Use of a New Doppler Umbilical Cord Clamp to Measure Heart Rate in Newborn Infants in the Delivery Room
|
|
- Helena Black
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Use of a New Doppler Umbilical Cord Clamp to Measure Heart Rate in Newborn Infants in the Delivery Room Robert P. Lemke MD 1, Michael Farrah BMET 2, and Paul J. Byrne MBChB 1 1 Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada 2 Department of Clinical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada Address correspondence: Robert Lemke, MD Stollery Children s Hospital 3A3 Walter C Mackenzie HSC St NW Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2B7 rplemke@shaw.ca Author Disclosure: All three authors have applied for a patent on the device described in this paper in multiple jurisdictions. ABSTRACT Objective: As an initial proof of concept, to determine whether a prototype umbilical cord clamp containing a Doppler ultrasound probe could quickly detect and accurately measure the heart rate of term newborns 5 min after birth. Methods: Clinically stable, spontaneously breathing newborns in room air, 37 week s gestation, had the prototype clamp applied to the base of their umbilical cord. We noted the time needed to detect a signal and then monitored the audible Doppler pulsations for approximately 1 minute while we simultaneously palpated the femoral pulse to confirm a 1:1 correlation. Results: A total of 16 term infants (9 female, GA 39±2 weeks, BW 3265±425 grams, one minute Apgar 8±2, five minute Apgar 9±1) had the cord clamp applied. In all cases a Doppler signal was detected immediately after contact with the skin, and remained strong and correlated 1:1 with the palpated pulse for at least one minute. Movement and crying resulted in some noise but the Doppler heart rate signal was unaffected. Conclusion: Under controlled conditions, a prototype umbilical cord clamp containing a Doppler ultrasound probe was able to detect and monitor the heart rate of 16 healthy newborns after birth. The technique has potential applications in guiding newborn resuscitation and requires further study. Key words: newborn, Doppler, resuscitation, newborn heart rate monitor, delivery room INTRODUCTION The transition from fetus to an air-breathing infant is a complex physiological process. 1 Although most babies are successful in this regard, a significant number require some emergent assistance during this transition, 2-4 and resuscitation interventions are not themselves without risk. 5-7 Fundamental to the decision making protocol described in the Neonatal Resuscitation Program developed by the American Heart Association, is accurate real time knowledge of a newborn infant s rapidly changing heart e-journal of Neonatology Research Volume 1, Issue 2, Summer
2 rate. 1,3,7 Continuous electronic monitoring of fetuses in utero, and of older infants in nurseries commonly occurs, and yet in the newborn during the critical first few minutes of life, heart rate measurement routinely relies on simple palpation and auscultation. 1 This critical information, used to initiate and guide resuscitation is typically only intermittently obtained, difficult to verify in retrospect, and when done under stressful circumstances is subject to error. 1,6,8-10 Although more recently, electronic monitoring has been used in the delivery suite for neonates immediately after delivery a number of problems remain. 1,11 First, the blood, mucus, amniotic fluid and vernix caseosa, which covers newborns must first be cleaned from the skin to ensure that adhesive probes stick and good contact between the skin and probe is achieved. 10 Even in experienced hands, application takes time and may paradoxically divert attention away from the actual resuscitation. 12 Second, the most investigated monitoring modality, pulse oximetry, depends on good tissue perfusion to ensure an error free signal. 12,13 Unfortunately perfusion is poorest in those babies who are the most compromised. Finally, in all cases there is a time delay between the time the umbilical cord is cut and the baby is transferred to the overhead warmer before auscultation and/or palpation can occur. 3,7 We noted that Doppler ultrasound is an effective method to quickly detect pulsation that is unaffected by contamination of the skin with bodily fluids. Moreover we recognized that clamping a device to the umbilical cord can provide a robust mechanical method of fixation that is unaffected by the presence of bodily fluids. In fact the umbilical cord is an ideal site for such a monitoring device because it is centrally located on the body, universally present, contains no pain receptors and is infrequently needed after birth. We therefore envisioned a new umbilical clamp, housing an integral wireless Doppler ultrasound probe, which is quick and simple to firmly attach to the baby s cord immediately after birth. The heart rate data generated by the device could be transmitted wirelessly in real time to a monitor for audible and numeric display and data trending and storage. METHODS This pilot study was reviewed and approved by the Human Ethics and Research Board of the University of Alberta. Informed consent was obtained from the mother prior to birth for each patient enrolled. In order to prove our concept, we developed a simple prototype cord clamp (Figure 1) which consisted of a milled polyethylene plastic housing through which the umbilical cord passed and positioned a pencil Doppler ultrasound probe with its tip covered in gel (Koven Technologies, St Louis, Missouri) against the infant s abdominal wall at the base of the cord. We hypothesized that this umbilical clamp, would detect a pulsation in the intra-abdominal arteries within 5 seconds of application to the skin and do so for at least 1 minute within the first 5 minutes after birth. Moreover, this pulsation would correlate 1:1 with the heartbeat as determined by concurrent palpation of the femoral pulse. The intended pilot study population were clinically stable, spontaneously breathing newborns in room air, 37 weeks gestation, who did not require resuscitation beyond simple stimulation. Any infant with a suspected congenital anomaly, or who was requiring oxygen or ventilatory support, or a gestational age < 37 weeks was excluded. e-journal of Neonatology Research Volume 1, Issue 2, Summer
3 pulsations for at least 1 minute while we simultaneously palpated the femoral pulse to confirm a 1:1 correlation. Once the monitoring period was completed, the Doppler cord clamp assembly was removed by unclipping the housing from the cord. We then applied a second Hollister cord clamp at the base of the cord, and trimmed the excess cord before returning the baby to the parents. The application of the Doppler cord clamp in the delivery suite was straightforward. At birth, the obstetrician was asked to clamp a hemostat to the cord in such a way as to provide at least 10 cm of cord for us to apply our device. After delivery, the infant was first handed to the resuscitation team for assessment and appropriate care. At 4 minutes, if the baby was deemed stable, we attached the device to the base of the cord, applying mild traction to the cord through the housing using a Hollister disposable cord clamp (Hollister Incorporated, Libertyville, Illinois) to minimize movement. We noted the time needed to detect an audible signal and then monitored the audible Doppler We planned to use the prototype clamp on a total of 10 to 20 newborns to assess i). the process of clamp application, ii). the clamp s ability to detect pulsation and iii). its ability to measure heart rate. This sample size was arbitrary but based on our belief that it constituted a reasonable sample to reveal any needed modifications of the device and/or process of application for further development. We completed successful clamp application, pulse detection and heart rate measurements in 16 newborns. In 8 infants, a 10 MHz probe, applied 15 degrees from midline, and directed 45 o cephalad from vertical, was used to target an umbilical artery as it passed caudad in the abdominal wall. In the remaining 8 babies, a 5 MHz probe was applied midline, directed 45 o cephalad from vertical, to target deeper arteries in the pelvis. Data collection consisted of standard demographic data (i.e. gender, birth weight and Apgar scores) and observations regarding the application of the device, signal acquisition and strength, and correlation with palpated pulse. RESULTS A total of 16 term infants (9 female, GA 39±2 weeks, BW 3265±425 grams, one minute Apgar 8±2, five minute Apgar 9±1 [mean ± standard deviation]) had the cord clamp applied by one of the authors within 5 minutes of birth at the Caseroom of e-journal of Neonatology Research Volume 1, Issue 2, Summer
4 the Grey Nuns Community Hospital in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. In 8 infants the umbilical artery was the target and in the remaining 8 deeper pelvic arteries were insonated. In all cases an audible Doppler signal was detected immediately after contact with the skin and remained clear and strong and correlated 1:1 with the palpated femoral pulse for at least 1 minute. The average heart rate measured immediately after application of the clamp was 145±27 bpm (mean ± standard deviation) for an umbilical artery target and 150±20 bpm for the deeper signal target. There was no subjective difference noted in signal strength or ease of acquisition between the two targets. Eleven infants were crying during the use of the Doppler cord clamp and the remaining five were quiet. Movement and crying resulted in some noise but the Doppler heart rate signal was unaffected. As anticipated, the presence of bodily fluids on the cord and infant skin did not interfere with signal detection. Overall the clamp was well tolerated by all the infants. DISCUSSION In this proof of concept study, we successfully used a prototype Doppler cord clamp to detect and monitor the heart rate of 16 healthy term infants in the delivery room of a community hospital. Under these very controlled circumstances, the clamp provided rapid and accurate heart rate data using two different potential Doppler signal sources. The use of Doppler ultrasound to measure heart rate immediately after birth has not been previously described. Because of concerns regarding the inaccuracy of clinically assessed heart rate measurements, a number of studies have explored the use of ECG and/or pulse oximetry in newborn resuscitation. 10,11 However, concerns remain for a number of reasons. Data are not available for up to 90 seconds because of delays associated with skin cleaning, probe application and signal acquisition. 12,13 Moreover, in low skin perfusion states, pulse oximetry can be inaccurate. 11,13 Despite these limitations, the use of pulse oximetry is encouraged to provide some form of objective heart rate data. 1,3,7 There are a number of theoretical factors which could result in attenuation and/or interference with the Doppler signal and thereby limit the usefulness of the cord clamp in resuscitation. First, in the case of the umbilical arteries, vasospasm and clotting are physiologic processes which ultimately obliterate these vessels as a source for heart rate data. While there are no published data available to document the speed with which the umbilical arteries become nonpulsatile after the cord is clamped and cut, in our pilot study we had no difficulty detecting a pulse signal up to 5 minutes of age suggesting that it may take some time to lose the umbilical arterial signal completely. Second, the presence of bowel gas is well known to attenuate ultrasound signal strength. However, at birth the bowel is fluid filled and it takes time for swallowed gas to travel distally. We were able to easily detect a deeper pelvic Doppler signal in our study patients, many of who were crying and presumably swallowing air, suggesting that this would not be an important concern in newborns soon after birth. Finally, movement can introduce noise in the Doppler signal, which if of sufficient intensity, could interfere with or obliterate the pulse waveform and result in signal loss. Again, this was not an issue in the patients we studied. Moreover, we suggest that this is of minimal practical importance in the Doppler cord clamp s application because it is in the quiet or e-journal of Neonatology Research Volume 1, Issue 2, Summer
5 unresponsive infant that resuscitation concerns arise, not the vigorous, crying neonate. In this study we targeted pulsations from deep and superficial arteries using commercially available pencil Doppler probes of 5 and 10 MHz respectively. Although it is clear that the superficial vessel signal source should be the umbilical artery, the identity of the specific arteries, which provided the deeper pulse signal, is not clear from this study. Likely target arteries include the aorta, iliac or the abdominal umbilical artery. All of these vessels are large and would be expected to provide an accurate signal even in the severely hemodynamically compromised newborn. One potential practical problem with the attachment of a monitoring system to the umbilical cord is its possible interference with the insertion of umbilical lines should the need arise. To overcome this issue we designed the prototype clamp to engage the cord 3 cm above the infant s abdomen, and to be easily removed thereby ensuring an adequate length of cord if subsequent umbilical line insertion was needed. The application of a prototype umbilical Doppler clamp in this pilot study detected accurate heart rate in newborns after birth. Our ultimate goal is to have the clamp applied to the infants cord while at the mother s perineum. This would document heart rate immediately after birth, information which is currently not readily available. Such objective heart rate data could then be used to both signal the need for and guide neonatal resuscitation. The potential clinical application of this device in both sick and well infants is apparent. However, the device is in a very early prototype development and there is still considerable work to be done before it could see clinical use. REFERENCES 1. American Academy of Pediatrics and American Heart Association. Textbook of Neonatal Resuscitation. 5th ed. Elk Grove Village (IL): American Academy of Pediatrics; Dallas (TX): American Heart Association; Leone TA, Rich W, Finer NN. A survey of delivery room resuscitation practices in the United States. Pediatrics. 2006; 117(2):e Perlman JM, Wyllie J, Kattwinkel J, Atkins DL, Chameides L, Goldsmith JP, et al. on behalf of the Neonatal Resuscitation Chapter Collaborators. Part II: neonatal resuscitation: 2010 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations. Circulation 2010; 122 (suppl 2):S516 S Rajani AK, Chitkara R, Halamek LP. Delivery room management of the newborn. Pediatr Clin N Am 2009; 56: Perlman JM, Kattwinkel J. Delivery room resuscitation past, present, and the future. Clin Perinatol 2006; 33: O Donnell CPF, Kamlin COF, Davis PG, Morley CJ. Endotracheal intubation attempts during neonatal resuscitation: Success rate, duration, and adverse effects. Pediatrics 2006; 117: e16-e Kattwinkel J, Perlman JM, Aziz K, Colby C, Fairchild K, Gallagher J, et al. Part 15: neonatal resuscitation: 2010 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emer- e-journal of Neonatology Research Volume 1, Issue 2, Summer
6 gency Cardiovascular Care. Circulation. 2010; 122:S909 S Kattwinkel J. Evaluating resuscitation practices on the basis of evidence: the findings at first glance may seem illogical. J Pediatr 2003; 142: Carbine DN. Finer NN. Knodel E. Rich W. Video recording as a means of evaluating neonatal resuscitation performance. Pediatrics. 2000; 106(4): Kamlin CO, O'Donnell CP, Everest NJ, Davis PG, Morley CJ. Accuracy of clinical assessment of infant heart rate in the delivery room. Resuscitation 2006; 71(3): Dawson JA, Davis PG, O Donnell CPF, Kamlin COF, Morley CJ. Pulse oximetry for monitoring infants in the delivery room: a review. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2007; 92:F4-F Finer N, Rich W. Neonatal resuscitation for the preterm infant: evidence versus practice. J Perinatol 2010; 30:S57-S Kamlin CO. Dawson JA. O'Donnell CP. Morley CJ. Donath SM. Sekhon J.et al. Accuracy of pulse oximetry measurement of heart rate of newborn infants in the delivery room. J Pediatr 2008; 152(6): e-journal of Neonatology Research Volume 1, Issue 2, Summer
Addendum to the NRP Provider Textbook 6 th Edition Recommendations for specific modifications in the Canadian context
Addendum to the NRP Provider Textbook 6 th Edition Recommendations for specific modifications in the Canadian context A subcommittee of the Canadian Neonatal Resuscitation Program (NRP) Steering Committee
More informationObstetrical Emergencies
Date: July 18, 2014 Page 1 of 5 Obstetrical Emergencies Purpose: To provide the process for the assessment and management of the patient with an obstetrical related emergency. Pre-Medical Control 1. Follow
More informationAHA/AAP Neonatal Resuscitation Guidelines 2010: Summary of Major Changes and Comment on its Utility in Resource-Limited Settings
AHA/AAP Neonatal Resuscitation Guidelines 2010: Summary of Major Changes and Comment on its Utility in Resource-Limited Settings Resuscitation step Recommendations (2005) Recommendations (2010) Comments/LOE
More informationRegions Hospital Delineation of Privileges Nurse Practitioner
Regions Hospital Delineation of Privileges Nurse Practitioner Applicant s Last First M. Instructions: Place a check-mark where indicated for each core group you are requesting. Review education and basic
More informationNRP 2012 Putting New Resuscitation Guidelines into Practice
Outreach Education Online Video Library for Healthcare Professionals NRP 2012 Putting New Resuscitation Guidelines into Practice. Jeanette Zaichkin, RN, MN, NNP-BC December 2, 2010 Program Handouts This
More informationGuidelines for the Management of the Obstetrical Patient for the Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist
American Association of Nurse Anesthetists 222 South Prospect Avenue Park Ridge, IL 60068 www.aana.com Guidelines for the Management of the Obstetrical Patient for the Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist
More information08 LC 29 3403S. The House Committee on Judiciary offers the following substitute to SB 381: A BILL TO BE ENTITLED AN ACT
The House Committee on Judiciary offers the following substitute to SB : A BILL TO BE ENTITLED AN ACT To amend Chapter 0 of Title of the Official Code of Georgia Annotated, relating to vital records, so
More informationA8b. Resuscitation of a Term Infant with Meconium Staining. Session Summary. Session Objectives. References
A8b Resuscitation of a Term Infant with Meconium Staining Karen Wright, PhD, NNP-BC Assistant Professor and Coordinator, Neonatal Nurse Practitioner Program Dept. of Women, Children, and Family Nursing,
More informationDoppler Ultrasound in the Management of Fetal Growth Restriction Chukwuma I. Onyeije, M.D. Atlanta Perinatal Associates
Doppler Ultrasound in the Management of Fetal Growth Restriction Chukwuma I. Onyeije, M.D. Atlanta Perinatal Associates 1 For your convenience a copy of this lecture is available for review and download
More informationScreening for Critical Congenital Heart Disease in the Apparently Healthy Newborn
Screening for Critical Congenital Heart Disease in the Apparently Healthy Newborn A presentation of Texas Pulse Oximetry Project: A Joint Educational Initiative of The University of Texas Health Science
More informationNeonatal Emergencies. Care of the Neonate. Care of the Neonate. Care of the Neonate. Student Objectives. Student Objectives continued.
Student Objectives Neonatal Emergencies After completing this section the student will be able to: 1. Identify three physiologic and/or anatomic features unique to the newborn 2. List three perinatal factors
More informationApplications of Doppler Ultrasound in Fetal Growth Assessment. David Cole
Applications of Doppler Ultrasound in Fetal Growth Assessment David Cole Aims The aim of this presentation is to consider the use of Doppler ultrasound to investigate and monitor those pregnancies at risk
More informationSWISS SOCIETY OF NEONATOLOGY. Umbilical cord complications in two subsequent pregnancies
SWISS SOCIETY OF NEONATOLOGY Umbilical cord complications in two subsequent pregnancies June 2006 2 Hetzel PG, Godi E, Bührer C, Department of Neonatology (HPG, BC), University Children s Hospital, Basel,
More informationNHS FORTH VALLEY Neonatal Oxygen Saturation Guideline
NHS FORTH VALLEY Neonatal Oxygen Saturation Guideline Date of First Issue 11/07/2011 Approved 30/09/2011 Current Issue Date 07/09/2011 Review Date July 2013 Version 1 EQIA Yes 22/10/2011 Author / Contact
More informationUpdate on Neonatal Resuscitation
Update on Neonatal Resuscitation Ola Didrik Saugstad MD, PhD, FRCPE Professor of Pediatrics Director Department of Pediatric Research Rikshospitalet, Faculty of Medicine University of Oslo NORWAY 1st.
More informationSOUTHERN WEST MIDLANDS NEWBORN NETWORK
SOUTHERN WEST MIDLANDS NEWBORN NETWORK Hereford, Worcester, Birmingham, Sandwell & Solihull Title Person Responsible for Review Delayed Umbilical Cord Clamping Dr Andrew Gallagher Date Guideline Agreed:
More informationSchool of Diagnostic Medical Sonography
Semester 1 Orientation - 101 This class is an introduction to sonography which includes a basic anatomy review, introduction to sonographic scanning techniques and physical principles. This curriculum
More information5/30/2014 OBJECTIVES THE ROLE OF A RESPIRATORY THERAPIST IN THE DELIVERY ROOM. Disclosure
THE ROLE OF A RESPIRATORY THERAPIST IN THE DELIVERY ROOM Ona Fofah, MD FAAP Assistant Professor of Pediatrics Director, Division of Neonatology Department of Pediatrics Rutgers- NJMS, Newark OBJECTIVES
More informationDelayed Cord Clamping
ICEA Position Paper Delayed Cord Clamping Position The International Childbirth Education Association recognizes that the first minutes after birth are crucial to both mother and newborn. Optimal care
More informationAbdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) General Information. Patient information Leaflet
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) General Information Patient information Leaflet 1 st July 2016 WHAT IS THE AORTA? The aorta is the largest artery (blood vessel) in the body. It carries blood from the heart
More informationAn abdominal ultrasound produces a picture of the organs and other structures in the upper abdomen.
Scan for mobile link. Ultrasound - Abdomen Ultrasound imaging of the abdomen uses sound waves to produce pictures of the structures within the upper abdomen. It is used to help diagnose pain or distention
More informationBritish Association of Perinatal Medicine. The Management of Babies born Extremely Preterm at less than 26 weeks of gestation
Arch Dis Child - FNN Online First:Published on October 6, 2008 as 10.1136/adc.2008.143321 British Association of Perinatal Medicine The Management of Babies born Extremely Preterm at less than 26 weeks
More informationROUTINE HEART EXAM AND
INFORMATION FOR PARENTS ROUTINE HEART EXAM AND BIOBANK IN ALL NEWBORNS In the Copenhagen area 2016-2018 You have the option to let your child join a research study conducted by doctors with expertise in
More informationCPT Pediatric Coding Updates 2009. The 2009 Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes are effective as of January 1, 2009.
CPT Pediatric Coding Updates 2009 The 2009 Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes are effective as of January 1, 2009. NEW CODES Evaluation and Management Services Normal Newborn Care Codes 99431-99440
More informationFacts about Congenital Heart Defects
Facts about Congenital Heart Defects Joseph A. Sweatlock, Ph.D., DABT New Jersey Department of Health Early Identification & Monitoring Program Congenital heart defects are conditions that are present
More informationAccuracy and reliability of pulse oximetry in
Accuracy and reliability of pulse oximetry in premature neonates with respiratory distress GINNY W. HENDERSON, CRNA, MS Concordville, Pennsylvania Continuous noninvasive monitoring of oxygenation in premature
More informationCord Blood Erythropoietin and Markers of Fetal Hypoxia
July 21, 2011 By NeedsFixing [1] To investigating the relationship between cord blood erythropoietin and clinical markers of fetal hypoxia. Abstract Objective: To investigating the relationship between
More informationa guide to understanding pierre robin sequence
a guide to understanding pierre robin sequence a publication of children s craniofacial association a guide to understanding pierre robin sequence this parent s guide to Pierre Robin Sequence is designed
More informationChapter 31 Obstetrics and Neonatal Care 1137. Scene Size-up. Primary Assessment
Chapter 31 Obstetrics and Neonatal Care 1137 Scene Size-up Scene Safety Mechanism of Injury (MOI)/ Nature of Illness (NOI) Ensure scene safety and safe access to the patient. Standard precautions should
More informationPARAMEDIC TRAINING CLINICAL OBJECTIVES
Page 1 of 21 GENERAL PATIENT UNIT When assigned to the General Patient unit paramedic student should gain knowledge and experience in the following: 1. Appropriate communication with patients and members
More informationIOWA BOARD OF NURSING
IOWA BOARD OF NURSING In RE: Petition for ) Declaratory Order No. 104 Declaratory Order Filed By: ) J. R. "Lynn" Boes on behalf ) ARNP/CNM Pronouncement of of her client, ) Fetal Death Carey Ryan, ARNP,
More informationThe Heart Center Neonatology. Congenital Heart Disease Screening Program
The Heart Center Neonatology Congenital Heart Disease Screening Program Our goal is simple. We want all infants with critical congenital heart disease to be identified before leaving the nursery. Together,
More informationRegistered Nurse Initiated Activities Decision Support Tool No. 8A: Obstetrical Emergencies Cord Prolapse
Registered Nurse Initiated Activities Decision Support Tool No. 8A: Obstetrical Emergencies Cord Prolapse Decision support tools are evidenced-based documents used to guide the assessment, diagnosis and
More informationEvaluation and Follow-up of Fetal Hydronephrosis
Evaluation and Follow-up of Fetal Hydronephrosis Deborah M. Feldman, MD, Marvalyn DeCambre, MD, Erin Kong, Adam Borgida, MD, Mujgan Jamil, MBBS, Patrick McKenna, MD, James F. X. Egan, MD Objective. To
More informationMANA Home Birth Data 2004-2009: Consumer Considerations
MANA Home Birth Data 2004-2009: Consumer Considerations By: Lauren Korfine, PhD U.S. maternity care costs continue to rise without evidence of improving outcomes for women or babies. The cesarean section
More information8/13/2014. Blood, Sweat (and Tears): Delayed Cord Clamping and Delivery Room Temperature. Delayed Cord Clamping
8/13/2014 Blood, Sweat (and Tears): Delayed Cord Clamping and Delivery Room Temperature James F. Smith, Jr., MD Professor and Chair Obstetrics and Gynecology Creighton University School of Medicine The
More informationFetal Acid Base Status and Umbilical Cord Sampling. David Acker, MD
Fetal Acid Base Status and Umbilical Cord Sampling David Acker, MD Part I: Some Background Intra-uterine Event as Causative of CP Cord ph < 7.00 and base excess of > 12 Early onset neonatal encephalopathy
More informationProject 4.2.1: Heart Rate
Project 4.2.1: Heart Rate Introduction Even before you were born, one of the first things your doctor did when you went for an office visit was listen to your heart. Your heart rate, the number of times
More informationCORD BLOOD COLLECTION / ANALYSIS- AT BIRTH
WOMEN AND NEWBORN HEALTH SERVICE King Edward Memorial Hospital CLINICAL GUIDELINES OBSTETRICS AND MIDWIFERY King Edward Memorial Hospital WOMEN AND NEWBORN HEALTH SERVICE INTRAPARTUM CARE SPECIMEN COLLECTION
More informationEmergency Medical Training Services Emergency Medical Technician Basic Program Outlines Outline Topic: OB/GYN Revised: 11/2013
Emergency Medical Training Services Emergency Medical Technician Basic Program Outlines Outline Topic: OB/GYN Revised: 11/2013 A&P Vagina - known as birth canal. Cervix - head of vagina. Fallopian tubes
More informationAdvanced Fetal Assessment and Monitoring: Online Program. Advanced Practice Strategies, LLC
Advanced Fetal Assessment and Monitoring: Online Program Advanced Fetal Assessment and Monitoring: Online Program Comments from the Authors As a physician who does a great deal of medical legal expert
More informationD-94164-2013. Gentle for the newborn, efficient for you. DRÄGER JAUNDICE METER JM-105
D-94164-2013 Gentle for the newborn, efficient for you. DRÄGER JAUNDICE METER JM-105 2 Assessing jaundice risk without the trauma D-94313-2013 D-7346-2009 While neonatal jaundice or hyperbilirubinemia
More information11 Newborn Life Support
11 Newborn Life Support Introduction Passage through the birth canal is a hypoxic experience for the fetus, since significant respiratory exchange at the placenta is prevented for the 50-75 s duration
More informationDIAGNOSTIC MEDICAL SONOGRAPHY
DIAGNOSTIC MEDICAL SONOGRAPHY Ms. April Sutherland, Program Director 256.352.8318 april.sutherland@wallacestate.edu Associate in Applied Science Degree (6 semesters) Career Cluster: Health Science At a
More informationWhy is prematurity a concern?
Prematurity What is prematurity? A baby born before 37 weeks of pregnancy is considered premature. Approximately 12% of all babies are born prematurely. Terms that refer to premature babies are preterm
More informationFetal Prognosis in Varix of the Intrafetal Umbilical Vein
Fetal Prognosis in Varix of the Intrafetal Umbilical Vein Waldo Sepulveda, MD, Antonio Mackenna, MD, Jorge Sanchez, MD, Edgardo Corral, MD, Eduardo Carstens, MD To assess the clinical significance of varix
More informationMore detailed background information and references can be found at the end of this guideline
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Clinical Guideline Oxygen Over the past few years there have been significant changes, based on high quality research, in our understanding of how to give the right amount
More informationCareful collection, organization and review of medical information
Preparing Birth Injury Case Prior To Expert Review of Causation Careful collection, organization and review of medical information essential to documentation of injury By RICHARD A. SILVER When analyzing
More informationScope and Standards for Nurse Anesthesia Practice
Scope and Standards for Nurse Anesthesia Practice Copyright 2013 222 South Prospect Ave. Park Ridge, IL 60068 www.aana.com Scope and Standards for Nurse Anesthesia Practice The AANA Scope and Standards
More informationIntraosseous Vascular Access and Lidocaine
Intraosseous Vascular Access and Lidocaine Intraosseous (IO) needles provide access to the medullary cavity of a bone. It is a technique primarily used in emergency situations to administer fluid and medication
More informationScope and Standards for Nurse Anesthesia Practice
Scope and Standards for Nurse Anesthesia Practice Copyright 2010 222 South Prospect Ave. Park Ridge, IL 60068 www.aana.com Scope and Standards for Nurse Anesthesia Practice The AANA Scope and Standards
More informationDiagnostic Medical Sonography
Diagnostic Medical Sonography 130 Diagnostic Medical Sonography Location: Trenholm Campus - Bldg. H Program Information Diagnostic Medical Sonography (DMS) is a diagnostic procedure that uses high frequency
More informationSchool of Diagnostic Medical Sonography Course Catalog
School of Diagnostic Medical Sonography Course Catalog 2 School of Diagnostic Medical Sonography Course Schedule Our program provides a broad base of education and performance- based clinical experience
More informationHuman Growth and Reproduction
Human Growth and Reproduction Sperm reach ovum and cluster around it Only one sperm is allowed to penetrate egg When the sperm penetrates the egg, the egg immediately releases a chemical creating a hard
More informationHow To Use An Ultrasound For Medical Research
Scan for mobile link. General Ultrasound What is General Ultrasound Imaging? Ultrasound is safe and painless, and produces pictures of the inside of the body using sound waves. Ultrasound imaging, also
More informationApproved and Funded Neonatal Resuscitation Program (NRP) Research Grants and Young Investigator Awards
Approved and Funded Neonatal Resuscitation Program (NRP) Research Grants and Young Investigator Awards 2015 Meconium aspiration syndrome and non vigorous neonates pilot study, St Louis, MO TM Identification
More informationMichigan Adult Cardiac Protocols CARDIAC ARREST GENERAL. Date: May 31, 2012 Page 1 of 5
Date: May 31, 2012 Page 1 of 5 Cardiac Arrest General This protocol should be followed for all adult cardiac arrests. Medical cardiac arrest patients undergoing attempted resuscitation should not be transported
More informationSchool of Diagnostic Medical Sonography Course Catalog
School of Diagnostic Medical Sonography Course Catalog 2 School of Diagnostic Medical Sonography Course Schedule Our program provides a broad base of education and performance- based clinical experience
More informationUMBILICAL CORD CLAMPING FOR TERM INFANTS 37 WEEKS
UMBILICAL CORD CLAMPING FOR TERM INFANTS 37 WEEKS This guideline refers to umbilical cord clamping in term infants (those 37 weeks gestational age) DEFINITION Immediate (early) cord clamping (ICC): the
More informationDelayed Cord Clamping
Delayed Cord Clamping Jeanette Zaichkin RN, MN, NNP-BC Jeanette.zaichkin@outlook.com Washington Section AWHONN Spring Conference May 28, 2015 Learning Objectives Examine the literature regarding early
More informationToolkit for Implementation of Pulse Oximetry Screening for Critical Congenital Heart Disease
Toolkit for Implementation of Pulse Oximetry Screening for Critical Congenital Heart Disease 2 Table of Contents About CCHD CCHD and pulse oximetry screening... 3 CCHD Screening Protocol... 4 Equipment
More information(C) AMBULANCE VICTORIA
The Newborn Baby: Definitions and Contacts Newborn definition 'Newborn' refers to the first min to hours post birth. For the purpose of resuscitation, AV accepts up to the first 24 hours from birth in
More informationOSTEOPATHIC CARE OF CHILDREN
OSTEOPATHIC CARE OF CHILDREN OSTEOPATHIC HEALTHCARE OF MAINE OSTEOPATHIC CARE OF CHILDREN Donald V. Hankinson, D.O. Childhood is a time when the potential for mental, physical and spiritual growth is profound.
More informationGeneral and Objectives Clinical Skills for. Nursing Students in Maternity and Gynecology. Nursing Department
General and Objectives Clinical Skills for Nursing Students in Maternity and Gynecology Nursing Department Objectives and clinical skills of Antenatal unit Provide antenatal care to woman during normal
More informationNewborn outcomes after cesarean section for fetal distress in BC
Newborn outcomes after cesarean section for fetal distress in BC Patricia Janssen, PhD, UBC School of Population and Public Health Scientist, Child and Family Research Institute Kevin Jenniskens, MSc,
More informationThe sensitive marker for glomerular filtration rate (GFR) Estimation of GFR from Serum Cystatin C:
The sensitive marker for glomerular filtration rate (GFR) Estimation of GFR from Serum Cystatin C: The good correlation allows close estimation of GFR Cystatin C GFR GFR in serum estimated* measured* n
More informationUltrasound scans in pregnancy
Ultrasound scans in pregnancy www.antenatalscreening.wales.nhs.uk Copyright 2016 Public Health Wales NHS Trust. All rights reserved. Not to be reproduced in whole or in part without the permission of the
More informationFirst Trimester Screening for Down Syndrome
First Trimester Screening for Down Syndrome What is first trimester risk assessment for Down syndrome? First trimester screening for Down syndrome, also known as nuchal translucency screening, is a test
More informationNEONATAL RESUSCITATION PROVIDER (NRP) RECERTIFICATION TABLE OF CONTENTS
NEONATAL RESUSCITATION PROVIDER (NRP) RECERTIFICATION TABLE OF CONTENTS NEONATAL FLOW ALGORITHM.2 INTRODUCTION 3 ANTICIPATION OF RESUSCITATION 4 TEMPERATURE CONTROL.4 CLEARING THE AIRWAY OF MECONIUM 5
More informationEMSPIC State NEMSIS Datasets
E01_01 Patient Care Report Number X X E01_02 Software Creator X X E01_03 Software Name X X E01_04 Sofware Version X X E02_01 EMS Agency Number X X E02_02 Incident Number X E02_03 EMS Unit (Vehicle) Response
More informationUterine fibroids (Leiomyoma)
Uterine fibroids (Leiomyoma) What are uterine fibroids? Uterine fibroids are fairly common benign (not cancer) growths in the uterus. They occur in about 25 50% of all women. Many women who have fibroids
More informationFrom Children s National Medical Center. Congenital Heart Disease Screening Program Toolkit: A Toolkit for Implementing Screening.
From Children s National Medical Center. Congenital Heart Disease Screening Program Toolkit: A Toolkit for Implementing Screening. Washington, DC: Children s National Medical Center; 2009. 1 Critical Congenital
More informationChapter 6. Hemorrhage Control UNDER FIRE KEEP YOUR HEAD DOWN
Hemorrhage Control Chapter 6 Hemorrhage Control The hemorrhage that take[s] place when a main artery is divided is usually so rapid and so copious that the wounded man dies before help can reach him. Colonel
More informationOVERALL PERFORMANCE. Pediatrics In-Training History and Physical Examination (HPE) Assessment
OVERALL PERFORMANCE Pediatrics In-Training History and Physical Examination (HPE) Assessment Name: University: This resident completed the standardized assessment of history -taking, physical examination
More informationChildren's Medical Services (CMS) Regional Perinatal Intensive Care Center (RPICC) Neonatal Extracorporeal Life Support (ECLS) Centers Questionnaire
Children's Medical Services (CMS) Regional Perinatal Intensive Care Center (RPICC) Neonatal Extracorporeal Life Support (ECLS) Centers Questionnaire Date: RPICC Facility: CMS use only Include the following
More informationWater Birth Online Course. Women s Services
Water Birth Online Course Women s Services 1 Water Birth Instructions for Online Class 1. Read through all the slides. 2. Print out the certificate at the end of the slides. 3. Sign and date the certificate.
More informationMedical Center of Central Georgia Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Medical Center of Central Georgia Neonatal Intensive Care Unit The Effect of Music Therapy as a Nursing Intervention for the Inconsolable 32-40 Week Critically Ill Infant Dr. Douglas Keith, PhD, MT-BC
More informationIndirect Blood Pressure Measurement
P r o c e d u r e s P r o C A R D I O L O G Y Peer Reviewed Indirect Blood Pressure Measurement Maintenance of appropriate systemic arterial blood pressure is vital for survival. Because many common situations
More informationBladder Catheterization
Approved by: Bladder Catheterization Gail Cameron Senior Director, Operations, Maternal, Neonatal & Child Health Programs Dr. Ensenat Medical Director, Neonatology Neonatal Nursery Policy & Procedures
More informationCH CONSCIOUS SEDATION
Summary: CH CONSCIOUS SEDATION It is the policy of Carondelet Health that moderate conscious sedation of patients will be undertaken with appropriate evaluation and monitoring. Effective Date: 9/4/04 Revision
More informationNeonatal Outreach Education Program Course Catalog
2012 Neonatal Outreach Education Program Course Catalog Photo by Brian Redden (559) 353-5615 (559) 353-6255 Table of Contents Program Overview... 2 General Course Information... 3 Save The Date Children
More informationSafe Zone: CV PIP < 26; HFOV: MAP < 16; HFJV: MAP < 16 Dopamine infusion up to 20 mcg/kg/min Epinephrine infusion up to 0.1 mcg /kg/min.
Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia: Management Guidelines 5-2006 Issued By: Division of Neonatology Reviewed: Effective Date: Categories: Chronicity Document Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia: Management Guidelines
More informationHow To Test For Fetal Blood
Fetal (FBS) / paired cord blood sampling guideline (GL839) Approval Approval Group Job Title, Chair of Committee Date Maternity & Children s Services Clinical Governance Committee Mr Mark Selinger, Consultant
More informationObtaining a venous blood sample
Obtaining a venous blood sample About this workforce competence This workforce competence covers the issue of obtaining a venous blood sample from a patient. The key tasks include correctly identifying
More informationSTAGES OF PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT
STAGES OF PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT College of William and Mary Students for Life 2013 Germinal Period From conception to implantation Terms to Know Conception: the first stage in human development in which
More informationUniversal Fetal Cardiac Ultrasound At the Heart of Newborn Well-being
Universal Fetal Cardiac Ultrasound At the Heart of Newborn Well-being Optimizes detection of congenital heart disease (chd) in the general low risk obstetrical population Daniel J. Cohen, M.D. danjcohen@optonline.net
More informationDisclosures. Not as Pink as You Think 3/17/2014. Not As Pink As You Think: Pulse Oximetry Screening For Critical Congenital Heart Disease
March of Dimes New York State Chapter 36th Annual Perinatal Nurses Conference Promoting Perinatal Health Through Evidence Based Practice Not As Pink As You Think: Pulse Oximetry Screening For Critical
More information2008 Coding Questions and Answers
2008 Coding Questions and Answers 1. An infant is born at 29 wks gestation and has RDS. His birthweight is 1200 gms. He is admitted to the NICU. It is evident that he has severe RDS and a decision is made
More informationCritical Congenital Heart Disease (CCHD) Screening
Critical Congenital Heart Disease (CCHD) Screening Screening The Florida Genetics and Newborn Screening Advisory Council recommended to the Department of Health that CCHD be added to the panel of disorders
More informationNATIONAL COMPETENCY SKILL STANDARDS FOR PERFORMING AN ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM
NATIONAL COMPETENCY SKILL STANDARDS FOR PERFORMING AN ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM Electroencephalographic (EEG) providers practice in accordance with the facility policy and procedure manual which details every
More informationMy Birth Experience at Mercy
My Birth Experience at Mercy This booklet provides information about labor and birth practices at Mercy and includes an optional birth plan that you can complete prior to your baby s birth. Discuss your
More informationCorrelation between Umbilical Cord ph and Apgar Score in High Risk Pregnancy
Original Article Iran J Pediatr Dec 2010; Vol 20 (No 4), Pp:401-406 Correlation between Umbilical Cord ph and Apgar Score in High Risk Pregnancy Mousa Ahmadpour Kacho* 1, MD; Nesa Asnafi 2, MD; Maryam
More informationHow babies' senses develop
B2 There is much growth and change that must occur in your baby s body. For babies born full-term (37-40 weeks), this growth and change occurred within the warm, dark, watery womb. For the premature baby,
More informationCornual ruptured pregnancy with placenta increta CORNUAL RUPTURED PREGNANCY WITH PLACENTA INCRETA A RARE CASE
142 CORNUAL RUPTURED PREGNANCY WITH PLACENTA INCRETA A RARE CASE Agarwal NR 1, Rani A 1 *, Batra S 1 1. Department of Obststetrics and Gynaecology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banares Hindu Univarsity.
More informationThe New England. Copyright 2001 by the Massachusetts Medical Society THE CONTINUING VALUE OF THE APGAR SCORE FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF NEWBORN INFANTS
The New England Journal of Medicine Copyright 21 by the Massachusetts Medical Society VOLUME 344 F EBRUARY, 21 NUMBER 7 THE CONTINUING VALUE OF THE APGAR SCORE FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF NEWBORN INFANTS BRIAN
More informationRespiratory Therapy Program Technical Standards
Respiratory Therapy Program Technical Standards Technical Standards define the observational, communication, cognitive, affective, and physical capabilities deemed essential to complete this program and
More informationCommon types of congenital heart defects
Common types of congenital heart defects Congenital heart defects are abnormalities that develop before birth. They can occur in the heart's chambers, valves or blood vessels. A baby may be born with only
More informationNICU Level of Care Criteria
Introduction The NICU Criteria were developed to assist in the authorization for various levels of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), as well as assistance in determining the appropriate level of care.
More informationThe Abdominal Wall And Hernias. Stanley Kurek, DO, FACS Associate Professor of Surgery UTMCK
The Abdominal Wall And Hernias Stanley Kurek, DO, FACS Associate Professor of Surgery UTMCK The Abdominal Wall The structure of the abdominal wall is similar in principle to the thoracic wall. There are
More informationVascular Access. Chapter 3
Vascular Access Chapter 3 Vascular Access Introduction Obtaining vascular access in infants and children can be difficult even under optimal conditions. Attempting emergent access in a hypotensive, struggling
More information