Louisiana. First-Time College Freshmen State Report. Fall August Paul G. Pastorek, State Superintendent of Education

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1 Louisiana First-Time College Freshmen State Report Fall 2006 August 2007 Paul G. Pastorek, State Superintendent of Education

2 State Board of Elementary and Secondary Education Ms. Linda Johnson President 8th BESE District Ms. Penny Dastugue 1st BESE District Mr. Walter Lee 4th BESE District Mr. Edgar Chase Member-at-Large Ms. Leslie Jacobs Vice President Member-at-Large Ms. Louella Givens 2nd BESE District Dr. James Stafford 5th BESE District Ms. Mary Washington Member-at-Large Mr. Dale Bayard Secretary-Treasurer 7th BESE District Ms. Glenny Lee Buquet 3rd BESE District Ms. Polly Broussard 6th BESE District Ms. Weegie Peabody Executive Director For further information, contact: Janice M. Ducote Division of Planning, Analysis and Information Resources Telephone: (225) ; Toll free helpline: Website: The Louisiana Department of Education (LDE) does not discriminate on the basis of sex in any of the education programs or activities that it operates, including employment and admission related to such programs and activities. The LDE is required by Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 (Title IX) and its implementing regulations not to engage in such discrimination. LDE s Title IX Coord. is Patrick Weaver, Deputy Undersecretary, LDE, Exec. Office of the Supt.; PO Box 94064, Baton Rouge, LA ; or customerservice@la.gov. All inquiries pertaining to LDE s policy prohibiting discrimination based on sex or to the requirements of Title IX and its implementing regulations can be directed to Patrick Weaver or to the USDE, Asst. Sec. for Civil Rights. This public document was printed at a cost of $ Thirty (30) copies were printed in the first printing at a cost of $ This document was published by the Louisiana Department of Education; Office of Management and Finance, Division of Planning, Analysis and Information Resources; P.O. Box 94064, Baton Rouge, LA , to provide information on the college preparedness of Louisiana high school graduates, under authority of R.S. 17: This material was printed in accordance with the standards for printing by state agencies established pursuant to R. S. 43:31.

3 LIST OF EXHIBITS... ii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY... iii LONGITUDINAL RESULTS (LR)... iv INTRODUCTION... 1 HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATES Graduates... 2 Demographics of High School Graduates... 2 Changes in Graduate Counts... 2 COLLEGE-GOING RATES AND LOUISIANA CLASSES... 3 Fall 2006 Enrollments and College-Going Rates... 3 Changes in the College-Going Rates... 4 Demographics of Fall 2006 Class... 4 Public School District Analysis of... 6 Colleges/Universities That Enrolled Fall TABLE OF CONTENTS COLLEGE READINESS MEASURES...11 The American College Test (ACT)...11 Performance of Classes on the ACT...11 Developmental Course Enrollment Rates...13 Changes in Developmental Rates...15 Demographics of Fall 2006 Developmental...15 ACT Performance of Fall 2006 Developmental...17 Developmental Enrollment Rates by Subjects...17 Public School District Analysis of Developmental Rates (Overall Rates)...18 Developmental Rates by Number of Subjects Taken...22 and Developmental Rates by College/University...23 SUCCESSFUL COMPLETION OF THE FIRST COLLEGE TERM...27 Percent of 2006 in Good Academic...27 Changes in Percent of in Good Academic...27 Demographics of Successful Fall SCHOOL-LEVEL RESULTS...29 Index for Schools in Exhibit SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIALS...57 History of the Program...57 Data Collection...58 Data Sources...59 Provision of Developmental Courses...61 Louisiana Technical College Data on Recent High School Graduates...62 Migration Studies...63 GLOSSARY OF TERMS...64 REFERENCES...66 i

4 Exhibit LR1 Fall 2001 to Fall All Schools... iv Exhibit LR2 Fall 2001 to Fall Public Schools... iv Exhibit LR3 Fall 2001 to Fall Nonpublic Schools...v Exhibit High School Graduates Summary... 2 Exhibit 2 Total Number of Louisiana Graduates ( Through )... 2 Exhibit 3 Fall 2006 Summary... 3 Exhibit 4 Louisiana and National College-Going Rates (Fall 2002 Through Fall 2006)... 4 Exhibit 5 Demographics of Fall Exhibit 6 Number and Percentage of and Public School Graduates That Became by District... 7 Exhibit 7 Percentage of Enrolled Full-Time Students by Institution Type and Control (Public/Nonpublic) Exhibit 8 Average ACT Composite Scores, 2002 to Exhibit vs Average ACT Scores Exhibit 10 Fall 2006 Summary of Developmental Course Enrollment Rates (Dev. Rates) LIST OF EXHIBITS Exhibit 11 Percent of Classes That Enrolled in Developmental Courses (Fall 2002 Through Fall 2006)...15 Exhibit 12 Demographics of Fall 2006 Developmental...16 Exhibit vs Average ACT Composite Scores of Louisiana Developmental...17 Exhibit 14 Developmental Enrollments by Subject ( from Public and Nonpublic Schools), Fall 2002 to Fall Exhibit 15 Developmental Enrollments by Subject ( from Public Schools), Fall 2002 to Fall Exhibit 16 Fall 2005 and Fall 2006 Developmental Rates of Public School Districts...19 Exhibit 17 Percentage of Fall 2006 Enrolled in Developmental Subjects by Number of Subjects Taken...22 Exhibit 18 Longitudinal Trends in Number of Developmental Subjects Taken, Fall 2002 Through Fall Exhibit 19 Fall 2006 Who Received Developmental Instruction by Institution and Subject...24 Exhibit 20 Percentage of Who Completed the Fall 2006 Term in Good Academic...27 ii Exhibit 21 Percent of in Good Academic (Fall 2002 Through Fall 2006)...27 Exhibit 22 Average ACT Composite Scores of Louisiana who were in Good Academic...27 Exhibit 23 Demographics of Fall 2006 Who Were in Good Academic...28 Exhibit 24 Louisiana Schools That Produced Graduates and/or Fall 2006 First-Time Freshmen...30 Exhibit 25 Summary of Data Sources Used in the Fall 2006 First-Time Freshmen Program...60 Exhibit 26 Percentages of Colleges in Louisiana Providing Developmental Courses in Fall 2005 and Fall Exhibit 27 Average ACT Composite Scores of Louisiana Technical College Students...62 Exhibit 28 Percentage of Fall 2006 LTC Students Who Completed The Fall 2006 Term in Good Academic...62 Exhibit 29 Summary of Migration Statistics, Students Attending Colleges Outside of Louisiana...63

5 The Louisiana First-Time College Freshmen State Report: Fall 2006 provides findings pertaining to graduates who were enrolled as full-time first-time freshmen () in one of 33 Louisiana colleges/ universities in Fall The following summarizes data reported during the study of Fall Graduates Of the 41,070 graduates of , 81% were from public schools and 19% were from nonpublic schools. About 54 the graduates were females; 64% were White students, and the percent of ethnic minority graduates was 36%. The total number of graduates has been decreasing since when there were 46,776 graduates. College-Going Rates and Enrollment Data Of the 41,070 public and nonpublic school graduates, 51% (21,023) were enrolled as Fall 2006, increasing from the state s Fall 2005 collegegoing rate of 45% (19,812). From Fall 2005 to Fall 2006, college-going rates also increased for the from nonpublic schools (58% to 72%), and from public schools (42% to 46%). In Fall 2006, 33 public school districts experienced an increase in college-going rates. Thirty-two districts decreased their college-going rates and three districts sustained their college-going rates. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Louisiana s total number of increased from Fall 2001 to Fall After the 2005 hurricanes/ disasters, the total number of was 19,812 in Fall 2005, but then increased to 21,023 in Fall In Louisiana, classes tend to have more female students (57% in Fall 2005; 58% in Fall 2006). Members of five ethnic subgroups enroll as, but 69 the 2006 and 2005 were White students. From Fall 2005 to Fall 2006, increasing percents of enrolled at 2-year public campuses (12.8% to 15.7%) or at 4-year nonpublic campuses (2.2% to 5.8%). The percent of enrolled at 4-year public campuses was 85% (2005), falling to 78.5% (2006). College-Readiness Measures The average American College Test (ACT) composite score for the entire class increased from 21.4 in Fall 2005 to 21.5 in Fall The percent of Fall 2006 with ACT composite scores that were 20 or above increased to 69.8%. The Fall 2006 overall developmental rate of from nonpublic high schools remained at 18%. Increases were noted in the overall developmental rates of the from public high schools (from 28% to 29%) and of the entire class (25% to 26%). Fall 2006 developmental rates decreased in 30 public school districts, suggesting that from these districts had less need for developmental courses. While developmental rates were sustained in 3 districts, Fall 2006 developmental rates increased in 35 school districts. From Fall 2005 to Fall 2006, percents of all enrolled in developmental subjects were as follows: four subjects increased from 0.31% to 0.34%; three subjects increased from 2% to 3%; two subjects remained at 5%; one subject remained at 18%; and zero subjects, declined from 75% to 74%. In Fall 2006, developmental mathematics enrollment rates were the same as in Fall 2005 for the entire class (21%), for from public high schools (22%), and for from nonpublic high schools (15%). Also, increased enrollment rates were noted in developmental English courses, in developmental reading courses, and in other developmental courses for the entire class, for public high school, and for nonpublic high school. Successful Completion The percentage of the entire class in good academic standing at the end of the Fall term continued to decline, falling from 87% in Fall 2005 to 86% in Fall For additional state-level Longitudinal Results (LR) from Fall 2001 to Fall 2006, please see Exhibits LR1, LR2, and LR3 on the following pages. iii

6 LONGITUDINAL RESULTS (LR) Exhibit LR1: Fall 2001 to Fall All Schools Graduates of School Year Fall Term Graduates* Fall 2001 Class 46,776 20, Fall 2002 Class 46,473 21, Fall 2003 Class 46,334 23, Fall 2004 Class 45,589 23, Fall 2005 Class 44,373 19, Fall 2006 Class 41,070 21,023 Dev Dev # in Good % in Good 44% 7,390 36% 18,586 89% 46% 7,748 36% 19,228 90% 50% 7,635 33% 20,862 90% 51% 6,792 29% 20,458 88% 45% 4,990 25% 17,157 87% 51% 5,463 26% 18,124 86% *Includes the diploma graduates of public and nonpublic high schools for the school year indicated in the first column. Graduates of School Year Fall Term Exhibit LR2: Fall 2001 to Fall 2006 Public Schools Graduates* Dev Dev # in Good % in Good Fall 2001 Class 38,314 15,299 40% 5,900 39% 13,567 89% Fall 2002 Class 37,905 15,925 42% 6,293 40% 14,184 89% Fall 2003 Class 37,608 17,490 47% 6,361 36% 15,540 89% Fall 2004 Class 37,017 17,350 47% 5,567 32% 15,047 87% Fall 2005 Class 36,007 14,940 42% 4,120 28% 12,698 85% Fall 2006 Class 33,275 15,390 46% 4,424 29% 13,053 85% *Includes the diploma graduates of public high schools for the school year indicated in the first column. iv

7 Graduates of School Year Fall Term Exhibit LR3: Fall 2001 to Fall Nonpublic Schools Graduates* Dev Dev # in Good % in Good Fall 2001 Class 8,462 5,488 65% 1,490 27% 5,019 91% Fall 2002 Class 8,568 5,485 64% 1,455 27% 5,044 92% Fall 2003 Class 8,726 5,708 65% 1,274 22% 5,322 93% Fall 2004 Class 8,572 5,868 68% 1,225 21% 5,411 92% Fall 2005 Class 8,366 4,872 58% % 4,459 92% Fall 2006 Class 7,795 5,633 72% 1,039 18% 5,071 90% *Includes the diploma graduates of nonpublic high schools for the school year indicated in the first column. v

8 In response to legislation (La. R. S. 17: 1814 and R. S. 17:3912), the Louisiana First-Time Freshmen Program ( Program) was designed and implemented to provide for the annual collection, analysis, and reporting of data on recent high school diploma graduates who made an immediate transition to college. With respect to the 2006 Program, efforts were made to track the high school diploma graduates of school year when they enrolled on a full-time basis as Fall 2006 first-time freshmen () and attended in-state colleges/universities. The Louisiana First-Time College Freshmen State Report: Fall 2006 is the 20 th state-level report released by the Louisiana Department of Education (LDE). For historical information about the Program, a glossary, and discussions of Data Collection and the Data Sources, please see the Supplementary Materials section of this document. Users of the findings are often interested in longitudinal results (LR), thus selected statistics for multiple years of the Program are in Exhibits LR1, LR2, and LR3, which follow the Executive Summary. Longitudinal results are also discussed throughout this report. Findings and data for 2005 should be used with caution. Data for 2006 is more complete, and provides valuable information on Louisiana s recent graduates who began college in Fall While college/university campuses that were very disrupted in Fall 2005 have resumed operations, it is possible that each campus has not returned to its pre-disaster levels of enrolling recent high school graduates as full-time. INTRODUCTION Some college/university campuses had to restructure their programs and may have changed the courses offered to. At all educational levels, students, faculty, and other staff are still displaced. Several public school districts also experienced enrollment shifts during school year , and life in Louisiana is different than it was before the disasters of However, 33 colleges/universities offered 2-year or 4-year degree programs and participated in the study of the Fall This is the same number of campuses that participated in the study of Fall The statistics of this report should indicate how the high school graduates, who remained in Louisiana, were served in Fall As in previous years, enrolled at in-state colleges/universities were studied by examining the college-going rates, demographic characteristics of the, and enrollment of in developmental courses. The performance of who had taken the American College Test (ACT) and the who had successfully completed their first term of college were also investigated. This state-level Fall 2006 report has the following major sections: Executive Summary and Longitudinal Results, Introduction, High School Graduates, College-Going Rates and Louisiana Classes, College Readiness Measures, Successful Completion of the First College Term, 2006 School-Level Results, and Supplementary Materials. The state-level Fall 2006 report and the related data reports are available on the LDE website at Various reports of previous Program years are also available on the LDE website. The Louisiana Department of Education would like to acknowledge the following for contributing data for this study. Without their cooperation, this report would not have been possible. Employees of: The Louisiana Board of Regents (BOR), The 25 public colleges/universities and Centenary College that submitted data to BOR, The Louisiana Technical College campuses that submitted data to BOR, The seven nonpublic colleges/universities that submitted data to LDE, and Each college/university, who responded to a recent survey about the campuses. The Department would also like to thank the following organizations for their websites, from which additional information was drawn. American College Testing (ACT), Inc., The Louisiana Board of Regents, The Louisiana Technical College Network, and The National Center for Education Statistics (NCES). 1

9 Graduates As in other years, most of the graduates came from Louisiana public schools (81% or 33,275) (Exhibit 1). Only 19% (or 7,795) of the graduates were from nonpublic schools. Exhibit High School Graduates Summary Graduates Of: Number Percent Public Schools 33,275 Nonpublic Schools 7,795 Public and Nonpublic Schools Combined 41,070 81% 19% 100% Demographics of High School Graduates In , there were a total of 41,070 public and nonpublic school graduates; 54% were females and 46% were males. White students made up the largest proportion of the graduates with 64%, followed by Black students (32%), Asian (1.9%), Hispanic (1.7%), and American Indian (0.6%). The percentage of White graduates increased by approximately 3%, while the percentage of Black graduates decreased by 2.7 percentage points, and the percentage of American Indian graduates declined by 0.2 percentage points. HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATES More information on recent graduates and/or high school students can be found in the following documents: Annual Financial and Statistical Report , 157 th Edition District Composite Reports The Graduating Class of 2006, Louisiana ACT Scores LEAP, GEE, and The Iowa Tests, Multi-Year State/District Test Results Summary Louisiana State Education Progress Report Changes in Graduate Counts According to Hussar and Bailey (2006, Table 24), the nation s number of high school graduates was projected as 3,176,000. The nation s number of high school graduates has been increasing from school years through Longitudinal data (Exhibit 2) indicate that Louisiana s total number of diploma graduates decreased by: 11.6% (or approximately 5,400 graduates) since the school year. 3,303 graduates (44,373 graduates in to 41,070 graduates in ). Despite the decreasing number of graduates in Louisiana, the percentage of recent graduates becoming has been increasing (Exhibit 4), with the exception of the 2005 class. 47,500 46,000 44,500 43,000 41,500 40,000 Exhibit 2 Total Number of Louisiana Graduates ( Through ) 46,473 46,334 45,589 44,373 41,

10 Fall 2006 Enrollments and College-Going Rates Louisiana s 2006 are the high school diploma graduates from public and nonpublic schools (Exhibit 3). The total number of in Fall 2006 was 21,023 increasing by 1,211 students from the Fall 2005 enrollment. About 73.2 the Fall 2006 were graduates of Louisiana public schools and 26.8% were graduates of nonpublic schools. COLLEGE-GOING RATES AND LOUISIANA CLASSES The overall college-going rate was 51% for the graduates of all high schools combined. The college-going rate of nonpublic high school graduates (72%) exceeded that of the public high school graduates (46%). Exhibit 3 Fall 2006 Summary For Fall 2006, the overall college-going rate was greater for enrolled at 4-year campuses (43%) than for enrolled at 2-year campuses (8%). In terms of college destinations, the largest collegegoing rate of 63% was found for the graduates of nonpublic high schools who enrolled at Louisiana s 4-year campuses in Fall High School Graduates Public Schools Nonpublic Schools Public and Nonpublic Schools Combined Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Total Graduates 33,275 81% 7,795 19% Number of College-Going Rates Number of College-Going Rates 41, % Number of College-Going Rates Graduates Who were Fall 2006 at All Participating Colleges 15,390 46% 5,633 72% 21,023* 51% Graduates Who were Fall 2006 at 2-Year Colleges 2,604 8% 699 9% 3,303 8% Graduates Who were Fall 2006 at 4-Year Colleges 12,786 38% 4,934 63% 17,720 43% *This total includes 139 Fall 2006 who came from 11 school sites for which graduate counts were not reported. 3

11 Changes in the College-Going Rates When considering the type of high school (Exhibit 3), Louisiana s Fall 2006 college-going rates increased compared to Fall 2005 for all graduates of: public high schools (from 42% to 46%) and nonpublic high schools (from 58% to 72%). In terms of college destinations, Louisiana s Fall 2006 college-going rates of at 2-year colleges increased by two percentage points, but by about four percentage points for all at 4-year colleges. Fall 2006 collegegoing rates compared to Fall 2005 for at 4-year campuses who were: public school graduates increased from 36% to 38%. nonpublic school graduates increased from 52% to 63%. The nation s college-going rate for 2006 was not yet available, but national college-going rates for earlier years [reported by the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES, 2007, Table 25-1)] are shown in Exhibit 4, along with Louisiana s college-going rates. The national collegegoing rates are higher than the Louisiana college-going rates. This may be the case because the national rates include high school completers who obtained something other than a regular high school diploma. As shown in Exhibit 4, Louisiana experienced a decrease in the percentage of graduates who became in 2005 (45%). However, by Fall 2006, Louisiana s college-going rate had returned to 51%, as it had been prior to the disasters of % 70% 65% 60% 55% 50% 45% 40% Exhibit 4 Louisiana and National College-Going Rates (Fall 2002 Through Fall 2006) 65% 46% 64% 50% 67% 51% 45% 69% 51% Fall 2002 Fall 2003 Fall 2004 Fall 2005 Fall 2006 Louisiana College-Going Rates National College-Going Rates 4 Demographics of Fall 2006 Class As shown in Exhibit 5, the Fall 2006 were predominantly females (58%) and the majority were White (69%). In 2006, the number of in the American Indian/ Alaskan Native subgroup declined, but the number of in the four remaining ethnic subgroups increased. The number of whose ethnic subgroup was not available also increased, from 9 to 31. The percentage of Fall 2006 who were of the Black subgroup declined from 28% to 26%. The percentage of Fall 2006 who were of the Hispanic subgroup increased from 1% to 2%. The percentage of Asian/Pacific Islander in 2006 was also up slightly. Comparable information for the nation s Fall 2006 class is not available, but the projected national number of full-time undergraduates for 2006 is 9,610,000. The majority of the 2006 undergraduates were expected to be female students (NCES, 2007, Table 8-1). By using demographic data for the nation s undergraduates who enrolled in postsecondary institutions, it was estimated that the nation s undergraduate Fall 2005 class was: 57% female and 43% male (Knapp, Kelly-Reid, Whitmore, and Miller, 2007, Table 1); 63% White, 12% Black, and 11% Hispanic (Knapp, et al., 2007, Table 1); and 17.5% were first-time undergraduates (Knapp, et al., 2007, Table A-3).

12 Exhibit 5 Demographics of Fall 2006 * All Louisiana Fall 2006 Public Schools Nonpublic Schools Public and Nonpublic Schools Combined By Gender: Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent of All in the Class Female 9,153 59% 2,968 53% 12,121 57% 58% Male 6,237 41% 2,665 47% 8,902 43% 42% By Ethnic Subgroup: Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent of All in the Class American Indian/Alaskan Native 80 <1% 10 <1% 90 <1% <1% Asian/Pacific Islander 398 3% 95 2% 493 <2% 2% Black 5,004 33% 521 9% 5,525 28% 26% Hispanic 220 1% 105 2% 325 1% 2% White 9,688 63% 4,871 86% 14,559 69% 69% Ethnicity Not Available 0 0% 31 <1% 31 <1% <1% Totals of : 15, % 5, % 21,023 *The gender, ethnic, and high school type for each Fall 2006 were drawn from BOR/nonpublic college data files and/or the Student Transcript System (STS). For the of public schools, the Student Information System (SIS) was also a source of these data. 5

13 Public School District Analysis of In this section, the focus is on the of public school districts. Please note that the college-going rates reported in this document for Fall 2005 and for Fall 2006 are based upon enrollment data, collected after the disasters of Fall 2005 findings are based on data reported by 23 college/university campuses, whereas Fall 2006 data are based on data reported by 33 campuses. However, students included in the graduate counts were high school seniors before the 2005 hurricanes, but the students included in the graduate counts were high school seniors immediately following the disasters of Exhibit 6 provides district-level statistics on the number and percentage of Louisiana s and public school graduates who were full-time in Louisiana. An asterisk (*) indicates districts severely affected by the 2005 disasters. The nine districts impacted by Hurricane Katrina were the City of Bogalusa, Jefferson, Orleans, Plaquemines, St. Bernard, St. Charles, St. Tammany, Tangipahoa, and Washington. The three districts impacted by Hurricane Rita were Calcasieu, Cameron, and Vermilion. The college-going rate of who had graduated from a Louisiana public high school has improved, increasing from 42% in Fall 2005 to 46% in Fall of The public school district analysis of indicate the following: Among the 68 public school districts, the percentage of public high school graduates going directly to in-state colleges in Fall 2006 ranged from 22% to 66%. Comparable public school district college-going rates ranged from 18% to 56% during Fall In Fall 2006, a total of 13 (or about 19%) of the public school districts had a college-going rate that was equal to or higher than the state s overall collegegoing rate of 51%. (The state s overall college-going rate is based upon the graduates of both public and nonpublic high schools, who made an immediate transition to an in-state college/university in Fall 2006, one year after the disasters of 2005.) Also shown in Exhibit 6 is the college-going rate percentage points difference for each district, which provides an idea of how the public school district college-going rates of Fall 2006 differed from the rates of Fall Almost every district had a different collegegoing rate in Fall 2006 than in Fall Fall 2006 college-going rates increased in 33 public school districts, with 18 district rates increasing by 5% or more above the district s Fall 2005 collegegoing rate. An additional 3 public school districts sustained the college-going rates that were observed in Fall Unfortunately, the Fall 2006 college-going rates decreased in 32 public school districts, with the rates of 14 public school districts declining by 5% or more from the district s Fall 2005 college-going rate. Among the 32 public school districts with decreased college-going rates are 3 of the 12 districts most impacted by the disasters of These were the districts of Vermilion, Washington, and the City of Bogalusa. Only eight schools, operating under the Orleans Parish School Board, reported having diploma graduates in As shown in Exhibit 6, the graduate count (731) of Orleans is far below its graduate count of 2,868. However, the numbers of reported as coming from schools operated by the Orleans Parish School Board were 585 in Fall 2005 and 360 in Fall The collegegoing rate of schools operated by the Orleans Parish School Board improved from 20% in Fall 2005 to 49% in Fall Schools operated by the Recovery School District (RSD) reported having very few grade 12 students by May of the school year. Based on SIS data, students reported in this study, did not appear to be graduates of RSD schools. For more information about data reported for this study, please refer to the Supplemental Materials section of this report.

14 Exhibit 6 Number and Percentage of and Public School Graduates That Became by District Number of Public School Graduates Who Were Fall 2005 Public School Graduates Number Percent Number of Public School Graduates Who Were Fall 2006 Public School Graduates Number Percent Percentage Points Difference Fall 2006 vs Fall 2005 Louisiana 36,007 14,940 42% 33,275 15,390 46% 4% Acadia % % 2% Allen % % 11% Ascension % % 2% Assumption % % 5% Avoyelles % % -7% Beauregard % % 2% Bienville % % 10% Bossier 1, % 1, % -2% Caddo 2, % 2, % 0% Calcasieu* 1, % 1, % 7% Caldwell % % 3% Cameron* % % 2% Catahoula % % 6% Claiborne % % -1% Concordia % % -7% DeSoto % % -8% East Baton Rouge 2,294 1,142 50% 2,407 1,138 47% -3% East Carroll % % -28% East Feliciana % % -7% Evangeline % % -2% Franklin % % -7% Grant % % -4% Iberia Iberville 186 Jackson % % 2% 77 41% % 4% 58 44% % 14% 7

15 Exhibit 6 Number and Percentage of and Public School Graduates That Became by District Number of Public School Graduates Who Were Fall 2005 Public School Graduates Number Percent Number of Public School Graduates Who Were Fall 2006 Public School Graduates Number Percent Percentage Points Difference Fall 2006 vs Fall 2005 Louisiana 36,007 14,940 42% 33,275 15,390 46% 4% Jefferson * 2, % 1, % 24% Jefferson Davis % % 5% Lafayette 1, % 1, % 1% Lafourche % % -3% LaSalle % % -3% Lincoln % % -3% Livingston 1, % 1, % -4% Madison % % 4% Morehouse % % -2% Natchitoches % % 4% Orleans* 2, % % 29% Ouachita ** **56% % -4% Plaquemines* % % 16% Pointe Coupee % % -1% Rapides 1, % 1, % -1% Red River % % 1% Richland % % 6% Sabine % % -7% St. Bernard* % % 28% St. Charles* % % 11% St. Helena 69 **22 **32% % -10% St. James % % -12% St. John the Baptist % % -4% St. Landry % % 3% St. Martin % % 3% St. Mary % % -1% 8

16 Exhibit 6 Number and Percentage of and Public School Graduates That Became by District Number of Public School Graduates Who Were Fall 2005 Public School Graduates Number Percent Number of Public School Graduates Who Were Fall 2006 Public School Graduates Number Percent Percentage Points Difference Fall 2006 vs Fall ,940 42% 33,275 15,390 46% 4% Louisiana 36,007 St. Tammany* 1, % 1,994 1,129 57% 9% Tangipahoa* 1, % % 1% Tensas % % 0% Terrebonne % % 0% Union % % -8% Vermilion* % % -3% Vernon % % 4% Washington* % % -8% Webster % % -8% West Baton Rouge % % -7% West Carroll 117 **52 **44% % -2% West Feliciana % % 16% Winn % % 5% City of Monroe % % 8% City of Bogalusa* % % -3% Zachary Community*** % % 12% City of Baker*** % % -14% Other Schools**** % % -4% * These districts were severely affected by the 2005 hurricanes/disasters. ** After a review of district-level aggregations, an under-reporting of data was found; these data were manually adjusted. *** Zachary Community and City of Baker districts began independent operations during the school year. **** Some public schools do not operate under a parish/city school district. These schools are grouped together. The other schools with graduates in are shown in Exhibit 24 of this report. The other schools with graduates of are listed in Exhibit 25 of the Fall 2005 state-level report. 9

17 Colleges/Universities That Enrolled Fall 2006 One year after the 2005 disasters, 33 Louisiana colleges/ universities participated in the Fall 2006 study; 14 institutions are 4-year public colleges/universities, 11 are 2- year public institutions, and eight are 4-year nonpublic institutions. (See the Glossary for definitions.) Only 23 Louisiana campuses participated in the Fall 2005 study. As shown in Exhibit 7 (top chart), the majority (78.5%) of Fall 2006 were enrolled at Louisiana s 4-year public colleges, followed by 15.7% at 2-year public campuses, and 5.8% at 4-year nonpublic colleges. As shown in Exhibit 7 (bottom chart), within the nation s institutions, the majority (49.6%) of Fall 2005 full-time undergraduates were enrolled at 4- year public colleges, followed by 27.5% at 2-year public campuses, and 22.4% at 4-year nonpublic colleges. [The nation s percentages are based on 2005 undergraduate enrollment data reported by Knapp, et al. (2007, Table 1) because the nation s data is not yet available.] Comparing to previous studies, college enrollment shifts have occurred in Louisiana such that, the percentages of enrolling at 4-year campuses that are: public institutions were 79.9% in Fall 2004, rising to 85% in Fall 2005, and then declining to 78.5% in Fall nonpublic institutions were 6.4% in Fall 2004, declining to 2.2% in Fall 2005, and then rising to 5.8% in Fall Exhibit 7 Percentage of Enrolled Full-Time Students by Institution Type and Control (Public/Nonpublic) 4-Year Nonpublic Institutions 5.8% 4-Year Nonpublic Institutions 22.4% Louisiana, Fall Year Public Institutions 78.5% 2-Year Public Institutions 15.7% Nation, Fall 2005 Full-Time Undergraduates 4-Year Public Institutions 49.6% 2-Year Public Institutions 27.5% While the percentages of Fall 2006 enrolled at 4- year institutions are close to the percentages observed in Fall 2004 (the year before the 2005 disasters), a slightly greater proportion of Fall 2006 enrolled at 2-year public campuses than in Fall 2005 or in Fall That is, the percentages of enrolling at 2- year public campuses were 13.7 the 2004, decreasing to 12.8 the 2005, but increasing to 15.7 the Although data of the Program does not address the reasons why enroll at a particular campus, the most logical causes of the enrollment shifts could be related to continued displacement of families from their homes and schools, coupled with any effects this had on the senior year studies of students, and on financial factors. When making decisions about where to apply, parents and those high school seniors, who were interested in college considered such factors as the tuition and fees, the financial aid available to students, personal safety, housing options, driving distances, the reputation of a campus and its operational status, and resources for the student. From another perspective, the Louisiana campuses that were closed during Fall 2005 did re-open, but changes in programs had to be made because of population shifts, damage to the campuses, loss of faculty/staff, and financial circumstances. The campuses could not even be certain that the same type of student or a similar number of students would seek admission in the Fall of Students of each high school graduating class may also attend an out-of-state college or a postsecondary campus that is not part of the annual study. For information on Louisiana s former students attending out-of-state colleges (migration studies) or the Louisiana Technical Colleges, see the Supplemental Materials section of this report. 10

18 Louisiana uses two measures as indicators of readiness for college: student performance on the American College Test (ACT) and developmental course enrollment rates. The American College Test (ACT) Most students were assessed with the ACT before graduation. For more information on the ACT, please see the Glossary of this report and the following documents that are on the LDE website: District Composite Reports The Graduating Class of 2006, Louisiana ACT Scores Louisiana State Education Progress Report COLLEGE READINESS MEASURES Performance of Classes on the ACT ACT composite scores were available on approximately 93 Fall Of these Louisiana Fall 2006, 69.8% had an ACT composite score equal to or greater than 20 and 30.2% had ACT scores ranging from 9 to 19. Five years of average ACT composite scores for the high school classes of the nation and of Louisiana, as well as for Louisiana s classes are graphed in Exhibit 8. While Louisiana s high school class average ACT score is the lowest average every year from 2002 to 2006, this average did improve from 19.6 to Exhibit 8* Average ACT Composite Scores, 2002 to 2006 As shown in Exhibit 8, the average ACT composite scores of Louisiana s classes have improved from 20.8 (2002) to 20.9 (2003), to 21.1 (2004), to 21.4 (2005), and then to 21.5 for the 2006 class. In addition, the average ACT scores of the classes are higher than the average ACT scores of: Louisiana s high school classes, years 2002 to the nation s high school classes, years 2003 to Exhibit 9 presents average ACT composite scores for various subgroups of students for years 2005 and Discussion will follow Exhibit Nation High School Class Louisiana High School Class Louisiana Class * All ACT averages in Exhibit 8 include the scores of students from public and nonpublic schools. 11

19 Exhibit vs Average ACT Scores* Description of the Averages Nation s High School Class Louisiana s High School Class Louisiana s Class Overall Average ACT Composite 20.9 Averages by Gender Male 21.1 Female 20.9 Averages by Ethnicity Groups White 21.9 Asian/Pacific Islander 22.1 Mexican American/Chicano 18.4 Hispanic 18.9 American Indian/Alaskan Native 18.7 African American/Black 17.0 Averages by Type of High School Public School Nonpublic School Averages by College Destination 2-year public 4-year public 4-year nonpublic Averages by Curriculum*** Completed Core 21.9 Did Not Complete Core Fall 2005 Fall ** * If cells are blank, no information was available from the data analysis or from other documents. The sources of ACT data for the high school classes are the 2005 and 2006 ACT reports. ** Starting in 2006, data from ACT was not reported for a Mexican American/Chicano subgroup. Louisiana data reports only the Hispanic subgroup. *** The core or college preparatory curriculum consists of four English courses, three mathematics courses, three social studies courses, and three natural science courses ** ** **

20 As shown in Exhibit 9: The average ACT score of Fall 2006 (21.5) was slightly higher than that of the Fall 2005 (21.4). Male of 2006 had higher average ACT scores than male of Male Fall 2006 whose average ACT was 21.8 outperformed the female Fall 2006 whose average ACT was Males of the Fall 2005 class and males of the high school classes also had higher ACT averages than their female counterparts. Two ethnic subgroups (Asians/Pacific Islanders and African Americans/Blacks) of Fall 2006 improved their average ACT composite scores over the averages obtained by the Fall 2005 of these ethnic subgroups. While the average ACT score of White 2006 (22.6) was the same as that of White 2005, the average ACT scores decreased for 2006 of Hispanic (21.4) and American Indian/ Alaskan Native (20.9) subgroups. The ethnic subgroup ACT averages of the 2006 classes compare favorably with the ethnic subgroup ACT averages of the high school classes. The average ACT composite score for who graduated from Louisiana s public schools improved slightly from 21.0 in Fall 2005 to 21.1 in Fall The who graduated from nonpublic high schools in the state had a slight decrease in their average ACT scores, dropping from 22.8 in Fall 2005 to 22.7 in Fall Improvement in average ACT composite scores from Fall 2005 to Fall 2006 was noted among who enrolled at Louisiana s 4-year nonpublic colleges or universities (from 21.2 to 22.8) and at the state s 4- year public campuses (from 21.8 to 22.0). However, who enrolled in a 2-year public college in Fall 2006 had an average ACT composite score of 17.7, decreasing from 17.9 in Fall For the 2005 and 2006 high school classes of the Nation and of Louisiana, students who complete a core curriculum have higher average ACT scores than students who do not complete a core curriculum (ACT, 2005 and 2006). Information on completing or not completing a core curriculum is not part of the Data Collection System. Developmental Course Enrollment Rates Louisiana s colleges and universities typically use the ACT scores to determine whether an applicant should be admitted, and if those granted admission are ready to enroll in college credit courses. When ACT scores (composite scores or scores in the subject-area tests) are low, some campuses offer new students developmental courses. Typically, developmental courses do not carry degree credit, and are intended to prepare students to succeed academically in college courses. (See the Glossary for a definition.) A discussion of the participating campuses that enrolled in developmental courses in Fall 2006 can be found in the Supplemental Materials section. In Louisiana, the percent of at in-state college/ university campuses who enrolled in one or more developmental courses is the developmental course enrollment rate. Exhibit 10 reflects that 26 all Fall 2006 were enrolled in one or more developmental courses. This is an increase compared to the 25% developmental enrollment rate in Fall The developmental enrollment rate of who graduated from public high schools (29%) exceeded that of who graduated from nonpublic high schools (18%) (Exhibit 10). Regardless of the high school type, the Fall 2006 developmental rate was 67% for enrolled at 2- year campuses and 18% for enrolled at 4-year campuses. National developmental enrollment rates for Fall 2006 are not available, but Parsad, Lewis, and Greene (2003) have reported that 28 the nation s entering freshmen were enrolled in remedial reading, writing, or mathematics courses in Louisiana s developmental enrollment rates of at 2-year colleges were much higher than the national 2000 remedial course enrollment rate of 28%, but overall the Fall 2006 developmental enrollment rates and developmental rates of at 4-year campuses compared favorably with the nation s 2000 rate of 28%. 13

21 Exhibit 10 Fall 2006 Summary of Developmental Course Enrollment Rates (Dev. Rates) Fall 2006 Who Graduated:* From Public Schools Number of Dev. Dev. Rates From Nonpublic Schools Number of Dev. Dev. Rates From Public and Nonpublic Schools Combined Number of Dev. Rates Dev. Fall 2006 Enrolled in Developmental Courses at All Participating Colleges (Total at All Participating Colleges) 4,424 (15,390) 29% 1,039 (5,633) 18% 5,463 (21,023) 26% Fall 2006 Enrolled in Developmental Courses at 2-Year Colleges (Total at 2-Year Colleges) 1,820 (2,604) 70% 391 (699) 56% 2,211 (3,303) 67% Fall 2006 Enrolled in Developmental Courses at 4-Year Colleges (Total at 4-Year Colleges) 2,604 (12,786) 20% 648 (4,934) 13% 3,252 (17,720) 18% * The numbers in parenthesis are the total numbers of Fall 2006 at the particular place of enrollment and are used as denominators to calculate the developmental enrollment rates. 14

22 Changes in Developmental Rates As shown in Exhibit 11, Louisiana s overall developmental rate of the Fall 2005 class reached a new low of 25%. This continued a downward trend in Louisiana s developmental rates. As evident in Exhibit 11, Louisiana s overall developmental rate of the Fall 2006 increased to 26%, but this rate is lower than the overall developmental rates observed from Fall 2002 through Fall % 36% 33% 30% 27% 24% Exhibit 11 Percent of Classes That Enrolled in Developmental Courses (Fall 2002 Through Fall 2006) 36% 33% 29% 25% 26% State Initiatives such as the Tuition Opportunity Program for Students (TOPS), use of ACT s EXPLORE and PLAN assessments, the School Accountability Program, and High School Redesign could be motivating students to take more rigorous courses in high school. If the rigorous courses are increasing the abilities of students prior to college entrance, this would result in less need for to take developmental courses as they begin college studies. However, possible factors that may have contributed to the Fall 2006 developmental rate could include: loss of campus resources to provide developmental courses; fewer developmental courses offered by campuses that are now using more selective admissions practices; limitations on the number of developmental or remedial courses a new student requires; the growth in other types of postsecondary educational programs, which may have been options for less-prepared students; and/or decisions of the better-prepared high school graduates to remain in Louisiana for college/university studies. Demographics of Fall 2006 Developmental In Louisiana, those who enroll in one or more developmental courses are called developmental. As noted in Exhibit 12: Of the 4,424 Fall 2006 developmental who had graduated from Louisiana public schools, 62% were female and 38% were male. 50% were Black, 46% were White, just under 2% were Hispanic, less than 2% were Asian/Pacific Islander, and less than 1% were American Indian/ Alaskan Native. Of the 1,039 Fall 2006 developmental who had graduated from nonpublic schools, 54% were female and 46% were male. 70% were White, 25% were Black, just under 2% were Hispanic, 1% were Asian/Pacific Islander, and less than 1% were American Indian/Alaskan Native. Of all Louisiana s Fall 2006 developmental (5,463), 61% were female and 39% were male. 50% were White, 45% were Black, just under 2% were Hispanic, less than 2% were Asian/Pacific Islander, and less than 1% were American Indian/ Alaskan Native. 21% Fall 2002 Fall 2003 Fall 2004 Fall 2005 Fall

23 Louisiana Fall 2006 Developmental Exhibit 12 Demographics of Fall 2006 Developmental By Gender: Number Percent Number Percent Public Schools Nonpublic Schools Public and Nonpublic Schools Combined Number Percent of All Dev. in Female 2,764 62% % 3,330 58% 61% Male 1,660 38% % 2,133 42% 39% By Ethnic Subgroup: Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent of All Dev. in American Indian/Alaskan Native 30 < 1% 1 < 1% 31 < 1% < 1% Asian/Pacific Islander 79 < 2% 12 1% 91 1% < 2% Black 2,198 50% % 2,459 46% 45% Hispanic 83 < 2% 19 < 2% 102 < 1% < 2% White 2,034 46% % 2,765 52% 50% Ethnicity Not Available 0 0% 15 1% 15 < 1% < 1% Totals of Developmental : 4, % 1, % 5,463 16

24 ACT Performance of Fall 2006 Developmental When average ACT composite scores for a student subgroup are low, the students are less likely to do well in college-level coursework. If they are given extra help while still in high school or developmental instruction later on, the students may be able to improve their performance when in college. As discussed previously, Louisiana s Fall 2006 class had an average ACT composite score of Exhibit 13 shows that the average of the Fall 2006 developmental was only Exhibit 13 also shows that all subgroups of the Fall 2006 developmental had average ACT composite scores that are less than 19. Only the following subgroups of Fall 2006 developmental had average ACT scores above 18: Whites, those who graduated from a nonpublic high school, and those enrolled at 4-year nonpublic college campuses. With a few exceptions, the ACT averages of Fall 2006 developmental are equal to or somewhat lower than those of the Fall 2005 developmental. However, the African American/Black subgroup of developmental improved its average ACT composite score from 16.4 to 16.5, and the developmental at 4-year public colleges improved their average ACT score from 17.7 to Exhibit vs Average ACT Composite Scores of Louisiana Developmental Description of the Averages Overall Average ACT Composite 17.5 Averages by Gender Male 17.3 Female 17.6 Averages by Ethnicity Groups White 18.4 Asian/Pacific Islander 17.5 Hispanic 18.1 Am. Indian/Alaskan Native 17.5 African American/Black 16.4 Averages by Type of High School Public School Nonpublic School Averages by College Destination 2-year public 4-year public 4-year nonpublic Louisiana s Developmental Fall 2005 Fall Developmental Enrollment Rates by Subjects The enrollment of Louisiana s in developmental courses are reported in the subject areas of mathematics, English, and reading, and an Other Courses category. When the developmental rates for a subject decrease over time, it is possible that a recent class has less need for developmental courses in a subject area than earlier classes. As shown in Exhibit 14, developmental enrollment rates for from public and nonpublic schools are highest in mathematics and lowest in the category of Other Courses. For mathematics and English, developmental rates had been decreasing since Fall Also, developmental rates in reading had declined in 2003 and in Fall Term Exhibit 14 Developmental Enrollments by Subject ( from Public and Nonpublic Schools), Fall 2002 to Fall 2006 Math. Percent of from Public and Nonpublic Schools Enrolled in Developmental: English Reading Other Courses 32% 17% 8% 1% 28% 15% 6% 1% 24% 14% 6% 1% 21% 10% 3% 1% 21% 11% 4% 2% 17