This report is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Bachelor of Computer Science (Software Development)

Transcription

1 Foreign worker appliition system at Ipoh Immigration Department / Siti Zaharah Sik. FOREIGN WORKER APPLICATION SYSTEM AT IPOH IMMIGRATION DEPARTMENT SIT1 ZAHARAH BINTI SIDEK This report is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Bachelor of Computer Science (Software Development) FACULTY OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY KOLEJ UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL KEBANGSAAN MALAYSIA 2006

2 ABSTRACT Foreign Worker Application System is a system that can facilitate employers to make an on-line application of foreign worker or maids passes through the internet. Foreign Worker Application System can facilitate staff at Ipoh Immigration Department to manage the application of foreign worker or maids passes more efficiency. The main objective in develop this system is to enhance the manual system to web based system. The system has been analyzed and designed using Structure System Analysis and Design (SSADM) methodology with Waterfall Model. Scope analysis is focus on the current system which Foreign Worker Application System is developed to transform this current system into electronic data management. With the use of Foreign Worker Application System, user can perform process such as registration, application, result of application, payment and download the related form. System testing is done to make sure system is he hm any error and fulfill user requirement. As a conclusion, to develop the system, developers need to define the problem, analysis the problem and design the system that will be develop. The developers also needed to implement, testing and maintenance the systems that have been developed.

3 Foreign Worker Application System (FWAS) merupakan sebuah sistem yang dapat memudahkan majikan untuk membuat permohonan pas pekerja asing atau pembantu nunah asing secara online melalui internet. Dengan adanya FWAS, ia akan memudahkan lagi pihak imigresen Ipoh untuk menguruskan permohonan pas pekerja asing atau pembantu rumah asing dengan lebih efisen. Objektif utama dalam membangunkan sistern ini ialah untuk menggantikan sistem manual kepada sistem yang berasaskan laman web. Sistem ini di analisis dan di rekabentuk dengan menggunakan metodologi Struktur Analisis dan Rekabentuk Sistem (SSADM) dengan Model Air Terjun (waterfall model). Skop kajian tertumpu kepada proses sistem semasa dan pengaplikasian sistern kepada konsep pengkomputeran. Dengan penggunaan sistem FWAS, pengguna dapat melaksanakan proses-proses seperti pendaftaran, permohonan, keputusan permohonan, pembayaran dan muat turun borang-borang yang berkaitan. Pengujian ke atas sistem turut dilakukan bagi memastikan sistem bebas dari sebarang ralat dan mengikut keperluan pengguna. Secara kesimpulannya, dalam membangunkan sesebuah sistem, pembangun sistem perlu mengenalpasti masalah, membuat analisis dan merekabentuk sistem yang ingin dibangunkan. Pembangun sistem juga perlu membuat implementasi, ujian dan penyelengaraan ke atas sistem yang dibangunkan.

4 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 PROJECT BACKGROUND Nowadays, the management regarding to the recruitment of foreign workers is not the simple work. More procedure needs to follow for foreign workers or maids application pass. The widespread usage of computer can support to solve the problem that related with the application of foreign workers or maids pass. Basically, the department that arranges this application is Immigration Department. The Foreign Worker Application System (FWAS) is to facilitate the public i.e. the employer in its dealings with the Ipoh Immigration department for application of foreign workers or maids pass. This system is website based whereby all application can be made based on the on-line concepts. All the while, the staff at Ipoh Immigration Department were using the manual system for processing application for the foreign workers and maids pass. Employer has to line up for purchasing the application forms and take long hours to complete the forms. This is not systematic and requires long hours to make an application. The manual system requires large amount of paper, large rooms for storing information files of employers.

5 With the availability of the Foreign Worker Application System, employer can make the application anywhere via the internet. This is due to the fact that the system provides application on-line. It can save time, costs effective and simplifies the sending of applications. When employers send their application, staff will check and process the application. The staff can make searches via employers ic number to browse the application. Via the searches, the staff can examine whether the application is complete or not. Staff can browse the name list of employer that has send their application and check their status. The system shall be more systematic and user fiiendly compared to the manual system used by the staff at Ipoh immigration department. The main purpose of the project is to develope the system based on the web based application system which is the application of foreign workers or maids pass can be done through the internet fiom anywhere. It also to help the staff at Ipoh immigration department to process all the application speedily and systematically. The purpose of this system is also to reduce the large storage usage in kept all the files are related with foreign worker and employer information. Besides, this system is developed to enhance the manual system. 1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT In conjunction with the globalization, many business organizations will have to depend on information technology to get its daily routine and business fhction done efficiently. From the observing and the interview at Ipoh Immigration Department, I found some problem that caused the manual system of application for foreign workers or maid is not systematic. The problems are as follows:

6 The process is done manually The main problems are the foreign workers or maid's application pass process is done manually. The application process is done sequentially where the employer must wait in a queue to get the foreign workers or maid application pass form. Then they must fill up the form and send to the staff at counter. After that they must wait for staff check the form. Then, the employer goes back and attends again at Ipoh Immigration department one month from the date of submission the application. To solve this problem, I decide to develop one system based on the web based which is the employer can make an on-line application for foreign workers or maids pass through the internet from anywhere. Redundancy of Data Entry The same information may enter by the different staff at Ipoh Immigration Department. For example, when employer comes to the department and make a registration, staff will record the information and give the id number for employer. The redundancy id number was occurring in manual system. But with this system, the id number is change with the IC number. It can reduce the redundancy of data entry. Need the big size of storage Staff at Ipoh Immigration Department needs the big size of storage to save the information of employer, foreign workers, application and others that related with the foreign worker. The space at Ipoh Immigration department is not enough to store all the documents of application. To solve this problem, I have to develop the system that can save all the information without big space. With this system, all the information will save in the database.

7 No experience to handle the computer Not all staff at Ipoh Immigration Department and public has knowledge to handle the system or computer. It will give a high risk and problem to other person. To solve this problem, this system is developed with the GUI (Graphic User Interface) and button to make the easy way for the novice user to class* what is the system need. Waste time consuming and money Register employer need to go to the Ipoh Immigration department to wait in a queue to buy the foreign workers or maids application pass form. Because of that, they can waste their time consuming and money. To solve this problem, I have to develop one system that can try to save the employer time consuming and money. 1.3 OBJECTIVES Every system that will be building has its own objective. The Foreign Worker Application System is built to overcome the problems that occur in the current system. There are a few objectives should be access to make sure the system operates properly, so user will satisfl and fulfill user requirements. The objectives of this project are: To produce a web based system This system is developed based on the web based for staff at Ipoh Immigration Department and public as registered employers used in makes an online application of foreign workers or maids pass. To produce an online application The purpose of this project was to design and produce an on-line application system by applying the latest technology and equipments.

8 This system can facilitate registered employers to apply foreign workers or maids pass. They can make an application through the internet fiom anywhere. To facilitate staff and reduce the large storage usage This system is also to facilitate immigration M manages the application of foreign workers or maids pass with more quickly and systematic. Besides, this system can reduce the large storage usage in kept all the files are related with the foreign workers and employers information. To save money and time consuming This system will help registered employers save their time consuming and money. With this system, all the application can be made an online concept. To enhance manual system This system also developed to enhance the manual system that staff at Ipoh Immigration department used for application of foreign workers or maids pass. 1.4 SCOPE The Foreign Worker Application System is developed to enhance the current system at Ipoh Immigration Department with more application. These system is developed only for the utilisation of the registered employer and M a t foreign worker division of Ipoh Immigration Department. The scope of this project includes:

9 a) An On-line application This system provides an application of foreign workers and maids pass based on the on-line application system. With this system, user as registered employers no needs to go to the immigration department to make an application for foreign workers or maids pass. They can make the application through the internet. They just came to the immigration department when they need to send the related document of application. b) Viewing information and statistic These system also provides information on procedural necessary for the employer to make an application of the foreign workers or maids pass. The registered employers can view the foreign workers or maid information by enter the foreign workers or maid number. The staff can browse list of registered employer that have sent their application to see if the application is complete or not before proceeding on the process. The staff also can view the statistic of foreign worker or maid application by sector or citizen and view the comment from employers. C) Registration The utilisation of the system, the employer need to register for obtaining the password before making the application. The IC number of employers is used as a id number. Then the data will be record in the database. It is important to prevent unauthorized disclosure of a data and user must to log in if they want to enter the system. There are several options in the main menu and user can select the option to proceed with the system.

10 d) Status of Application The registered employers will check their status of application by insert the IC number. The status of application consist approve, disapprove or postpone. The staff will check either the application is complete and fills the condition of foreign workers or maids application pass or not. Then the staff makes the decision to approve or not the application. e) Security system The registered employer can login and change their password from this modules. Staff at Ipoh Immigration Department also can login and change their password for security. With this module, unauthorized user cannot acces or explore on this system. Only the registered user and staff at Ipoh Immigration Department can used this system. f) Specific platform and technology This system is developed based on the web based technology and the platform of this system is windows. The system is intended to develop using PHP is the core programming language and MySQL to support the database storage. Microsoft Window XP Professional will be the most suitable platform for the development of FWAS. 1.5 PROJECT SIGNIFICANCE The project significance of this system is this system will be developed based on the on-line concept. This system is similar with a web based system. The web based approach is choose because this approach is easy to develop the system and easy to understand. Besides, this approach also can achieve from anywhere through the internet.

11 The user will get more benefit from this system. Among the benefit are the user 8s registered employer will have a better service from the Ipoh Immigration Department. This system is more important because it can help staff at Ipoh Immigration Department to manage the application of foreign workers or maids pass with more systematic. This systern is also can reduce an error in recorded the employers information, foreign workers information, and applications information. These systems can enhance the manual system on application of foreign workers or maids pass. The registered employers can used this system to make an on-line application of foreign workers or maids pass. The user's just fill the on-line form with entered the related information and send the application. All the information of application will save in the database of the system. Then, staff will check the application is completed or not before process the application. The manual system of foreign workers or maids pass is not systematic because they still used form on paper to make an application. Sometimes, the paper form lost from their saving. This cause they losing the information of application. But with this system, all application information will save in the database and staff is easy to find the information or data. These systems also allow user to add, deleted and update the information of employers and foreign workers or maids detail. For every application, the registered employers need to pay. For the payment, they just entered the bank slip number in the information of payment. From that, staff can check if the approval of application is already paid or not. This system can give more benefit not only for the Ipoh Immigration Department, but it also can give more benefit for user as the registered employers and staff. This system is also user friendly and attractive. All the process in this system is become more effective and efficiency.

12 1.6 EXPECTED OUTPUT The expected output is the illustration on how the system present at the end of the development. For this system, the expected output is this system will offer the features and function below: Registration The employers need to make a registration before make an application and used this system. This system provides the registration interface or form to facilitate user do the registration. When they have done do the registration, they can get password to make an application of foreign workers or maids pass. They will used the IC number as id to login the system. If the registration information is not completed, one message box will appear and request user to completed the registration information. On-line application form This system provides an on-line application form of foreign workers and maids pass. The registered employers can make an application through the internet fiom anywhere. All the application information will store in the database of the system. From that, staff can search the application information with entered the employer IC number and system will display the information of application. Display information This system also allowed the registered employers to view their personal details and information of application. These system also provides information on procedural necessary for the registered employers to make an application of the foreign workers or maids pass. The staff also can browse list of registered employers that have sent their application to see if the application is complete or not

13 before proceeding on the process. Staff also can view the statictic of application by sector or citizen as a reference to see how many foreign workers was applied for each sector and citizen. Status of application This system also can display the status of application for the registered employers. So, the registered employers can view their status via this system through the internet by enters the IC number. After that, they need to go to the Ipoh immigration department and can get the pass of foreign workers or house maids. Payment These systems also provide the payment interface for employers fill after they have done make a payment. The employers need to insert the bank slip number for staff check if they have been paid or not. Then they need to come at Ipoh immigration department to pickup the receipt. 1.7 CONCLUSION The objective and scope of the system has been identifies. It is to provide a basic idea on what are going to achieve at the end of the project, and what are the limitation of the project. The FWAS are developed to enhance the manual system that staff at Ipoh Immigration Department used. These systems also provide an on-line application for registered employers used to make an application of foreign workers or maids pass. It's also to help staff manage the arrangement of application more systematically and speedily.

14 As a conclusion, hopellly the developed system can help staff arrange the foreign workers or maid's application pass is done smoothly and systematic. In the next chapter, the literature review is done based on the project background, problem statements, objective and scope discussed in this chapter.

15 LITERATURE REVIEW AM) PROJECT METHODOLOGY 2.1 INTRODUCTION This literature review is conducted to identify important key points associated theory and previous, completed research. Methodology is the general selection and sequence of techniques capable of producing a range of software products. The literature has to be done fmt before proceeding to the development process it will an indepth understanding on Foreign Worker Application System at Ipoh Immigration Department. This chapter will explain about the research of another system that similar with the developed system. Also explain about the current system of foreign workers or maid's application process and comparisons between current systems (manual system) with the developed system. This chapter also discusses about the proposed solution including the technology, tools, methodology and models used. Project methodology that involved in developing this system is Structure System Analysis and Design Method (SSADM) using Waterfall Model and Gane-Sarson method to modeling the process of the system. The review of literature, methodology, information and resources will help in developing the Foreign Worker Application System for Ipoh Immigration Department.

16 2.2 FACT AND FINDING This section will discuss on the fact finding techniques that have been adopted to gather relevant information to be used in project development. Before developed the system, I have done to make a research for literature review at Ipoh Immigration Department, internet and books. From my observing and interview with the staff at Ipoh Immigration Department, they still used the manual system on application of foreign workers or maids pass. I also do the research with another system that similar with the developed system Fact And Finding Technique System analysis is one of the important tasks in the system development. Research will be conducted at this stage. Any related information is collected using the fact-fmding techniques, to gathering information on the system problem, opportunities and directives. This information is very important to determine the business and hctional requirement of the system at the early phase. The fact-finding techniques that used in this project are interviewing the staff at Ipoh Immigration Department, sampling of existing documentation on similar system, and observation on current system. Sample documentations of similar system are collected fiom Ipoh Immigration Department. Those documents are primarily white papers and pamphlet. It is one of the effective ways to study, analyze, and conclude on those documents. The good practices will be applied into this project. It is also crucial to obtain clearer view on existing system by observe on the similar system to this project. Observations can provide better understandiig of system

17 requirements and resources needed to develop this project. Besides that, observation on different kind of on-line application is also very essential where the format commonly used can be easily identified. Thus, this knowledge gained can be used to create welldesigned templates for the system Case Studies on Human Resources and Skills Development Website The department of Human Resources and Skills Development Canada (HRSDC) is responsible for providing all Canadians with the tools they need to thrive and prosper in the workplace and community through their website. One of the services that these website provide is foreign worker form. From this website, users need to download the application form, fill up and send to the HRSDC department to make an application of foreign worker. After that the department will process the application. This website cannot provide the user interface for user used to make an on-line application. It just views the related information for user. Any user can view and access this website because the website cannot provide the security system. More comparison between the HRSDC website and system that I want to developed. Firstly is about the foreign worker application. The HRSDC just provide the application form and user need to download the application form before send the application to the HRSDC department. It's also same with the manual system. But with the Foreign Worker Application System, user can make an on-line application without need to download the application form. Users just fill up the on-line application form and submit the application after settle it. Secondly is about the user interfaces. The HRSDC cannot provide the attractive user interface. But, Foreign Worker Application System provides the attractive user interface for user used. It's can easily the user to make an on-line application and using

18 this system. The HRSDC website not provides the security system. Any user can access and used this website. But, Foreign Worker Application System provides the security system. The new user need to register and get the password before used the system. It can prevent the system from unauthorized user hack the system. ' 2.23 Current System Scenario (Manual System) Staff at Ipoh Immigration Department still used the manual system for foreign workers or maids application pass. The foreign worker application process is done sequentially where the register employer must wait in a queue to buy the foreign workers or maids application form. Then they must fill up the form and send to the staff at counter. After that, they must wait for staff checked the form. Then the registered employer can goes back and attend again at Ipoh immigration department after one month from the date of submission the application. Besides, the lack of the manual system is all the information of foreign workers application needed the large storage to stored the file of foreign worker application information. Then, a lot of file usage is not efficient to used because the size of file is very big and not safety. Everybody can take the file because it just saves in the cabinet without security. Then, the registered employers also needed to go to the immigration department and wait in a queue to get the turn number and application form. Beside that, the manual systems also not provide the information of procedural for foreign worker applications. Because of that, the users as the registered employers don't know how to make an application of foreign worker. They are required to go to the counter in order to gain the information or asking for any problem. To check the status of application, employers need to come to the Ipoh immigration department or contact the staff. Staff will check the status of application by

19 searching fkom one file to another file of that employer. Because of that, they waste their time in search the employers file to check the status of application. The updating of data is also done manually which is employers needs to fill the update form and send to the staff. Then, staff will keep the form into the employers file. Because of that, the file is full and need to change with the new file. The space for file storage at Ipoh Immigration Department is small. So with the pile up of file, Ipoh Immigration Department became crowded Comparison between the current system and FWAS At the end of my analysis about the current system at Ipoh Immigration Department, I had identified the main problem that staff had. From the review and observing that I have done there several comparisons between current system and the system that will develop. Below is the table of comparisons:- Table 2.1 : Comparisons between Current System and FWAS Characteristic 1. User Interfaces 2. Data Storage Current System (Manually System) - Still used the paper application form for foreign worker or maid's application pass. - Need the large size of storage to store all the information about foreign worker application. - Used file that had been put in the specific cabinet. Foreign Worker Application System - Provides the attractive user interfaces and an on-line application form. - No need the large size of storage. - Used static database storage for storing the information of foreign worker application.

20 3. Sear~h Function 4. View Function - File search will be done manually by the staff. - Need to check the entire file that they have in the cabinet. - Not provides the procedural information of foreign worker - Data can be retrieving faster by using search function that had been providing in the system. - Just enter the related id to search the information. - Provides the procedural information of foreign worker -. application. application. - Provides the statistic of foreign worker application by sector and citizen for Security Function - Not provides the security system. year. - Provides the security system with the registration of user to get the password to access the system. 23 PROJECT METHODOLOGY Systems development requires the choosing of the appropriate methodologies, process and techniques. This happens to be one of the early and critical steps in order for an effective project. A systems developer should know the definitions of the methodologies, processes and techniques that are to be used throughout the work period. According to Wall Muller (1 990), methodologies are a list of activities used in order to solve a problem regarding systematic work or process. Methodology also provides a set of techniques that can be used for certain activities. These techniques are

21 . usually graphical for modeling a system so that the developer can view the workflow of a process and the overall system that is being developed. Process is the approach that will be used in order to reach specified and set objectives before a system is developed. Technique is the combination of principles, processes, formulae, or work tools. Methodology type can be dividing to two paths which is structured methodology and object oriented methodology. There is variety of model that use in the system development. Some of the example for methodology structured is waterfall model, spiral model and prototyping model. In the process to develop this system, the SSADM and waterfall model is used as the methodology Introduction of Structure System Analysis and Design Methodology (SSADM) The Structured Systems Analysis and Design Method (SSADM) was developed by LBMS in for CCTA, the UK government IT agency. Version 1 was designed to support government IT staff in replacing large, tape-based, serial batch processing systems with redesigned systems reflecting updated user requirements, implemented in 3rd generation languages, and running on database platforms. SSADM (Structured Systems Analysis and Design Methodology) is a methodology (Def. a system of ways of doing things especially regular and orderly procedures), used in the analysis and design stages of systems development. "SSADM has been used by the government in computing since its launch in It was commissioned by the CCTA (Central Computing and Telecommunications Agency) in a bid to standardize the many and varied IT projects being developed across government departments. The CCTA investigated a number of approaches before accepting a tender fiom Learmonth & Burchett Management Systems to develop a method." (Eva, SSADM Version 4 -A Users Guide)

22 Since 1981 SSADM has been further refined and version 4 was launched in SSADM is an open standard, i.e. it is freely available for use in industry and many companies offer support, training and Case tools for it. SSADM adopts the Waterfall model of systems development, where each phase has to be completed and signed off before subsequent phases can begin. SSADM methodology provides a framework for describing a project by identifjhg and splitting the application into modules, stages, steps and tasks and developed in the 1980's with the following objectives. The objective is: Ensure that projects can successfully continue should a loss of staff occur without a damaging effect on the project. Develop overall better quality systems. Improve the way in which projects are controlled and managed. Allow more effective use of experienced and inexperienced staff and their development. Make it possible for projects to be supported by computer based tools e.g. computer-aided software engineering systems. Improve communication between participants in a project so an effective framework is in place.

23 @7%MB 111 Stud, *- Syster Analys -:: --if/ I Sfitem Design 'L *a SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE Figure 2.1 : Five Step in SSADM From the research that been done, the advantages of using SSADM methodology is the framework used not only provides the techniques for the designer and analyst, it also provides the necessary guidance on how and when to use them. Furthermore SSADM is a very flexible framework and can be adapted to suit the needs of individual projects on their own merits. Beside that, SSADM is regarded as one of the most mature methods and it has been constantly reviewed and adapted to ensure its usability and practicality. One of the major advantages of using SSADM is that it builds up various views of the system which are used to cross check one another. Each of the views is closely linked and related and by cross checking, consistency and completeness can be assured. These methodologies using the waterfall model to develop this system.

24 23.2 Waterfall Model Life Cycle Methodology that will be used in this project is Waterfall Model. The version for this model is popular in Structure System Analysis and Design (SSADM) especially in software engineering. It always using traditional approach which using parallel method. The advantage this model is control the management for every development phases in efficiently. The Waterfall Model is the earliest method of structured system development. Although it has come under attack in recent years for being too rigid and unrealistic when it comes to quickly meeting customer's needs, the Waterfall Model is still widely used. It is attributed with providing the theoretical basis for other Process Models, because it most closely resembles a "generic" model for software development. According to Thomas J.C (1999), Waterfall Model is an organized set of activities that guides those involved through the development of an information system. Some activities in the Waterfall Model may be performed at same time, while other activities are performed sequentially. The duration of the specific activities varies from one system to next depend on type and complexity of the information system. The Waterfall Model consist 6 phase. Below is the figure of Waterfall Model and description for each phase:

25 w Maintenance I Figure 2.2: Waterfall Model Preliminary Investigation The purpose of preliminary investigation phase is to determine whether or not the problem or enhancement identified in a project request me worth pursuing. The most important aspect of the preliminary investigation begins with an interview of the user who in charge in the new system. In this phase, system developer will have to find out information of the existing system, the benefits of the new system and feasibility of new system. There are some fact-finding technique will be used to define the perceived problems, risk of pursuing the system, establishes the scope of new system, preliminary requirements and constraints. System developer will meet with the M a t Ipoh Immigration Department to discuss the system request. Besides

26 that, system developer will review questionnaires from several users of the new system. From here, system developer can proceeded in establishing the scope, preliminary requirements and constraints, project participation and schedule. Ultimately, the stage concludes by means of the system owner agrees with the proposed scope. Requirements Analysis This step refers to the gathering of system requirements, with the goal of determining how these requirements will be accommodated in the system. Extensive communication between the customer and the developer is essential. During system analysis phase, system developer will study and analysis the existing system. Then, the system developer will gather user requirements fiom users. Lastly, system developer will present alternative solution to the problem and then recommend a proposed solution. System developers will interview with staff at Ipoh Immigration Department to understand the process of foreign worker application at Ipoh Immigration Department such as how the employers make an application for foreign workers or maids pass. Besides that, system developers will observe on how the management divides the property to each district and take information about it. System Design Once the requirements have been collected and analyzed, it is necessary to identify in detail how the system will be constructed to perform necessary tasks. More specifically, the System Design phase is focused on the data requirements, the software construction, and the interface construction.

27 In this phase, system developers will define the structure of each table in the system as well as relationships among the tables by using Entity Relationship Diagram. System developers will define user access privileges, when user can access the data elements, what actions they can perform in the data elements and under what circumstances they can access the elements. In addition, system developers will design the interface of the system by using Macromedia Dreamweaver MX Lastly, use the Data Flow Diagram (DFD) to design the process that involves in the system. Implementation The purpose of implementation is to construct, or build the new or enhanced system and then deliver it to the users. The final implementation of the system will includes system installation on the various computers that will be used. It will also include managing the transition from the old system to new systems for the client and preparing a system conversion plan. This will involve careful risk management and staff training. Once the system has been tested satisfactorily, it is delivered to the user and installed for used. During this phase, system developers will write the coding of the system. They will use PHP, JavaScript and MySQL to develop the system. Testing As the software is created and added to the developing system, testing is performed to ensure that it is working correctly and efficiently. Testing is generally focused on two areas. That is internal efficiency and external effectiveness. The goal of testing is to ensure that the system runs correctly and is error free.