Uso de aminoacidos para leitoes
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1 29 Reunião Anual do CBNA Uso de aminoacidos para leitoes Etienne Corrent Head of Innovation and Customer Solutions Ideal AA profile for piglets AJINOMOTO EUROLYSINE S.A.S. 1
2 INTRODUCTION Proteína bruta & Aminoácidos Aminoácidos Proteína PB = N x 6,25 Nitrogênio Ideal AA profile for piglets AJINOMOTO EUROLYSINE S.A.S.
3 INTRODUCTION Proteína bruta & Aminoácidos Para o mesmo nível de PB, a composição em AA pode ser diferente Em % de Lys Condições de risco? Val Ile Leu % PB 17 % PB Lordelo et al., 2008 Ideal AA profile for piglets AJINOMOTO EUROLYSINE S.A.S.
4 INTRODUCTION CONSIDERING AMINO ACIDS Nitrogen x 6.25 (crude protein) Amino Acids Ideal AA profile for piglets AJINOMOTO EUROLYSINE S.A.S. 4
5 INTRODUCTION Todos os AA são essenciais, mas Indispensáveis Condicionalmente Dispensáveis Dispensáveis Ideal AA profile for piglets AJINOMOTO EUROLYSINE S.A.S.
6 INTRODUCTION Todos os AA são essenciais, mas Indispensáveis Lys Thr Met Trp Val Ile Leu His Phe Condicionalmente Dispensáveis Glu Gln Cys Tyr Arg Dispensáveis Gly Ser Pro Asp Asn Ala Ideal AA profile for piglets AJINOMOTO EUROLYSINE S.A.S.
7 INTRODUCTION Formulação possível em 6 AA co-limitantes utilizando os AA sintéticos disponíveis Indispensáveis Inclusão conhecida 100% digestível, Valor constante AA Feed Grade PB da dieta 1. Lys 2. Thr 3. Met 4. Trp 5. Val 6. Ile Leu His Phe Restrições mínimas Qual é o próximo AA limitante? Ideal AA profile for piglets AJINOMOTO EUROLYSINE S.A.S.
8 INTRODUCTION L-Lys L-Thr DL-Met L-Trp L-Val 5 feeduse AA = 7 colimiting AA in the formula: Lys, Thr, Met, (Cys), Trp, Val & the next one: Ile or Leu or His? Supply and source of dietary AA in % of the AA requirement Lys Thr Met + Cys Trp Val Ile Leu His Phe+Tyr Amino Acids from feedstuffs Amino Acids from Feed-use AA Ideal AA profile for piglets AJINOMOTO EUROLYSINE S.A.S. 9
9 INTRODUCTION FORMULATING ON EACH EAA : ADVANTAGES Prerequisites Low protein diets Better nitrogen efficiency Opportunity for lower feed costs AA profile can be completely balanced Implementing risk management Net energy Digestible AA Feedstuffs knowledge Amino Acid requirements Ideal AA profile for piglets AJINOMOTO EUROLYSINE S.A.S. 10
10 INTRODUCTION Recent advances in AA Meta-analyses works: Simongiovanni et al., (Trp) van Milgen et al., (Val) van Milgen et al., (Ile) PhD program in FR Gloaguen et al.: Next limiting AA Very low CP diets Others works : Low CP diets and limiting AA (Jansman et al., NL). Ile, Val, Leu (Soumeh & Noorgard, DK) Leu, Trp, Low CP diets (Wessels et al., DE) Ideal AA profile for piglets AJINOMOTO EUROLYSINE S.A.S. 11
11 Methods Ideal AA profile for piglets AJINOMOTO EUROLYSINE S.A.S. 12
12 Nutritional System (1/1) Evaluating amino acids supply Total Amino Acids : Chemical analyses Equations based on Nitrogen Tables values Apparent ileal digestible AAs: Accounting for the excreta but including endogenous losses Standardized ileal digestible AAs: Accounting for the excreta minus the basal endogenous losses Ideal AA profile for piglets AJINOMOTO EUROLYSINE S.A.S. 13
13 Methodology (2/2) Factorial vs Empirical approach Protocols : Lys sublimiting or not? Individual pig < > Growing pig population Ideal Protein Concept : AA ratio to Lys Standardisation of the data (INRA 2004, SID values ) Practical relevance and implementation Matrix & Nutritional systems : Total, AID, SID? Models: linear plateau or curvilinear plateau Ideal AA profile for piglets AJINOMOTO EUROLYSINE S.A.S. 15
14 Amino Acids Trp Val Ile Leu His Phe Tyr Ideal AA profile for piglets AJINOMOTO EUROLYSINE S.A.S. 16
15 Tryptophan (1/2) The 4 th limiting AA in piglet diets Indispensable AA for growth A versatile AA : - Growth - Feed intake - Immune systems - Animal behavior Issues : - Many data published (and so a lot of variability) - Versatile AA = variable use of Trp depending on the conditions in the farm Ideal AA profile for piglets AJINOMOTO EUROLYSINE S.A.S. 17
16 Tryptophan (2/2) 22% SID Trp:Lys to maximize piglet growth Meta-analysis work : Simongiovanni et al. (2012) in Animal - Took all the published and non published information about Trp in piglets and selected just based on Lys levels and AA profile ADG (% of the best performance) Comparison to recent data : - Trials from the USA : Ma et al. (2010), Petersen (2011) - Trials from EU : Naatjes et al. (2010), Kluge et al. (2010) & Wessels et al. (2011). - Good validation of the metaanalysis curve Simongiovanni et al., 2012 Naatjes et al., 2010a Naatjes et al., 2010b Ma et al., 2010 Petersen, 2011a Petersen, 2011b Kluge et al., 2010 Wessels et al., 2011 SID Trp:Lys (%) - Confirmation of the use of 22% SID Trp:Lys to support maximal growth and take advantage of the versatile effects of Trp Ideal AA profile for piglets AJINOMOTO EUROLYSINE S.A.S. 18
17 Valine (1/11) Valina é um AA de cadeia ramificada (AACR/BCAA) Valina Isoleucina Leucina Têm sidos estudados JUNTOS Ideal AA profile for piglets AJINOMOTO EUROLYSINE S.A.S.
18 Valine (10/11) BCAA have a common metabolism Ideal AA profile for piglets AJINOMOTO EUROLYSINE S.A.S. 20
19 Valine (4/11) Val dose-responses where Lys is sublimiting A further selection allowing expressing Val as a ratio to Lys was needed New trial (Soumeh et al.) These data set confirms a minimum 70% SID Val:Lys as the requirement for piglets ADG (g/day) SID Val:Lys ratio (%) 0 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% Mavromichalis et al. (2001) - Exp. 5 - Barea et al. (2009)a - Exp. 4 - Barea et al.(2009)b - Exp. 4 - Dusel et al. (2008) Paulicks et al. (2008) Torrallardona et al. (2008) Vinyeta et al. (2010) Millet et al. (2010) Gloaguen et al. (2012) Assadi Soumeh et al. (2013) Ideal AA profile for piglets AJINOMOTO EUROLYSINE S.A.S. 25
20 L-VALINE IN PIGLET Valine (4/11) A new Valine dose-response published Available online since May 2015 under press Ideal AA profile for piglets AJINOMOTO EUROLYSINE S.A.S. 26
21 ADG, g/d ADFI, g/d Valine (5/11) Focus on the latest valine dose-response Arrhus University, Danemark 450 Piglet from 7 to 18 kg LW SID 1.15% Requirement 71% SID Val:Lys 400 0,55 0,6 0,65 0,7 0,75 0, SID Val:Lys 71% ,55 0,6 0,65 0,7 0,75 0,8 SID Val:Lys 71% Ideal AA profile for piglets AJINOMOTO EUROLYSINE S.A.S. 27
22 g/day Valine (6/11) Effect on Average Daily Feed Intake (g/d) - Effect on ADFI WHEN THE FEED IS IMBALANCED IN BCAA PIGLET DOES NOT EAT % 50% 60% 70% 80% SID Val:Lys ratio (%) Mavromichalis et al. (2001) - Exp. 5 - Barea et al. (2009)a - Exp. 4 - Barea et al.(2009)b - Exp. 4 - Dusel et al. (2008) Paulicks et al. (2008) Torrallardona et al. (2008) Vinyeta et al. (2010) Millet et al. (2010) Gloaguen et al. (2012) Ideal AA profile for piglets AJINOMOTO EUROLYSINE S.A.S. 28
23 Valine (7/11) Lys Thr Trp Ile Asp Val If Valine is missing, Accumulation of the trna = signal decrease Feed intake (prepyriform cortex) signal Ideal AA profile for piglets AJINOMOTO EUROLYSINE S.A.S.
24 Valine (7/11) Effect on the ADG ADG (g/day) 650 Effect on Average Daily Gain (g/d) % 50% 60% 70% 80% SID Val:Lys ratio (%) Mavromichalis et al. (2001) - Exp. 5 - Barea et al. (2009)a - Exp. 4 - Barea et al.(2009)b - Exp. 4 - Dusel et al. (2008) Paulicks et al. (2008) Torrallardona et al. (2008) Vinyeta et al. (2010) Millet et al. (2010) Gloaguen et al. (2012) Assadi Soumeh et al. (2013) Ideal AA profile for piglets AJINOMOTO EUROLYSINE S.A.S. 30
25 g/g Valine (8/11) Effect on the FCR 2,2 SID Val:Lys dose-responses - Effect on Feed Conversion Ratio (g/g) - 2 1,8 1,6 1,4 1,2 1 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% SID Val:Lys ratio (%) Mavromichalis et al. (2001) - Exp. 5 - Barea et al. (2009)a - Exp. 4 - Barea et al.(2009)b - Exp. 4 - Dusel et al. (2008) Paulicks et al. (2008) Torrallardona et al. (2008) Vinyeta et al. (2010) Millet et al. (2010) Gloaguen et al. (2012) Assadi Soumeh et al. (2013) Ideal AA profile for piglets AJINOMOTO EUROLYSINE S.A.S. 31
26 ADG in % of the best performance Valine (9/11) ADG response curve to dietary SID Val:Lys, meta-analysis based on 7 trials in the Bulletin # Mavromichalis et al. (2001) - Exp. 5 - Barea et al. (2009)a - Exp. 4 - Dusel et al. (2008) Paulicks et al. (2008) Torrallardona et al. (2008) Vinyeta et al. (2010) Millet et al. (2010) Assadi Soumeh et al. (2013) Average B# Validated response to Valine % 43% 45% 48% 50% 53% 55% 58% 60% 63% 65% 68% 70% 73% 75% 78% 80% 83% 85% SID Val:Lys (%) Ideal AA profile for piglets AJINOMOTO EUROLYSINE S.A.S. 32
27 Valine (10/11) Strong response to SID Val:Lys 64 to 70% SID Val:Lys -4% FCR ADG +7% 61 to 70% SID Val:Lys -7% +14% Ideal AA profile for piglets AJINOMOTO EUROLYSINE S.A.S.
28 Valine (11/11) Impact of the BCAA common metabolism on performance Gloaguen et al. (2012) and Barea et al. (2009) performed doseresponses to Val Comparison show same requirement but different responses Higher response was obtained when Leu was in excess Deficient Valine diets are detrimental for piglets performance [ADFI, ADG and FCR]. ADG Leu % 60% 65% 70% 75% 80% 85% SID Val:Lys ratio (%) Barea et al. (2009) Low Leu FCR 115,0 Leu 112,5 110,0 107,5 105,0 102,5 100,0 55% 60% 65% 70% 75% 80% 85% SID Val:Lys ratio (%) Glaoguen et al. (2012) High Leu 70% SID Val:Lys ensures the piglet to sustain maximal growth Ideal AA profile for piglets AJINOMOTO EUROLYSINE S.A.S. 34
29 Valine (11/11) Amino Acids imbalance excess and feed intake response Wiltafsky et al (2010) Leu in Val deficient diets Leu in Ile deficient diets Valine deficiency Effect (-28%) Leu excess effect : -15% Leu excess effect : -35% Ideal AA profile for piglets AJINOMOTO EUROLYSINE S.A.S.
30 Isoleucine (1/3) Ile determines the dietary crude protein level Indispensable AA for growth Important literature but controversial results The usage of blood cells in the protocols used to be systematic because BC are deficient in Ile but very high in Val, Leu, Phe an His! The presence of BC increases the Ile requirement in growing pigs. Meta-analysis work of van Milgen et al. (2012) concludes that 50% SID Ile:Lys is sufficient to cope with the Ile need Ideal AA profile for piglets AJINOMOTO EUROLYSINE S.A.S. 36
31 Isoleucine (2/3) Isoleucine requirement Example of published works Amount of blood product SID Ile:Lys requirement Average By a correct selection it appears that the Ile requirement in absence of blood cells is very low Htoo et al., % 51% Wiltafsky et al., % 54% Gloaguen et al., % 49% 51.5% (50% SID Ile:Lys, van Milgen et al., 2013) Noorgard et al., % 52% James et al., % 55% Kerr et al., % 61% Wiltafsky et al., % 59% Fu et al., % >68% 61% Ideal AA profile for piglets AJINOMOTO EUROLYSINE S.A.S. 37
32 Isoleucine (3/3) Review of the Ile doseresponse in piglet fed blood-free diets ADG (g/d) More and more Ile dose-response using blood-free diets are available When Ile is deficient : reduction of the ADFI A minimum of 50% SID Ile:Lys is recommended by INRA For practical purposes, 53% SID Ile:Lys is safe SID Ile:Lys ratio (%) Wiltafsky et al. (2009) Exp3. Gloaguen et al. Gloaguen et al. (2012) Trautwein et al. (2010) Millet et al. (2010) Noorgard et al. (2012) Assadi Soumeh et al (2013) Ideal AA profile for piglets AJINOMOTO EUROLYSINE S.A.S. 38
33 Leucine (1/1) Leu is usually in excess in piglet diets 600 ADG (g/d) Few dose responses only 100% SID Leu:Lys is recommended Interactions between BCAA: A Leu excess together with Val or Ile deficiency is detrimental for piglets performance Criteria to maximize ADFI ADG Gain to Feed SID Leu:Lys requirement estimates (%) % deficiency affects the response by -1.9% -3.3% -2.0% Gloaguen et al. (2013) % 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 110% 120% 130% 140% 150% SID Leu:Lys Augspurger and Baker (2004), 1 Augspurger and Baker (2004), 2 Gloaguen et al. (2012),1 Gloaguen et al. (2012),2 Assadi Soumeh et al. (2013) Wessels et al. (2013) Ideal AA profile for piglets AJINOMOTO EUROLYSINE S.A.S. 39
34 Histidine (1/1) New data on His requirement His is an essential AA usually not limiting in piglets diet But the requirement must be studied in a context of dietary CP reduction 32% SID His:Lys is recommended ADG (g/d) FCR 2,40 2,20 2,00 1,80 Criteria to maximize ADFI ADG Gloaguen et al. (2013) Gain to Feed SID His:Lys requirement estimates (%) % deficiency affects the response by -1.6% -2.6% -1.5% ,60 1,40 1,20 0 1,00 16% 18% 20% 22% 24% 26% 28% 30% 32% 34% 36% 38% 40% 42% 44% 46% SID His:Lys Gloaguen et al. (2012),1 Gloaguen et al. (2012),2 Ideal AA profile for piglets AJINOMOTO EUROLYSINE S.A.S. 40
35 Phenylalanine and Tyrosine (1/1) First data on Phe and Tyr Aromatic AA Phe is indispensable, Tyr is dispensable Phe Tyr : by irreversible hydroxylation Enzyme is activated by Phe itself 54% Phe:Lys SID Our studies show that Phe+Tyr is not a good criteria Dietary Phe and Tyr are in excess today Criteria to maximize ADFI ADG Gain to Feed 40% Tyr:Lys SID SID Phe:Lys requirement estimates (%) % Phe deficiency affects the response by SID Tyr:Lys requirement estimates (%) % Tyr deficiency affects the response by Gloaguen et al. (2014) Ideal AA profile for piglets AJINOMOTO EUROLYSINE S.A.S. 41
36 Ideal AA profile (1/4) New INRA ideal AA profile Dose-responses trials have been performed Meta-analyses have been published A new official AA profile recommended by INRA Several publications Sève (1994) Gloaguen et al. (2013) Ideal AA profile for piglets AJINOMOTO EUROLYSINE S.A.S. 42
37 Ideal AA profile (2/4) New INRA ideal AA profile for piglets animales/2013-volume-26/numero pp /couverture-desbesoins-en-acides-amines-chez-leporcelet INRA SID Values (2013) FR Lys:Lys 100 Thr:Lys 65 Met:Lys 30 (Met+Cys):Lys 60 Trp:Lys 22 Val:Lys 70 Ile:Lys 52 Leu:Lys 101 His:Lys 31 Phe:Lys 54 (Phe+Tyr):Lys - Tyr:Lys 40 Ideal AA profile for piglets AJINOMOTO EUROLYSINE S.A.S. 43
38 Ideal AA profile (3/4) Updated AEL AA profile and comparison SID Values BSAS (2003) UK NRC (2012) USA VSP (2013) DK INRA (2013)* FR Ajinomoto Eurolysine (2013) SID Values Lys:Lys Lys:Lys Thr:Lys Thr:Lys Met:Lys Met:Lys (Met+Cys):Lys (Met+Cys):Lys Trp:Lys Trp:Lys Val:Lys Val:Lys Ile:Lys ** 53** Ile:Lys Leu:Lys Leu:Lys His:Lys His:Lys Phe:Lys Phe:Lys (Phe+Tyr):Lys (Phe+Tyr):Lys Tyr:Lys Tyr:Lys Indicatives recommended SID Lys levels: From 1.35 to 1.15% for 6-12 and kg piglet live weight respectively. *Gloaguen et al. (2013) **Requirement is given for blood-free diet Ideal AA profile for piglets AJINOMOTO EUROLYSINE S.A.S. 44
39 Reduction of protein Ideal AA profile for piglets AJINOMOTO EUROLYSINE S.A.S. 46
40 Wellock et al (2006) Effect of protein levels on fecal score of piglets Dietary CP 23% 18% 13% Ideal AA profile for piglets AJINOMOTO EUROLYSINE S.A.S.
41 Redução PB em em leitões Lordelo et al., 2008 Animais: dos 7 aos 23 kg, em jaulas individuais, 12 réplicas por tratamento Composição da dieta: 40 % Milho / 25% Trigo / Bag. Soja: 28% na dieta com alta PB e 18% na dieta com baixa PB + AA livres (L-Lys, DL Met, L-Thr, L-Trp, L-Val) PB % EN MJ/kg Lys SID % M+C % Relação SID com a Lys Thr % Trp % Val % Ile % Alta proteína Baixa proteína (-3.5 points) Baixa prot kg/t L-Val Ideal AA profile for piglets AJINOMOTO EUROLYSINE S.A.S.
42 GMD e Cons. (g/d) Lordelo et al., 2008 Redução PB em em leitões 932a 941a b a 571a b GMD Cons. d Alta proteína Baixa proteína Baixa proteína+ L-Valina As performances são mantidas quando o perfil de AA é controlado Ideal AA profile for piglets AJINOMOTO EUROLYSINE S.A.S.
43 Low crude protein diets (1/3) Efficient and Safe Reduction of undigested protein supply: Lower proliferation of bacteria and reduction of diarrhea Formulation based on EAA instead of CP: Lower proteic feedstuffs Possible cost savings Balanced AA profile Implementation of risk management Body weight (kg) Lordelo et al. (2008) 7-23 Jansman et al. (2008) Norgaard and Fernandez (2009) 9-21 Dietary CP (%) SID Lys (%) ADFI ADG (g/d) (g/d) FCR P AEL Ideal AA profile ns ns ns Reduction of nitrogen output Vinyeta et al. (2010) ns Gloaguen et al. (2013) ns Jansman et al. (2013) ns Ideal AA profile for piglets AJINOMOTO EUROLYSINE S.A.S. 50
44 Synthesis of the trials Protein does not explain the performance and can be reduced safely Effect of dietary Crude Protein levels on performance of piglets (8 to 25 kg LW) ADG in RED ADFI in BLUE FCR in GREEN ADG and ADFI (g/d) Dietary CP (%) Ideal AA profile for piglets AJINOMOTO EUROLYSINE S.A.S. Lordelo et al., 2008 Norgaard and Fernandez., 2009 Jansman et al., 2008 Vinyeta et al., SP08 FCR (g/g)
45 CONCLUSION A robust ideal AA profile AA predict performance and must be monitored with care in the diet It is important to know about requirement of the first limiting AAs and of the next one that will determine the dietary protein level Robust AA recommendations can be done on the basis of the available information This ideal AA profile allows to optimize feed recipes on each of the essential AA and to reduce dietary crude protein Ideal AA profile for piglets AJINOMOTO EUROLYSINE S.A.S. 53
46 Merci! Obrigado pela vossa atenção! Ideal AA profile for piglets AJINOMOTO EUROLYSINE S.A.S. 54
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