Manufacturing Systems Modeling and Analysis

Transcription

1 Guy L. Curry Richard M. Feldman Manufacturing Systems Modeling and Analysis 4y Springer

2 1 Basic Probability Review Basic Definitions Random Variables and Distribution Functions Mean and Variance Important Distributions Multivariate Distributions Combinations of Random Variables Fixed Sum of Random Variables Random Sum of Random Variables Mixtures of Random Variables 34 Appendix 35 Problems 36 References 43 2 Introduction to Factory Models The Basics / Notation, Definitions and Diagrams Measured Data and System Parameters Introduction to Factory Performance The Modeling Method Model Usage Model Conclusions Deterministic vs Stochastic Models 60 Appendix 62 Problems 65 References v 67 3 Single Workstation Factory Models FirstModel Diagram Method for Developing the Balance Equations Model Shorthand Notation 76

3 3.4 An Infinite Capacity Model (M/M/l) Multiple Server Systems with Non-identical Service Rates Using Exponentials to Approximate General Times Erlang Processing Times Erlang Inter-Arrival Times Phased Inter-arrival and Processing Times Single Server Model Approximations General Service Distributions Approximations for G/G/l Systems Approximations for G/G/c Systems 95 Appendix 97 Problems 100 References 107 Processing Time Variability Natural Processing Time Variability Ill 4.2 Random Breakdowns and Repairs During Processing 113 Problems 121 References 123 Multiple-Stage Single-Product Factory Models Approximating the Departure Process from a Workstation Serial Systems Decomposition Nonserial Network Models Merging Inflow Streams Random Splitting of the Departure Stream The General Network Approximation Model Computing Workstation Mean Arrival Rates Computing Squared Coefficients of Variation for Arrivals Appendix '. 150 Problems 152 References 157 Multiple Product Factory Models Product Flow Rates Workstation Workloads.' Service Time Characteristics Workstation Performance Measures Processing Step Modeling Paradigm Service Time Characteristics Performance Measures Group Technology and Cellular Manufacturing 177 Problems 184 References 196

4 xi 7 Models of Various Forms of Batching Batch Moves Batch Forming Time Batch Queue Cycle Time Batch Move Processing Time Delays Inter-departure Time SCV with Batch Move Arrivals Batching for Setup Reduction Inter-departure Time SCV with Batch Setups Batch Service Model Cycle Time for Batch Service Departure Process for Batch Service Modeling the Workstation Following a Batch Server A Serial System Topology Branching Following a Batch Server Batch Network Examples Batch Network Example Batch Network Example Problems 230 References WIP Limiting Control Strategies Closed Queueing Networks for Single Products Analysis with Exponential Processing Times Analysis with General Processing Times Closed Queueing Networks with Multiple Products Mean Value Analysis for Multiple Products Mean Value Analysis Approximation for Multiple Products General Service Time Approximation for Multiple Products : Production and Sequencing Strategies: A case study Problem Statement Push Strategy Model CONWIP Strategy Model 271 Appendix 272 Problems 273 References Serial Limited Buffer Models The Decomposition Approach used for Kanban Systems Modeling The Two-Node Subsystem Modeling the Service Distribution Structure of the State-Space Generator Matrix Relating System Probabilities Connecting the Subsystems 291

5 xii Contents 9.3 Example of a Kanban Serial System The First Forward Pass The Backward Pass The Remaining Iterations Convergence and Factory Performance Measures Generalizations Setting Kanban Limits Allocating a Fixed Number of Buffer Units Cycle Time Restriction Serial Factory Results 316 Problems 317 References 320 Glossary 321 Index 325