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1 第 23 回 日 仏 建 築 会 議 2014 年 12 月 9 日 / : /MMMF ( ) VOC NOx // / / Berndnaut Smilde, Numbus, 2012 POP /

2 2014 年 12 月 9 日 1. [S]VOC/ : EnVIE ( ) ENVIE 10 10% : Word GBC Health_Wellbeing productivity_full_report.pdf

3 2014 年 12 月 9 日 5 / CSTB 3 5 /2 / / / / / 1 / / 2 3

4 2014 年 12 月 9 日 IAQ (Legionellae), (ergosterol, mycotoxins, MVOC),, : / / / / 7 Observatory of indoor air quality (OQAI) IAQ 2001 / / (//) (//) 6 / IAQ / / (//), (ADEME) (ANSES) CSTB (CSTB) 8

5 2014 年 12 月 9 日 OQAI (n = 567) IAQ (n=300) IAQ//// (n=300) IAQ/////SBS IAQ//// 9 567/1612 / (7) ( ) ( ) CO VOCPM CO 2 T RH 10

6 年 12 月 9 日 NO 2 VOC13 3 COsV46 / COsV46 6 / PM 2,5 mvoc / / CO IAQ () ) / IAQ

7 2014 年 12 月 9 日 13?? (2001, ( , 2010) 1000/ 15 (2-) (DEHP) (PM 10 /PM 2.5 ) [a] [a] 14 1,4-6 PM 10 /PM PM 2.5 PCB ( ) Almeras et 14 al, 2010

8 2014 年 12 月 9 日 (N = 2400) 30μg/m 3 10μg/m ( ) 86% ( ) 21% 50μg/m 3 100μg/m 3 / (HCSP, 2009) (HCSP, 2009) 4% IAQ / & DIY / () -

9 2014 年 12 月 9 日 IAQ LUM AIR CO 2 / / Index ICONE : 05 ICONE CO 2 CO2/ ppm (CO2 ) ppm ppm ppm11700 ppm ppm ppm IAQ 6CO,, ETS +, TCE, PM TCE 2, ( = 115,000, Quinet, 2013) ( ) 6(100 ) TCE CO ETS , ,331 1,279 =

10 2014 年 12 月 9 日 : CMR 12 (: DBP, DEHP) VOC Classes C B A A+ Formaldéhyde >120 <120 <60 <10 Acétaldéhyde >400 <400 <300 <200 Toluène >600 <600 <450 <300 Tétrachloroéthylène >500 <500 <350 <250 Xylène >400 <400 <300 <200 1,2,4-Triméthylbenzène >2000 <2000 <1500 <1000 1,4-Dichlorobenzène >120 <120 <90 <60 Éthylbenzène >1500 <1500 <1000 <750 2-Butoxyéthanol >2000 <2000 <1500 <1000 Styrène >500 <500 <350 <250 COVT >2000 <2000 <1500 <1000 IAQ o 71 1 o (CO 2 2) ( ) o o IAQ : / : / : 20

11 3 ( ) 2014 年 12 月 9 日 / / / 1 2 CSTB ( ) 3 22

12 2014 年 12 月 9 日 : Séverine Kirchner severine.kirchner@cstb.fr /

13 23rd Japan-France Building Colloquium December 9, 2014 Indoor Air Quality Séverine Kirchner Japan France Colloquium December 9th / Context: the concept of exposomethe of exposome Light Noise Vibration Electro magnetic fields Radon Moulds Bacteria Virus Allergens : dust mites, cats, dogs, Berndnaut Smilde, Numbus, 2012 Indoor Smoke particulate matter Asbestos, MMMF aldehydes (ex formaldehyde) VOCs : benzene, NOx Lead, Arsenic, Mercury, lead, Phtalates POPs Pesticides Flame retardant Endocrine disuptors AIR WATER SOIL

14 December 9, 2014 Context : from health effect to action effect to action Source : EnVIE ( ) Context: operating costs in a building Source : Word GBC Health_Wellbeing productivity_full_report.pdf

15 5 scientific and technical priorities to achieve successful ecological and energy transition December 9, 2014 CSTB implements these three strategic themes by organizing its activities and means around 5 scientific and technical priorities and 2 integration levels. STRUCTURE FINISHES FACILITIES AND NETWORKS HIGH-PERFORMANCE COMPONENTS RESPONSIBLE BUILDINGS SUSTAINABLE CITIES ENERGY ENVIRONMENT HEALTH COMFORT CONTROL RISK DIGITAL USE, ECONOMY, SPECIALTY CHANGES Health and comfort priority Improve outdoor and indoor environments Ensure Health security and comfort of population o in the living areas 1 Monitoring & knowledge generation Better understand living spaces Evaluate population exposure Develop monitoring indicators, procedures & methods 2 Health security of indoor environment Prevent and control of indoor contaminants 3 Confort in the living spaces Define and anticipate the indoor quality of the environment and global comfort Provide innovative solutions to improve the situations Prevent crisis Characterize risk Promote innovation Find solutions

16 December 9, 2014 Research on Health safety of indoor environment IAQ management Emerging risk Knowledge on biological and chemical risks Bacteria (Legionellae), Molds (ergosterol, mycotoxins, MVOC), Viruses, Volatils organic compounds, Semi volatiles organic compounds, Particulate matters Airborne biological entities dévelopment of metrology : molecular biology, chemical and biological pollutants, micro detection ex. molds sensors Asbestos Polluted soil / radon Chemical pollution from materials and products Developement of new «hygienic» products Pandemic situations and buildings Nano products in buildings Endocrine disrupter Physico chimical reactivity in indoor air hi i it i i d i Determinants of respiratory viruses exposure Pseudomonas in health institutions Use of geothermal in energy efficient buildings /microbiologial risk assessement i l i 7 Observatory of indoor air quality (OQAI), a national network for IAQ & comfort monitoring Created in 2001 To coordinate and develop scientific knowledge on indoor environment on a national scale supporting public policies g p p Building and equipments Occupants behaviors Indoor air quality (chemical, physical, microbiological) Comfort (noise, thermal, light) thermal light) 6P 6 Programmes Dwellings Schools and day care centres Office buildings Energy efficient building IAQ management tools Communication, training, education Public funding between million /year Ministries (Construction, Environment and Health), National Agencies in charge of Energy and Environment (ADEME) and Food, environmental and occupational health and safety (ANSES) and CSTB Governance: Steering committee, Scientific council, advisory committee, Coordinator (CSTB) Multidiciplinary scientific partner network 8

17 December 9, 2014 OQAI s National surveys Dwellings (n = 567) IAQ Schools (n=300) IAQ, acoustic, light, thermal and perceived comfort Office buildings (n=300) IAQ, acoustic, light, thermal and perceived comfort, SBS Low energy buildings IAQ, acoustic, light, thermal and perceived comfort 9 National survey on housing: 567 dwellings, people, rooms One week survey (7 days) Data on household (socio economical statut, activities, Time activity pattern ) Data on building (outdoor environment, materials, products, equipments, etc.) Measurements CO, VOCs, radon, PM, moulds, cats and dogs and dogs allergens, dust mites, CO 2,T, RH, airflowrate oct dec

18 Building audit : building products, ventilation, heating devices, NO 2 13 VOC, 3 aldehydes 46 COsV in air, 46 COsV in dust 6 metals in dust Lead in paint and dust PM 2,5 mass concentration andnumber Allergens dogs, cats, dust mites on mattress Mold contamination index based on mvoc Electro magnetic fields Noise and light levels Temperature and relative humidity CO 2 National survey on indoor environment o e in schools: s 300 buildings classrooms December 9, 2014 Occupants : activities, time activity patterns, cleaning activities, etc. + Perceived comfort 11 Indoor air quality and comfort in energy efficient buildings Harmonized protocols IAQ Ventilation Comfort OFFICES DWELLINGS SCHOOLS Data collection in buildings (agreement with (g private and public operators) New and renovated energy efficient buildings National database on IAQ and comfort in energy efficient buildings

19 December 9, 2014 From scientific results to actions results to 13 Prioritizing of needs What are the main parameters of interest? are the interest? Health-ranking score based on concentrations, toxicological reference values exposure and toxicity (2001, 2005, 2010) More than 1000 chemical substances and particules Dwellings 15 priority substances formaldehyde, benzene Carbon monoxide, di-2-éthylhexylphtalate (DEHP), acrolein, lead, acetaldehyde, particules matters (PM 10 et PM 2.5 ), cadmium, arsenic, benzo[a]pyrène, benzo[a]anthracène, 14dichlorobenzène 1,4-dichlorobenzène chloroforme. Schools 6 priority substances formaldehyde, benzene, acetaldehyde, PM 10 et PM 2.5 chrome. Office buildings 5 priority substances benzene, PM 2.5, Mix of PCB, ethylbenzene, formaldehyde. Sources : Almeras et 14 al, 2010

20 December 9, 2014 Dwellings: distribution of pollutants in the French housing stock housing stock Ex. Formaldehyde : distribution of concentrations in French dwellings (N = 24 M dwellings) 30μg/m 3 10μg/m 3 Target value (Decree ) exceeded in 21 % of dwellings Target value (Decree ) exceeded in 86% of dwellings 50μg/m 3 100μg/m 3 Information value and recommandations (HCSP, 2009) Value of quick-action (HCSP, 2009) exceeded in 4 % of dwellings Dwellings: key determinants of IAQ Emission sources Air management Outdoor environment Building attached garage g new building new materials / decoration products water damage Occupants & activities density of occupation smoking, DIY candles, incense dry cleaning, old mattresses Air management air exchange rate design and maintenance of ventilation systems opening windows Outdoor environnent air soil climaticzone (Température and Humidity Association between pollutants and household incomes

21 December 9, 2014 IAQ indicators for schools LUM AIR : integrated tool for assessment and management of air stuffiness in schools and kindergarten based on CO 2 levels Index ICONE : rating from 0 to 5 Trafic light ICONE index score Frequency of CO 2 values Air stuffiness 0 100% CO 2 values < 1000 ppm Fresh air (no air stuffiness) 1 ~1/3 values > 1000 but < 1700 ppm Low air stuffiness 2 ~2/3 values > 1000 but < 1700 ppm 1700 Medium air stuffiness 3 ~2/3 values > 1000 with 1/3 > 1700 ppm High air stuffiness 4 ~2/3 values > 1700 ppm Very high air stuffiness 17 5 ~100% CO 2 values > 1700 ppm Extreme air stuffiness Socio Economic Costs due IAQ: A Tentative Estimation for France Selection of 6 target pollutants: CO, radon, ETS +benzene, TCE, PMof target radon TCE 2,5 1. EXTERNAL COSTS 2. IMPACT ON PUBLIC FINANCES 1.1Mortality cost (life year value = 115,000, Quinet, 2013) 1 l i Health care lh 1.2Morbidity costs 2.2Research 1.3Loss of productivity 2.3Pensions not paid ( benefits ) Annual costs in million euros for 6 target pollutants Benzene TCE Radon CO Particles ETS , ,331 1,279 Total indoor pollution costs in France estimated at around 20 billions per year. i d d 20 Particles generated the highest burden, with 14 billions per year. 18

22 December 9, 2014 Government support actions Source control Ban of compounds : CMR category 1 and 2 and in decoration products (trichloroethylene, benzene, phthalates: DBP, DEHP) Mandatory labelling system on construction products based on VOC emissions Classes C B A A+ Formaldéhyde >120 <120 <60 <10 Acétaldéhyde >400 <400 <300 <200 Toluène >600 <600 <450 <300 Tétrachloroéthylène >500 <500 <350 <250 Xylène >400 <400 <300 <200 1,2,4-Triméthylbenzène >2000 <2000 <1500 <1000 1,4-Dichlorobenzène >120 <120 <90 <60 Éthylbenzène >1500 <1500 <1000 <750 2-Butoxyéthanol >2000 <2000 <1500 <1000 Styrène >500 <500 <350 <250 COVT >2000 <2000 <1500 <1000 Mandatory IAQ monotoring in establishments open to the public to the public o Every 7 years, except in case of excess of limit value (2 years) o Mandatory measurement by accredited organizations Benzene Formaldehyde Air stuffiness (CO 2 2) Tetrachloroethylene (if dry cleaning) OR o Optional measurements if pollution prevention provisions Guidelines for IAQ management o Mandatory assessement of room ventilation SCHEDULE January 2018 : childcare centers, nursery and primary schools January 2020 : places of leisure, high school January 2023 : health care establishment, jail, swimming pool 20

23 3 rd National Environmental Health Action Plan (November 2014) ( ) December 9, 2014 Asbestos roadmap Action plan on radon, lead, nano materials, etc Information of public and major playors Development of labelling system for air pollutant emitting products Development of incentive action and preparation of regulatory changes related to thermal regulations Improve knowledge We could propose How to go further from here thanks to Japan/France cooperation cooperation? 1 benchmark Japan/France public policies to learn from each other experience 2 exchange of researchers between CSTB and a research organization in Japan (English as a work language) 3 scientific expertise and research know-how to Japanese innovating companies 22

24 December 9, 2014 Indoor Air Quality Séverine Kirchner Japan France Colloquium December 9th /