restoration and Landscaping. Catalog

Transcription

1 Native Plant Nursery Ecological Restoration and Landscaping Catalog Ontario s native plants are beautiful, well adapted to our climate and they provide food and shelter for native species, all while maintaining Ontario s exceptional biodiversity

2 Grow Wild Native Plant Nursery Ecological Restoration and Landscaping 3784 Highway #7 Omemee, Ontario K0L 2W0 Paul Heydon Cell: Office:

3 Why Garden With Native Plants? There are many reasons for including native plants in your landscape. Native plants are specifically adapted to our climate and pests and once established require little to no care if they are planted in a suitable habitat. These plant species have relationships with other species that live in your area; many plants are larval hosts to butterflies and provide food and shelter for other important animals. Native plants make for a beautifully colorful and environmentally friendly garden that allows individuals to help maintain Ontario s exceptional biodiversity. Grow Wild collects all seed in an ecologically responsible manner. 3

4 Plant Index Common Name Latin Name Page # Adderstongue/Trout Lily Erythronium americanum 15 Alternate Leaf Dogwood Cornus alternifolia 39 American Beech Fagus grandifolia 40 American sycamore Platanus occidentalis 42 Balsam Fir/Canada Balsam Abies balsamea 37 Balsam Ragwort/Balsam Groundsel Senecio pauperculus 28 Barren strawberry Waldsteinia fragarioides 33 Basswood Genus talia 46 Big Bluestem/Turkey Foot Andropogon gerardii 34 Bitternut Hickory Carya cordiformis 38 Black cherry Prunus serotina 44 Black-eyed Susan Rudbeckia hirta 26 Black maple Acer nigrum 37 Black walnut Juglans nigra 41 Bladdernut Staphylea trifolia 46 Blue bead lily (yellow clintonia) Clintonia borealis 13 Blue flag iris Iris versicolour 18 Blue lupine Lupinus perennis 21 Blue vervain Verbena hastata 31 Blue-eyed grass Sisyrinchium montanum 28 Bog violet Viola conspersa 32 Bottle gentian Gentiana andrewsii 16 Bristly greenbriar Smilax hispida 29 Broad-leaved arrowhead Sagittaria latifolia 27 Broad-leaved cattail Typha latifolia 31 Broad-leaved sedge Carex platyphylla 35 Bunchberry Cornus canadensis 13 Bur oak Quercus macrocarpa 45 Butterfly milkweed Asclepias tuberosa 11 Butternut Juglans cinerea 40 Canada anemone Anemone canadensis 9 Canada bloodroot Sanguinaria canadensis 27 Canada mayflower Mianthemum canadense 21 Canada milkvetch Astragalus canadensis 11 Canada plum Prunus nigra 43 Canada violet Viola canadensis 32 Canada wild rye Elymus canadensis 35 Cardinal flower Lobelia cardinalis 20 Chinquapin oak Quercus muehlenbergii 44 Choke cherry Prunus virginiana 44 Clammy ground cherry Physalis heterophylla 24 Common blue violet Viola sororia 32 Common hoptree Ptelea trifoliata 44 Common juniper Juniperus communis 41 Common skullcap Scutellaria galericulata 28 Cup plant Silphium perfoliatum 28 Cylindric blazing star Liatris cylindracea 19 Dense blazingstar Liatris spicata 19 Dutchmen's breeches Dicentra cucularia 14 Dwarf birch Betula pumila 38 4

5 Common Name Latin Name Page # Early buttercup Ranunculus fascicularis 26 Early saxifrage Saxifraga virginiensis 27 Eastern cottonwood Populus deltoides ssp deltoides 43 Eastern hemlock Tsuga canadensis 47 Eastern red cedar Juniperus virginiana 41 Eastern white cedar Thuja occidentalis 46 Evening primrose Oenothera biennis 22 False pennyroyal Isanthus brachiatus 19 False Solomon's seal Smilacina racemos 29 Field thistle Cirsium discolor 12 Fireweed Epilobium angustifolium 15 Foxglove beardtongue Penstemon digitalis 23 Fringed gentian Gentianopsis crinita 17 Golden ragwort Packera aureus 22 Great blue lobelia Lobelia siphilitica 20 Great St. John's-wort Hypericum ascyron 18 Green ash Fraxinus pennsylvanica 40 Green-headed coneflower Rudbeckia laciniata 27 Groundnut Apios americana 10 Hackberry Celtis occidentalis 39 Hairy beardtongue Penstemon hirsutus 23 Hairy Solomon's-seal Polygonatum pubescens 24 Harebell Campanula rotundifolia 12 Heart-leaved aster Symphyotrichum cordifolium 29 Hoary vervain Verbena stricta 32 Indian hemp Apocynum cannibium 10 Indian paintbrush Castilleja coccinea 12 Jack in the pulpit Arisaema triphyllum 10 Lank-bank sedge Carex lacustris 34 Large flowered bellwort Uvularia grandiflora 31 Large flowered trillium Trillium grandiflorum 30 Large-tooth aspen Populus grandidentata 43 Little bluestem Schizachyrium scoparium 36 Long-leaved bluets Hedyotis longifolia 17 Lopseed Phrymia leptostachya 23 Mad-dog skullcap Scutellaria lateriflora 28 Marsh cinquefoil Potentilla palustris 25 Marsh marigold Caltha palustris 11 Marsh vetchling Lathyrus palustris 19 May-apple Podophyllum peltatum 25 Meadow sundrops Oenothera pilosella 22 Meadow-sweet Spiraea alba 46 Michigan lily Lilium michiganense 20 Mountain maple Acer spicatum 38 New England aster Symphyotrichum novae-angliae 30 New Jersey tea Ceoanthus americanus 39 Ninebark Physocarpus opulifolius 42 Obedient plant Physostegia virginiana 24 Oswago tea Monarda didyma 22 Pale corydalis Corydalis sempervirens 13 Pearly everlasting Anaphalis margaritacea 9 Philadelphia fleabane Erigeron philadelphicus 15 5

6 Common Name Latin Name Page # Pitcher plant Sarracenia purpurea 27 Plantain-leaved pussytoes Antennaria plantaginifolia 9 Plantain-leaved sedge Carex plantaginea 34 Pointed-leaved tick-trefoil Desmodium glutinosum 14 Pokeweed Phytolacca americana 24 Prairie buttercup Ranunculus rhomboideus 26 Prairie dropseed Sporobolus heterolepis 36 Prairie smoke Geum triflorum 17 Pussy willow Salix discolor 45 Quill sedge Carex tenera 35 Red maple Acer rubrum 37 Red oak Quercus rubra 45 Red-osier dogwood Cornus stolonifera 39 Red pine Pinus resinosa 42 Red trillium Trillium erectum 30 River bank wild rye Elymus riparius 35 Rock elm Ulmus thomasii 47 Rosey sedge Carex rosea 35 Rough woodland sunflower Helianthus divaricatus 18 Round-headed bush-clover Lespedeza capitata 19 Round-leaved sundew Drosera rotundifolia 14 Shagbark hickory Carya ovata 39 Sharp-lobed hepatica Anemone acutiloba 9 Showy tick-trefoil Desmodium canadense 13 Shrubby cinquefoil Potentilla fruticosa 43 Side oats gamma (gramma) Bouteloua curtipendula 34 Silver maple Acer saccharinum 37 Silverweed Potentilla anserina 25 Slender mountain mint Pycnanthemum tenuifolium 26 Slender-leaved vervain Verbena simplex 31 Smooth rose Rosa blanda 45 Sneezeweed Helenium autumnale 17 Spatulate-leaved sundew Drosera intermedia 14 Spicebush Lindera benzoin 41 Spike lobelia Lobelia spicata 20 Spotted jewelweed Impatiens capensis 18 Spotted joe pye weed Eupatorium maculatum 15 Spreading dogbane Apocynum androsaemifolium 10 Square-stemmed monkey flower Mimulus ringens 21 Squirrel-corn Dicentra canadensis 14 Sugar maple Acer saccharum 37 Swamp milkweed Asclepias incarnata 11 Swamp rose Rosa palustris 45 Sweet ox-eye Heliopsis helianthoides 18 Sweet white violet Viola blanda 32 Sweetflag Acorus americana 8 Switchgrass Panicum virgatum 36 Tall cinquefoil Potentilla arguta 25 Tall meadow-rue Thalictrum pubescens 30 Tall rattlesnake-root Prenanthes altissima 25 Tamarack Larix laricina 41 Thimbleweed Anemone cylindrica 9 6

7 Common Name Latin Name Page # Trembling aspen Populus tremuloides 43 Trout lily or adderstongue Erythronium americanum 15 Tuckahoe Peltandra virginica 23 Tufted loosestrife Lysimachia thrysiflora 21 Turtlehead Chelone glabra 12 Two-leaved toothwort Cardamine diphylla 12 Virginia ground cherry Physalis virginiana 24 Virginia mountain mint Pycnanthemum virginianum 26 Virgin's bower Clematis virginiana 13 White ash Fraxinus americana 40 White birch Betula papyrifera 38 White elm Ulmus americana 47 White heath aster Symphyotrichum ericoides 29 White oak Quercus alba 44 White pine Pinus strobus 42 White snakeroot Eupatorium rugosum 16 White spruce Picea glauca 42 White wood aster Eurybia divaricata 16 Wild bergamot Monarda fistulosa 22 Wild blue phlox Phlox divaricata 23 Wild chives Allium schoenoprasum var. sibiricum 8 Wild columbine Aquilegia canadensis 10 Wild garlic Allium canadense 8 Wild geranium Geranium maculatum 17 Wild ginger Asarum canadense 11 Wild leek Allium tricoccum 8 Wild strawberry Fragaria virginiana 16 Winterberry holly Ilex verticillata 40 Wood lily Lilium philadelphicum 20 Woodland strawberry Fragaria vesca 16 Woodland sunflower (rough) Helianthus divaricatus 18 Yarrow Achillea millefolia 8 Yellow birch Betula alleghaniensis 38 Yellow clintonia (blue bead lily) Clintonia borealis 13 Yellow pimpernel Taenidia integerrima 30 Yellowfruit horse gentian Triosteum angustifolium 31 Yellow loosestrife Lisimachia terrestris 21 Zig-zag goldenrod Solidago flexicaulis 29 7

8 Yarrow - Achillea millefolia Form: This plant grows between 30 and 90 cm tall. White flowers bloom from June to September. Requirements: Moist to dry soils in full sun to partial shade. Price: $2.50 each, $2.25 each over 100, $2.00 each over 1000 Sweetflag - Acorus americana Form: 30 cm to 1 metre tall. Fan-like foliage. However, contrary to the name, strands of the grass do not make suitable flags. Requirements: Full sun to partial shade. Moist to wet soil. Notes: Perennial and very fragrant. Price: $2.50 each, $2.25 each over 100, $2.00 each over Wild Garlic - Allium canadense Form: cm tall. Whitish-pink umbel of flowers. Blooms May to July. Requirements: Full sun to partial shade. Edible bulb that tastes like an onion. Price: $2.50 each, $2.25 each over 100, $2.00 each over Wild Chives - Allium schoenoprasum var. sibiricum Form: Up to 75cm tall, produces a rose or pink colored flower. Requirements: Full sun; well drained soil. Notes: Clump forming perennial which is usually found on alvars. Edible. Price: $2.50 each, $2.25 each over 100, $2 each over Wild Leek - Allium tricoccum Form: Umbel of white flowers that appear in June or July after the 2 or 3 basal leaves have withered cm in height. Requirements: Rich soil in deciduous shade. The bulb of the leek can be used in the same manner as one would use a cultivated leek. This species is slow growing. Price: $5.00 each mature plant. 8

9 Pearly everlasting Anaphalis margaritacea Form: White flowers that bloom from July - Sept. These woolly whitish plants reach heights of cm. Requirements: Dry, sun to partly shaded conditions. Dried flowers retain shape and are used in dried floral arrangements. Larval host to painted lady butterflies. Price: $2.50 each, $2.25 each over 100, $2 each over Sharp-lobed hepatica Anemone acutiloba Form: Flowering stems up to 15 cm tall. Solitary flower white, purple, pink or blue. Blooms from April to May. Requirements: Part sun; well drained, rich soil. Also known as Sharp-lobed liverleaf. Price: $5.00/ mature plant Canada anemone Anemone canadensis Form: Canada anemone grows to heights of cm. The white flower of this species blooms from June to July. Requirements: This species grows in dry to moist soil in full sun to partial shade. Thimbleweed Anemone cylindrica Form: Thimbleweed has white flowers that bloom in June and July, this plant grows to heights of cm. Requirements: Thimbleweed requires dry to average soil moisture in full sun to partial shade. Plantain-leaved pussytoes Antennaria plantaginifolia Form: This pussytoe is cm tall. The plant has white flowers and blooms between April and June. Requirements: Average to dry soil in full sun to partial shade. The flowers are said to resemble cat paws, the origin of the common name. Price: $2.50 each, $2.25 each over 100, $2 each over

10 Groundnut Apios americana Form: Vine with a twining stem. Produces fragrant clusters of purplish flowers. Blooms from July to September. Requirements: Part sun, moist rich soil. Often found in savannas and moist rich forests. Price: $5 mature plant. Spreading dogbane - Apocynum androsaemifolium Form: A bushy plant with small, fragrant, pink bell-shaped flowers that bloom between June and July cm tall. Requirements: Prefers part shade but is adaptable. Indian hemp - Apocynum cannibium Form: Up to 1.5m tall, this plant produces small elliptical leaves and clusters of inconspicuous greenish pink flowers. Requirements: Full sun. Stem fibers used to create bags and baskets and milky juice in plant has a variety of medicinal purposes. Wild columbine - Aquilegia canadensis Form: Wild columbine grows to heights of cm, and has red (with yellow) flowers that bloom from May to July. Requirements: Variable; full sun to shade, dry to moist soil. Attracts hummingbirds. Jack-in-the-pulpit - Arisaema triphyllum Form: Jacks grow to heights of cm, each plant produces many small flowers (in the spring) located within the well-known pulpit. Requirements: Moist shade This species has both male and female plants. The berries provide food for wild turkey and wood thrushes. Price: $5.00 mature plant and $2.25/ 7-10 cm pot (2nd year) 10

11 Wild ginger - Asarum canadense Form: Ginger grows to low heights of up to 10 cm, the inconspicuous maroon flowers bloom in spring. Ginger spreads well by rhizomes. Requirements: This species requires shady, mesic (medium soil moisture) conditions. Price: $5.00/ mature plant Swamp milkweed - Asclepias incarnata Form: cm tall. The pink-purple flowers bloom from July to September. Requirements: Full sun to partial shade. Average to moist conditions. The bright flowers attract many butterflies. This is a member of the family Asclepiadaceae which are larval hosts to Monarch and Queen butterflies. Butterfly milkweed - Asclepias tuberosa Form: A generally low growing plant, butterfly milkweed is between cm tall. The bright orange flower clusters bloom from June to September. Requirements: Requires sites with dry soil and full sun. The bright flowers attract many butterflies. Larval host to Monarch and Queen butterflies. Canada milkvetch - Astragalus canadensis Form: Up to 125 cm tall. Produces small cream coloured flowers in clusters during the summer. Requirements: Full sun; dry soil conditions. Marsh marigold - Caltha palustris Form: Up to 60 cm tall, this wetland plant is one of the first to bloom in the Spring. Produces large bright yellow flowers from April to June. Requirements: Full to part shade and water. Muchos, muchos water. Found in wet swamps, edges of streams, and marshes. Price: $5 mature plant. 11

12 Harebell Campanula - rotundifolia Form: The purple, bell-shaped flowers bloom from June through Sept. This plant grows to heights of cm. Requirements: Full sun in moist to dry soils and low competition. Nice garden plant because it blooms for most of the summer. Two-leaved toothwort - Cardamine diphylla Form: Up to 50 cm tall. Cluster of white or pale purple flowers at top. Blooms May to June. Requirements: Moist rich soils in deciduous shade. Also known as Broad-leaved toothwort. Indian paintbrush - Castilleja coccinea Form: Clusters of spectacular, showy orange to red bracts appearing from May to July. Grows to heights of cm. Requirements: Full sun to partial shade in average to moist soils. Notes: Annual or biennial that is parasitic on the roots of other plants. Turtlehead - Chelone glabra Form: White, tubular flowers bloom in Aug. - Sept. Can be between 30 and 90 cm tall. Requirements: Moist, sunny or partly shaded conditions Does well in garden situations. Field thistle - Cirsium discolor Form: Up to over 2m tall, this plant has spiny teeth from top to bottom, and produces a purple flower at its apex. Requirements: Full sun; can handle a wide range of soil conditions. Notes: Monocarpic. Blooms from July to September. 12

13 Virgin's bower - Clematis virginiana Form: A slender, climbing, woody vine (2-6 metres long) with clusters of white flowers that bloom from July to Sept. Requirements: Prefers moist soil in sun or part shade. The seeds conspicuously remain on the plant through the winter. Blue bead lily (yellow clintonia) - Clintonia borealis Form: With 2-4 large green leaves at ground level, this lily hasa flowering stem up to 40 cm. Produces 3-8 greenish-yellow nodding flowers for May and June. Requirements: Full shade, lots of water. Fruit blue berries in clusters of 3-8. Price: $5 mature plant. Bunchberry - Cornus canadensis Form: A small shrub that reaches heights of cm. Four conspicuous white bracts surround the centre cluster of small greenish flowers. Requirements: Full sun to partial shade in acidic moist soil. Price: $5.00 mature plant Corydalis Pale corydalis - Corydalis sempervirens Form: cm tall. Pink and yellow flowers. Blooms between May and September. Requirements: Full sun to part shade. Average to dry soil. Notes: Biennial Showy tick-trefoil - Desmodium canadense Form: cm tall. Bushy plant with pink flowers that bloom in July and August. Requirements: Sun to partial shade in moist to dry soils. Improves soil nitrogen. 13

14 Pointed-leaved tick-trefoil - Desmodium glutinosum Form: cm tall. Pink flowers on slender stalk. Blooms from July to August. Requirements: Average to moist soil, partial shade. Improves soil nitrogen. Squirrel-corn - Dicentra canadensis Form: Up to 30 cm tall, this plant produces greenish-white heart-shaped hanging flowers. Blooms from May to July. Requirements: Part to full shade; rich soil. Spring ephemeral. Price: $5.00 mature plant Dutchmen's breeches - Dicentra cucularia Form: Very similar to Squirrel-corn, this plant produces a small white hanging flower in the shape of an arrow head. Requirements: Prefers moist rich soil with little direct sunlight. Spring ephemeral. Notes: Perennial, prefers little competition Price: $5.00 mature plant Spatulate-leaved sundew - Drosera intermedia Form: This is a small low-growing plant with leaves arising from a small stem. The white flowers arise in cm spikes from June to August. Requirements: Wet to moist soil with low competition. Grows well in 50% sand 50% peat. Bog plant. This genus is carnivorous. Leaves secrete sticky mucilage and enzymes to capture and digest insects and other small creatures. Round-leaved sundew - Drosera rotundifolia Form: This sundew has rosette leaves with a white flower spike that reaches up to 25 cm in July and August. Requirements: Wet to moist soils with low competition. Grows well in 50% sand 50% peat. Bog plant. This genus is carnivorous. Leaves secrete sticky mucilage and enzymes to capture and digest insects and other small creatures. 14

15 Fireweed - Epilobium angustifolium Form: Fireweed grows to heights of cm tall. Terminal spike of pink flowers, which bloom between June and August. Requirements: Moist to dry soils in full sun to partial shade. Philadelphia fleabane - Erigeron philadelphicus Form: Up to 70 cm tall, this plant produces whitish-pink flowers with yellow heads. Up to 30 flowers in a cluster. Bloom April to August. Requirements: Full sun, moist conditions. Often found in recently disturbed areas. Trout lily or adderstongue - Erythronium americanum Form: Trout lilies are small ephemeral plants that reach heights of cm. The nodding flower is yellow and lily-like and blooms in May. Requirements: Trout lilies require shady conditions with dry to moist soil. Price: $5.00 mature plant Running strawberry - Euonymus obovata Form: Obviate leaves with very short stems, Produces a small inconspicuous yellow-greenish flower. Requirements: Deciduous forests, average soil conditions. Notes: Usually found in wooded areas Price: $5.00 mature plant Spotted Joe-pye-weed - Eupatorium maculatum Form: Sixty cm tall. Pink-purple flowers in flat-topped clusters. Blooms from July to September. Requirements: Moist soil in full sun to part shade. 15

16 White snakeroot - Eupatorium rugosum Form: White snakeroot reaches heights of cm. White flowers in flattopped clusters, which bloom between July and October. Requirements: Dappled sun to shade in moist to average soils. Toxic to cows. White wood aster - Eurybia divaricata Form: Up to 1 m tall, this aster produces white flowers with yellowish-red to purple centers. Blooms from August to October. Requirements: Part sun; dry well drained soil. Formally Aster divaricatus. Woodland strawberry - Fragaria vesca Form: A small plant with a height of cm tall. Spreads by runners. The white flowers open in May to June, and the berries ripen in July. Requirements: This species will grow in moist to dry sites with at least partial shade. Fruit are edible. Tea from leaves is high in vitamin C. Wild strawberry - Fragaria virginiana Form: Strawberries grow to cm tall. They spread and form colonies by runners. The white flowers bloom in spring, and the fruit ripen in July. Requirements: Prefers sunny sites, other than that they will grow anywhere. Very edible smallish berries. Tea from leaves is high in vitamin C. Bottle gentian - Gentiana andrewsii Form: Bottle gentian is cm in height. The dark blue, clustered flowers bloom from August to September. Requirements: Bottle gentian requires moist sites in a sunny to partially shaded area. This plant is easy to grow in a moist wildflower garden. 16

17 Fringed gentian - Gentianopsis crinita Form: Fringed gentian are cm in height and have a dark blue fringed flower that blooms from late August to November. Requirements: Fringed gentian prefers moist to wet sites with full sun to partial shade. Prefers neutral to basic ph, especially limestone sites. Notes: Biennial. Wild geranium - Geranium maculatum Form: Up to 70 cm tall. Produces pinkish-purple terminal clusters of terminal flowers. Blooms from April to June. Requirements: Full to part sun; well drained soil. Also known as Spotted cranesbill. Found in meadows and forests. Prairie smoke - Geum triflorum Form: Prairie smoke grows to heights of cm. They have pink blooms between May and July and the fruit resembles smoke. Requirements: Prairie smoke grows well in full sun to partial shade in moist to dry soil. Common habitat is alvars and prairies. Long-leaved bluets - Hedyotis longifolia Form: A small clumping plant with white flowers (10-20 cm tall). Blooms from June to September. Requirements: Full sun. Sneezeweed - Helenium autumnale Form: Yellow flowers bloom in autumn (Aug - Oct). This plant reaches heights of cm. Requirements: Moist soil conditions, with part to full sun. Notes: The name sneezeweed comes from the past use of the dried plant to make sneeze inducing snuff, used to 'rid the body of evil sprits'. 17

18 Woodland sunflower (Rough) - Helianthus divaricatus Form: Up to 1.5 m tall. Yellow flowers up to 6 cm across, form in clusters from July to September. Requirements: Full sun, well drained soil. Sweet ox-eye - Heliopsis helianthoides Form: This plant grows to heights of cm. The yellow flowers bloom from July to September. Requirements: This is a very hardy species, which prospers in moist to dry soils in full sun to partial shade. Very easy to grow and is good forage for birds. Great St. John's wort - Hypericum ascyron Form: This plant grows to heights of cm with large yellow flowers Requirements: Full sun in moist to dry soils. Notes: ph of 5.5 to 7. Spotted jewelweed - Impatiens capensis Form: Up to 1.5 m tall. Blooms a yellowish-orange flower. June to September. Requirements: Part sun; moist to wet rich soils. Notes: Annual. AKA Spotted touch-me-not. Seed pods explode on contact. Blue flag iris - Iris versicolour Form: Attains heights of cm tall. Large violet-blue flowers. Blooms between July and September. Requirements: Moist to wet conditions. Full to part sun. Very showy species. 18

19 False pennyroyal - Isanthus brachiatus Form: cm tall. Small purple flowers. Blooms between July and September. Requirements: Full sun to part shade. Dry soils. Notes: Annual. The foliage is strongly scented. Most commonly found on alvars. Marsh vetchling - Lathyrus palustris Form: Up to 1 m tall. Herbaceous pea vine with purple and pink flowers, blooming from June to August. Requirements: Moist soil in full sun to part shade. Fixes nitrogen. Also known as marsh pea. Round-headed bush-clover - Lespedeza capitata Form: Grows between cm tall. Off-white flowers are in clusters in upper leaf axils. Blooms in August and September. Requirements: Dry to average soil, in full sun to part shade. Improves soil through nitrogen fixation. Cylindric blazing star - Liatris cylindracea Form: Grows between cm tall. L. cylindracea has purple flowers that bloom between July and September. Requirements: Prefers dry to average moisture regime in full sun to partial shade, likes akaline soils. Typically found on alvars and prairies. Dense blazingstar - Liatris spicata Form: cm tall. Flowers from June to early fall in white or purplish-pink blooms. Requirements: Full sun, well drained, rich, slightly sandy soil. Notes: Attracts butterflies. Will not bloom until second year from seed. 19

20 Michigan lily - Lilium michiganense Form: Michigan lilies can attain heights of m. The nodding orange flowers bloom in June and July. Requirements: Prefers moist soils and full to part sun. Attracts hummingbirds. Price: $5.00 mature plant. Wood Lily - Lilium philadelphicum Form: cm tall. Flower is orange-red and blooms from June to August. Requirements: Part sun; well drained soil. Notes: Usually found on rock barrens, alvars, and dry open woods. Price: $5.00 mature plant. Cardinal flower - Lobelia cardinalis Form: Cardinal flower grows to heights of cm. The red flower spike stays in bloom from July to September. Requirements: Cardinal flower requires moist to wet sites, which cannot be allowed to dry out. They need sun to partial shade. Notes: Very attractive to hummingbirds. Great blue lobelia - Lobelia siphilitica Form: Blue lobelia is normally between cm tall. The blue flower spike blooms in August and September. Requirements: This species requires moist to wet sites in sun to shade. This species is a very desirable garden species. Spike lobelia - Lobelia spicata Form: Up to 120cm tall, produces small flowers in a tight cluster on a spike at the apex of the plant. Requirements: Average well-drained soil, full sun. Notes: Flowers from June to August. 20

21 Blue lupine - Lupinus perennis Form: cm tall. Blue-purple pea-like flowers on a tall spike. Requirements: Average to dry well drained soil. Full sun to part shade. Notes: Short-lived perennial. Improves soil through nitrogen fixation. Larval host for the Karner blue butterfly. Yellow loosestrife - Lysimachia terrestris Form: Up to 60 cm tall, this plant produces an erect terminal raceme of small yellow flowers. Blooms from June to August. Requirements: Full sun; moist rich soil. Also known as Swamp candles. Tufted loosestrife - Lysimachia thrysiflora Form: Up to 60 cm tall, this plant produces globe-shaped clusters of small yellow flowers. June and August. Requirements: Part sun, moist to wet soil. Often found in swamps and marshes. Canada mayflower - Mianthemum canadense Form: Canada mayflower is a small plant, reaching heights of 5-25 cm. The white flower spike blooms in the springtime. Requirements: This species is very versatile in soil and moisture requirements, however it is most commonly found in shady conditions. Price: $5.00 mature plant Square-stemmed monkey flower - Mimulus ringens Form: This species is between cm at maturity. The blue-purple flowers open from June to September. Requirements: Moist to wet soils in full to partial sun. 21

22 Oswago tea - Monarda didyma Form: Perennial up to 150cm high, leaves up to 15cm long, produces reddish flowers up to 5cm across. Requirements: Moist rich soils in part to full shade. Attracts hummingbirds. Wild bergamot - Monarda fistulosa Form: Bergamot can be cm tall. The lavender-purple-pink flowers bloom between June and September. Requirements: Dry, neutral - basic soil ph, especially on limestone, full sun to partial shade. This species is commonly cultivated, and the foliage has been used to make mint tea. Evening primrose - Oenothera biennis Form: Evening primrose grows to heights of m. The yellow, lemon scented flowers (found on a raceme) bloom from June to September. Requirements: Dry to moist soil with full sun to partial shade. Notes: Biennial. The flowers open in the evening and close by noon, hence the name. Meadow sundrops - Oenothera pilosella From: Meadow sundrops grows to heights of cm. The large yellow flowers bloom from June to August. Requirements: In nature, this species grows in moist soils, however in the garden it is tolerant of average conditions. Rare in Ontario Golden ragwort - Packera aureus Form: Up to 60cm tall, produces a yellowish daisy-like flower. Requirements: Very hardy plant. Full sun to light shade, manageable in dry conditions, weedy in wet conditions. 22

23 Tuckahoe - Peltandra virginica Form: Large arrow shaped leaves as well as a flower that is a leaf curled around a finger sized yellow spadix. Requirements: Extremely moist soil, preferably submersed in 2-4 cm of water. Notes: Aquatic perennial prefers shallow ponds, bogs, marshes, ditches and slow moving rivers. Rare in Ontario. Price: $5.00 mature plant Foxglove beardtongue - Penstemon digitalis Form: Attains heights of cm. The flowers are white and bloom in late spring and early summer. Requirements: Foxglove beardtongue requires full sun to partial shade, in well drained soils. Hairy beardtongue - Penstemon hirsutus Form: Attains heights of cm. The lavender flowers bloom in June and July. Requirements: This plant thrives in dry soil, or coarse rock in full sun to partial shade. Often found on alvars. Notes: Perennial Wild blue phlox - Phlox divaricata Form: Up to 50 cm tall. Pale blue flowers bloom from April to June. Requirements: Part sun; rich soil. Notes: Often found in dense woods. Also known as Wild sweet William. Price: $5.00 mature plant Lopseed - Phrymia leptostachya Form: cm tall, small white to pink-lavender flowers on an erect spike, blooms between July and September. Requirements: Moist soil in shade. Price: $5.00 mature plant 23

24 Pokeweed - Phytolacca americana Form: Up to 3 m tall with many leaves cm long. Whitish pink flowers cluster at top. Flowers July to September. Requirements: Full sun. Fruit clusters of dark purple berries. Clammy ground cherry - Physalis heterophylla Form: 5-50 cm tall. Spreads along the ground. Produces small yellowish flowers (May to June), and later edible fruit (July to September). Requirements: Full to partial sun; well drained, sandy soil. Virginia ground cherry - Physalis virginiana Form: cm tall. Spreads along the ground. Produces small greenishwhite flower, and later red berries from July to Sept. Requirements: Part sun; moist, sandy soil. Obedient plant - Physostegia virginiana Form: cm tall, tubular pink flowers, blooms July and September. Requirements: Obedient plants prefer full sun to partial shade in wet to average soil. Flowers can be moved and will stay for some time in the new position, hence the name obedient plant. Hairy solomon's-seal - Polygonatum pubescens Form: Up to 90 cm tall. Greenish yellow flower clusters hang from stem. Produce a blue or black berry. Flower from May to June. Requirements: Part sun; well-drained soil. Found in rich forests. Price: $5.00 mature plant 24

25 May-apple - Podophyllum peltatum Form: Up to 45 cm tall. Produces solitary white flower as well as one large yellow berry. Flowers May to June. Requirements: Rich soil, mostly shade. Often found in large colonies in the wild. Price: $5.00 mature plant Silverweed - Potentilla anserina Form: Up to 30 cm tall. Produces solitary yellow flower on short stalks. Requirements: Full sun; moist sandy soil. Found on sandy shorelines of big rivers, lakes and seas. Tall cinquefoil - Potentilla arguta Form: Thirty - 90 cm tall. Creamy flowers which bloom between June and August. Requirements: Sun to part shade. Dry to Average soil. Marsh cinquefoil - Potentilla palustris Form: Marsh cinquefoil grows to be cm tall. The reddish flowers bloom from June to August Requirements: This species grows on moist soils in full to part sun. Tall rattlesnake-root - Prenanthes altissima Form: Up to 190cm tall, this wild flower produces mid-large fan leaves and clusters of hanging flowers at the apex of the plant. Requirements: Moist to slightly dry loamy soil; light shade to dappled sun. Notes: Blooms in late summer. 25

26 Slender mountain mint - Pycnanthemum tenuifolium Form: cm tall. White flowers that bloom in July and August. Requirements: Full sun; well drained soil. Notes: Perennial Virginia mountain mint - Pycnanthemum virginianum Form: Attains heights of cm. White flowers in clusters that bloom between July and September. Requirements: Average to dry soil. Sun to part shade. Minty fragrance. Tea from leaves. Early buttercup - Ranunculus fascicularis From: Early buttercup is a small rosette plant with yellow flowers, which bloom between May and June. Requirements: Full sun to partial shade in average to dry soil. Good for rock gardens. These plants often go dormant midsummer when draughty. Prairie buttercup - Ranunculus rhomboideus Form: Prairie buttercup is cm tall. The yellow flowers bloom from April to May. Requirements: Full to part sun. Average to dry conditions Black-eyed Susan - Rudbeckia hirta Form: Black-eyed susan is between cm. The yellow daisy like flowers bloom from June to October. Requirements: Sun to part shade. Notes: Biennial, annual or perennial in favorable conditions. Price: $2.25/each, $2/each orders over 100, $1.80/each orders over

27 Green-headed coneflower - Rudbeckia laciniata Form: This plant grows to heights of cm. The flowers have yellow petals and green discs which bloom between July and August. Requirements: This species requires full sun to partial shade with moist to average soil. Notes: Perennial Broad-leaved arrowhead - Sagittaria latifolia Form: Attains heights of cm above water. White flowers that bloom between July and September. Requirements: Wet sites, shallow water or very wet soil. Edible tubers. Price: $5.00 mature plant Canada bloodroot - Sanguinaria canadensis Form: 5-15 cm tall. The singular white flower blooms in early spring (May). This plant spreads by underground rhizomes. Requirements: Fresh to moist soils in partial shade to shade. Native Americans have traditionally used the sap as a dye. Price: $5.00 mature plant Pitcher plant - Sarracenia purpurea Form: A basal rosette of tube-shaped leaves. The large, deep red to purple flower blooms in June. Requirements: Pitcher plants require moist soils, as found in bogs and fens. Notes: This species is carnivorous, small creatures are captured and digested in the water-filled pitchers. Price: $5.00 mature plant Early saxifrage - Saxifraga virginiensis Form: Early saxifrage is a small rosette plant, with a spike of white flowers in May. Requirements: Average moisture with full sun to partial shade. This species may become dormant mid-summer due to drought. Commonly found on alvars and rock barrens. 27

28 Common skullcap - Scutellaria galericulata Form: Up to 1 m tall and about 0.65 m wide. Produce small purplish flowers. Blooms July to August. Requirements: Part shade; rich moist soil. Also known as Marsh skullcap, Mad-dog weed. Mad-dog skullcap - Scutellaria lateriflora Form: Up to 90cm tall, this plant produces clusters of small blue flowers. Requirements: Prefers moist well-drained soil, full to part sun. Notes: Flowers from June to September, Also known as Blue skullcap. Balsam ragwort - Senecio pauperculus Form: Up to 50 cm tall. Clusters of yellow flowers on long stems. Flowers from May to July. Requirements: Moist to dry soil. Grows best in calcareous areas. Also known as Balsam groundsel. Cup plant - Silphium perfoliatum Form: Up to 25 cm tall. Large, yellow daisy-like flowers that bloom between July and Oct. Requirements: Full sun; prefers moist soils. Notes: Found mostly on tall grass prairies. Blue-eyed grass - Sisyrinchium montanum Form: cm tall. The blue flowers bloom from May to July. Requirements: Sun to part shade. Notes: Perennial 28

29 False Solomon's seal - Smilacina racemosa Form: This plant grows to heights of cm. The spray of flowers blooms in late May and June. Requirements: Requires fresh to moist soil, in partial sun to shade. Price: $5.00 mature plant Bristly greenbriar - Smilax hispida Form: This woody plant grows to one metre high. The curved stem contains numerous bristles. Requirements: Full sun to partial shade in moist soils. Notes: Perennial Price: $5 mature plant Zig-zag goldenrod - Solidago flexicaulis Form: Up to 90 cm tall. Small clusters of yellow flowers along stem. Blooms from September to October. Requirements: Full to part shade; well-drained soils. Heart-leaved aster - Symphyotrichum cordifolium Form: cm tall. Small bluish-white flowers in dense clusters. Blooms in late summer to early fall. Requirements: Full sun, little competition. White heath aster - Symphyotrichum ericoides Form: Grows to heights of cm and blooms from July to October. Requirements: Hardy and easy to grow. Grows well in moist to dry soil in full sun to partial shade. 29

30 New England aster - Symphyotrichum novae-angliae Form: This aster grows to heights of cm. The deep purple flowers bloom from August to October. Requirements: New England aster grows best in moist soil in full sun. Yellow pimpernel - Taenidia integerrima Form: Forty to 80 cm tall, this plant produces clusters of small yellow flowers. Spreads by runners. Requirements: Full sun; dry soil. Prefers little competition. Often found in recently disturbed areas. Long lived. Tall meadow-rue - Thalictrum pubescens Form: Attains heights of m. Plants produce clusters of white flowers between June and August and are dioecious (male and female plants). Requirements: Full sun to partial shade in moist to wet soils. Red trillium - Trillium erectum Form: Up to 40 cm tall. Produces a solitary red or purple flower. Pungent. Blooms April to June. Requirements: Full shade; well drained soil. Also known as Purple trillium, Wake-robin. Price: $5.00/ mature plant Large flowered trillium - Trillium grandiflorum Form: Trilliums grow to heights of cm. They have a singular white flower, which blooms in the spring. Requirements: The large flowered trillium prefers moist soil in deciduous or mixed woods. Full shade. The large flowered trillium is the provincial flower of Ontario. Price: $5.00/ mature plant 30

31 Yellowfruit horse gentian - Triosteum angustifolium Form: Up to 60 cm tall. Produces small yellow flowers in April and May. Requirements: Part shade, well drained soil. Also produces a orange-red berry. Also known as Wild coffee flower. Price: $5 mature plant Broad-leaved cattail - Typha latifolia Form: Up to 2.7 m tall, this marsh plant produces a yellowish green cattail that turns brown. Blooms from June to July. Requirements: Full sun; wet to moist rich soil. Often found in marshes and ditches. Commonly mistaken for a bulrush. Aggressive! Large flowered bellwort - Uvularia grandifolia Form: This bellwort grows to heights of cm at the time of flowering. When flowering has finished they can reach heights of up to 1 meter. The nodding, yellow, lily-like flower blooms in the spring. Requirements: Bellwort thrives in dry to moist soil with ample shade. Price: $5.00/ mature plant Blue vervain - Verbena hastata Form: Sixty cm tall. The blue-purple flowers bloom between July and September Requirements: Moist soil in full sun to part shade. Slender-leaved vervain - Verbena simplex Form: Thirty - 60 cm tall. The pale purple flowers bloom from June to September Requirements: Full sun to part shade. 31

32 Hoary vervain - Verbena stricta Form: Thirty cm tall. The blue-purple flowers are showier than blue vervain. Blooms between June and September. Requirements: Average to dry soil. Full sun to part shade. Sweet white violet - Viola blanda Form: Up to 13cm high, produces white flowers 5cm across. Requirements: Rich soil, part to full shade. Notes: Flowers from April to May. Canada violet - Viola canadensis Form: A taller violet, up to 40cm tall in perfect conditions, produces a 2.5cm flower with 5 petals that are white on front and purple on the back. Requirements: Average soil partial shade. Notes: Flowers from April to June AKA Canadian white violet. Price: $5 mature plant Bog Violet - Viola conspersa Form: About 13cm tall, produces small pale purple flower 2cm across. Produces small white hairs on two side petals. Requirements: Moist rich soil, full to part sun. Notes: Flowers from May to July, AKA Dog violet. Common blue violet - Viola sororia Form: A low growing ( cm tall) clump forming species. The purple-blue flowers are in bloom between March and June. Requirements: Partial shade to shade. 32

33 Barren strawberry - Waldsteinia fragarioides Form: Up to 20 cm tall. Produces clusters of 2-8 yellow flowers, as well as fruit. Flowers from May to June. Requirements: Dry, well drained soil. Hardy. Found in dry forests. Price: $5 mature plant 33

34 Grasses and Sedges Big bluestem or Turkey foot - Andropogon gerardii Form: This bunchgrass can be very large when grown in good conditions, reaching maximum heights of 3.5 m. The seed head resembles a turkey foot. Requirements: Moist soil is preferred but this species will survive in dry conditions. Requires full sun to partial shade. Side oats gamma (gramma) - Bouteloua curtipendula Form: cm tall. Unique column of flowers will bring life to any garden. Sod-forming at slow rate. Requirements: Full sun; drought tolerant. Notes: Found mostly in mixed grass prairies. Lank-bank sedge - Carex lacustris Form: Heights usually between 50cm and 150cm. Requirements: Full sun; moist well drained rich soils. AKA Hairy sedge. Longstalk sedge - Carex pedunculata Form: Up to 30cm tall. Requirements: Full sun; well drained rich soils. Plantain-leaved sedge - Carex plantaginea Form: Up to 35cm tall, has broad leaves. Requirements: Full sun; well drained rich soils. Blooms mid-spring. 34

35 Grasses and Sedges Broad-leaved sedge - Carex platyphylla Form: Up to 40cm tall. Requirements: Full sun; well drained rich soils. Rosey sedge - Carex rosea Form: Up to 35cm tall. Flowering from April to June. Requirements: Full sun; well drained rich soils. Quill sedge - Carex tenera Form: Up to 80cm tall, produces a greenish flower. Requirements: Well drained soil, full to part sun, low to medium ph. Blooms for mid-spring. Canada wild rye - Elymus canadensis Form: 1-2 m tall. Flowers from July to Sept. Requirements: Full sun; well drained soil. Notes: Also called nodding wild-rye River bank wild rye - Elymus riparius Form: Up to 15 cm tall. Prairie grass. Requirements: Full to part sun; well-drained, average soil. 35

36 Grasses and Sedges Switchgrass - Panicum virgatum Form: Up to 2 m tall. Red flowers bloom from June to August. Requirements: Full sun. Spreads by rhizomes Little bluestem - Schizachyrium scoparium Form: This grass grows to heights of cm. Flowering time is from August to October. Requirements: Dry sites with full sun to partial shade. This species has an attractive orange-tan fall coloration, which lasts through the winter. Prairie dropseed - Sporobolus heterolepis Form: Up to 1 m tall, this grass forms in rounded clumps. Produces a shiny yellowish seed. Requirements: Full sun; calcareous soil. Notes: Often found on alvars. 36

37 Trees and Shrubs Balsam Fir (Canada balsam) - Abies balsamea Form: Up to 25 m tall. Young bark is smooth with raised resin blisters, growing into irregular scales with age. Requirements: Full sun. Notes: Lives up to 150 years. Popular as Christmas trees. Black maple - Acer nigrum Form: Up to 35 m tall, with bark often with scally dark gray irregular ridges. Verticle ridges begin to show in young bark. Requirements: Full sun; moist rich soil. Notes: Lives up to and beyond 200 years. AKA Black sugar maple. Red maple - Acer rubrum Form: Up to 35m tall, this maple has the smallest winged seedpod of all maples. Requirements: Can thrive in a variety of soil conditions. Notes: One of the earliest flowering trees in the spring. Silver maple - Acer saccharinum Form: Up to 35 m tall. Bark is smooth gray when young, becoming dark reddish-brown thin scales. Shaggy appearance. Requirements: Full sun; rich, moist soils near water. Notes: Lives to 130 yrs. Fast growing. Sugar maple - Acer saccharum Form: Up to 35 m tall. Bark is smooth gray when young, becoming long, firm, vertical dark gray ridges. Requirements: Part to full sun; deep, fertile, moist, well-drained soil with some lime content. Notes: Canada's national tree. 37

38 Mountain maple - Acer spicatum Trees and Shrubs Form: A tall shrub, this spreader is up to 8m tall. Requirements: Full sun; well drained moist soil. Notes: Often found in newly disturbed soil. Also known as White maple. Yellow birch - Betula alleghaniensis Form: Up to 25 m tall. Bark is thin, reddish-brown when young. When mature, the bark gradually darkens to a bronze. Requirements: Full sun to part shade; moist, rich soil. Notes: Lives 150 yrs. Bark has a variety of uses. Dwarf birch - Betula pumila Form: Small tree up to 3 m tall. Bark does not peel or shred. Requirements: Full sun; moist rich well drained soil. Notes: Often found in low-lying wetlands. AKA Water-ash, Stinking-ash. Price: $10/each, $6/each orders over 100 plants White birch - Betula papyrifera Form: Up to 25 m tall. Bark is thin, smooth and almost black on young stems, white, falling in sheets on mature plants. Requirements: Full sun. Notes: Lives up to 120 yrs. Bark has a variety of uses. Bitternut hickory - Carya cordiformis Form: Up to 25 m tall. Greenish-gray with irregular vertical lines when young, spreading into shallow narrow fissures. Never scaly or loose-plated. Requirements: Full sun to part shade. Notes: Lives to 150 yrs. Price $10/each, $6/each orders over 100 plants. 38

39 Shagbark hickory - Carya ovata Trees and Shrubs Form: Up to 25 m tall. Bark is dark gray which, with age, separates from the trunk into plates giving it a shaggy look. Requirements: Full sun. Notes: Lives for 200+ yrs. Important source of food for many woodland creatures. Hackberry - Celtis occidentalis Form: Up to 15 m tall. Bark is a light yellowish-brown when young developing irregular narrow ridges with age. Requirements: Full to part sun; grow on a variety of soils. Notes: Part of the elm family. Price: $5.00/ 4 L pot New Jersey tea - Ceanothus americanus Form: Up to 1m tall, produces tiny whitish flowers from the bottom up. Requirements: Full sun; well drained sandy or rocky soil. Drought tolerant. Notes: Well adapted to fire. Tends to proliferate where frequent fire occurs. Price: $10.00/each $6/each orders over 100 plants. Alternate-leaf dogwood - Cornus alternifolia Form: Up to 10 m tall, with new branches a bright red. Produces clusters of whitish flowers, then dark berries. Requirements: Part sun; well-drained rich soil. Notes: Also known as Pagoda dogwood. Red-osier dogwood - Cornus stolonifera Form: 1 m and above. Bright red, shiny twigs dull in colour with age. Has white fruit. Requirements: Full sun to part shade, moist soil. Notes: Trimming the branches at the end of the season encourages growth for the next season. 39

40 American beech - Fagus grandifolia Trees and Shrubs Form: Medium-sized trees up to 25 m tall. Light gray smooth bark, growing darker with age. Requirements: Full sun; moist rich well drained soil. Notes: Lives to and beyond 200 years. Often found in climax forests with Sugar maple, yellow birch and Eastern hemlock. Retains leaves in winter. White ash - Fraxinus americana Form: Up to 30 m tall. Bark is dark gray smooth when young separating into diamond shaped furrows when mature. Requirements: Full sun to part shade. Notes: Lives to 200 yrs. Green ash - Fraxinus pennsylvanica Form: Up to 25 m tall. Bark is grayish-brown and smooth when young. When mature, slightly raised diamond shaped ridges develop. Requirements: Full sun to part shade. Notes: Lives up to 100 yrs. Can withstand many weeks of flooding. Also called Red ash. Winterberry holly - Ilex verticillata Form: Up to 5 m tall and 3 m wide, this shrub produces small white flowers in the spring then bright red berries, which keep well into winter. Requirements: Full sun to partial shade; prefers moist soils. Notes: Often found in wetlands and marshes. Often used in Christmas decorations. Also known as Ilex berries. Butternut - Juglans cinerea Form: Up to 25 m tall. Bark smooth when young, becomes fissured and cracked with age. Requirements: Full sun; well drained fertile soil. Notes: Lives to 80 yrs. Also called White walnut. DNA certified from zone 3/4. Price: 2L pot. Call for prices. 40

41 Black walnut - Juglans nigra Trees and Shrubs Form: Up to 30 m tall. Bark is light brown and scaly when young, developing black furrows with age. Requirements: Full sun; well drained, fertile soil. Notes: Lives to 150 yrs. Common juniper - Juniperus communis Form: Small shrub, up to 1 m tall. Trunkless, with many up turned branches. Produces blue berries after 3rd year. Requirements: Full sun; well drained soil. Notes: Said to be the most widely distributed shrub throughout the Northern Hemisphere. Eastern red cedar - Juniperus virginiana Form: Up to 10 m tall. Bark is reddish-brown, thin, fibrous separating into long, narrow strips. Requirements: Full to part shade, moist to dry soil. Notes: Found on rocky ridges and on dry sandy soils. Also known as Eastern juniper, red juniper. Tamarack - Larix laricina Form: Up to 25 m tall. Bark is smooth, thin and gray when young, becoming reddish-brown and scaly with age. Requirements: Full sun; grows best in moist, well-drained soil. Notes: Lives to 150 yrs. Spicebush - Lindera benzoin Form: Up to 3 m tall and 2 m wide, this shrub has leaves that give off a spicy odor when crushed. Blooms in the spring. Requirements: Partial to full shade; moist rich soil. 41