Windows Administration Terminal Services, AD and the Windows Registry. INLS 576 Spring 2011 Tuesday, February 24, 2011

Transcription

1 Windows Administration Terminal Services, AD and the Windows Registry INLS 576 Spring 2011 Tuesday, February 24, 2011

2 Terminal Services Uses RDP (Remote Desktop Protocol), relies on TCP/IP, and falls under the application layer of the ISO 7-layer model. It has been improved by offering more features, greater reliability and scalability in Windows 2003.

3 Terminal Services, cont. Terminal Services allow: The sharing of applications and desktops over the network Administrators to take control of, and manage, a computer from their desk The centralization and management of applications

4 Terminal Services, cont. Uses 128 bit, RC4 bi-directional encryption If the clients will not support 128 bit encryption, a lower level can be specified Speed has been improved over earlier versions in that with low-bandwidth connections (such as dial up) TS only transmits a screen view of the remote computer, rather than the actual data itself.

5 Terminal Services Advantages Automatic re-connection of a disconnected session (useful for wireless connections) Smart Card Authentication support Automatic re-direction of client local and network mapped drives Automatic re-direction of Audio 24-bit color mode support Session Directory (stores a list of sessions indexed by username and server to allow automatic reconnection from a disconnected session, in a terminal server farm environment)

6 Configuring Terminal Services The two main applications used to configure the terminal server are: (They can both be found in the administrative tools folder in control panel or on the start menu). Terminal Services Manager (completely rewritten in Windows 2003) Terminal Services Configuration

7 Terminal Services Manager

8 Terminal Services Manager When you select the server name you can choose to view and manage the Users, Sessions or Processes tab. The green icons indicate that the server is online. If you had to disconnect it, the icons would be gray. The Users tab allows you to see who is connected, how long they have been connected and the state of their connection. If you select a user and right click you can disconnect or reset the user s session, send a message (which will be displayed as a pop-up message box on the client side), view the status or log the person out of the terminal server session. The Sessions tab permits the viewing and control of the terminal server sessions. You can right click a session and select the status to see the incoming and outgoing data or reset to reset the session. The processes tab shows all the processes that are running and which user they belong to (this is a simplified version of the processes tab found on the windows task manager). Select a user, click the right mouse button and choose end process to kill the process.

9 Terminal Services Configuration

10 Terminal Services Configuration Any connections that have been setup will be displayed in the connections part of the console. Double click a connection to open the properties page.

11 Terminal Services Web Client Open your web browser and in the address bar type the following details:* www service must be running on the server in question

12 Terminal Services Web Client

13 Tips for using Terminal Services If you want to connect to a terminal server via the command prompt you can do so by typing the following: mstsc -v:servername /F console. mstsc represents the remote desktop connection executable file, -v specifies which server to connect to, /F is for full screen mode, and console to indicate that you want to connect to the console. If you need to install a terminal services client for the MAC OS you can download it from here. Once it is setup, (given that you have network access and the right permissions) this will allow you to connect to a windows-based operating system running terminal services from a Macintosh computer. You can allow users to automatically logon to a session without having to type the username and password each time they initiate a connection. To do this two things have to be done.

14 More Terminal Server Tips From the server side, open Group Policy Object Editor (gpedit.msc), double click Administrative Templates > Windows Components > Terminal Services and then choose Encryption and Security. Open the properties box of Always prompt client for password upon connection and disable it. From the client side, open Remote Desktop Connection, and in the general tab enter the logon credentials in the appropriate boxes. The web client can be installed from the Add/Remove windows components. Go to the World Wide Web components section in the IIS 6.0 option. From there you can find and install Remote Desktop Web Administration. Available in the Windows 2003 resource kit is a self-extractable file called tsscalling.exe. This contains a set of tools that will aid with the scalability planning of terminal services. Each application you run uses up valuable resources, which might be needed by other users so close any programs or windows that you are not actively using. 14

15 More Terminal Services Tips If you want to remotely restart a terminal server on the network you can use the tsshutdn command. The syntax is as follows: tsshutdn wait_time /server: server_name /reboot /powerdown /delay: log_off_time wait_time is the number of seconds you want to wait before the user is logged off from a session. The default time is 60. server_name specifies the name of which terminal server you want to shutdown. log_off_delay is the amount of time to wait, after users have been logged off from the session, before all processes are ended and the computer is shutdown. The default time is 30 seconds.

16 More Terminal Server Tips Instead of just disconnecting from a session or closing the remote desktop window, log off this will free up resources for other users. By default, Terminal Services runs on TCP and UDP port If for some reason you have to change that you can do so by open the registry editor (regedit.exe) and navigating to the HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control \TerminalServer\WinStations\RDP-Tcp key. Look for the DWORD PortNumber and edit that to your needs. Run disk defragmenter on the terminal server to keep the disk clean, fast and healthy. 16

17 Windows 2003 Server Resource Kit The Window Server 2003 Resource Kit is filled with tools that systems administrators, engineers anyone who uses or manages or builds or supports a Windows Server 2003 system. The Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Resource Kit Tools are a set of tools to help with streamline management tasks such as troubleshooting operating system issues, managing Active Directory, configuring networking and security features, and automating application deployment.

18 Windows 2003 Server Resource Kit Free download from: details.aspx? FamilyID=9d467a69-57ff-4ae7-96eeb18c4790cffd&displaylang=en

19 Windows Registry Introduced with Windows 95, The Registry is a central repository for unique user and machine configuration data. In basic terms, it is a big database that holds all of the Windows 2003 configuration information settings relative to user accounts, machine hardware and applications. Everything from user preferences (such as the background colour, screensaver, etc), to encrypted local account passwords are in there. The registry was brought about to replace the old.ini files (that stored configuration settings in editable txt files).

20 More Windows Registry INI files were good because they were short and easy to edit. They did however have some restrictions such as size limitations and no support for multiple users. In came the registry to rid us of these restrictions and make it easier to recover settings after a crash, control access to and track system changes. The Registry is fault tolerant, in that, if you are installing an application that is writing a new bunch of keys to the registry and there is a power failure, everything remains intact and you can start a fresh when the system is back up and running again (We Hope!)

21 Still More Windows Registry The majority of the information in the Registry is placed there automatically by Windows when you install the OS. The rest comes from utilities and applications via their installation routines. It s also possible to edit Registry data manually, allowing you to tweak, enable or fix certain settings. Regedit is the primary tool used for editing the registry.

22 Windows Registry Keys There are 5 sections of the registry that contain a logical grouping of registry information called SubTrees. These are the five main sections of the registry and they each hold a set of sub keys. When making changes, you will most likely do most of the work in the _MACHINE and _USER subtrees.

23 5 Sections of the Registry 5 Sections of the Registry The HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT subtree contains data that associates file types with applications and configuration for COM objects. HKEY_LOCAL_USER Also known to have the common abbreviation HKCU, the HKEY_LOCAL_USER subtree contains settings and preferences for the user currently logged on to the system. These settings are dynamic and unique to each user. HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE Also known to have the common abbreviation HKLM, the HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE subtree contains information about the hardware currently installed, and the settings for systems running on the machine. These are normally static for all users until a change is made. HKEY_USERS This subtree simply contains a pointer to HKEY_LOCAL_USER and the DEFAULT user profile (a template used when assigning a profile to new users). HKEY_CURRENT_CONFIG This subtree stores configuration data for the current hardware profile and points to HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Hardware Profiles

24 Data types handled by the Registry On the right hand side of the Registry Editor, you will notice various data types and their values. REG_SZA simple string value. Would usually contain a URL, Path, or port number for example. REG_BINARY. Raw binary data represented in hexadecimal format. REG_DWORD. Another type of REG_BINARY but this one is 4 bytes long. REG_MULTI_SZ. A character string of variable size that allows you to enter a number of parameters in this single value entry. REG_EXPAND_SZ. This is a character string of variable size that can contain dynamic information which will change at startup (such as %username% which is of a different size for every name)

25 Editing the Registry Regedit.exe allows you to remotely configure another machine s registry quickly and easily. All you need is the right permissions (Administrator permissions) to do so. TIP: Make sure that a group policy isn t in place that disallows remote registry connections.

26 Remotely Editing the Registry Open regedit.exe and from the File menu select Connect Network Registry. Type the computer name, or press [Advanced ] and search for one, and press OK. After entering the correct credentials, the registry of the remote machine is loaded into the console, as if it was that of the local machine. Once you re done making changes simply select Disconnect Network Registry from the file menu and regedit.exe will break the connection.

27 Regedit

28 Backing up the Registry via Windows Backup and Restore From the Start menu, navigate to Programs > Accessories > System Tools and open Backup this will start the Backup and Restore Wizard or go straight to the Backup and Restore utility (depending on your previously chosen settings).

29 Backup of Registry via exporting keys To export a registry file, select the desired key from the left pane in regedit.exe, right click and choose Export. Select where you want the.reg file to be saved, and press Save. Once the file has been exported, you can edit it using Notepad.exe or any text editor. An example of a.reg file: Windows Registry Editor Version 5.00 [HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Control Panel\Accessibility\MouseKeys] "Flags"="62" "MaximumSpeed"="80" "TimeToMaximumSpeed"="3000 To import a reg file, simply double click it to bring up the dialog and press Yes. The information will then be added to the registry.

30 Backup of Registry via Command Line Using reg.exe you can backup and restore portions of the registry with a few simple commands. This tool will allow you to backup one subtree at a time - while the system is running. reg save <root_subtree> <save_location> Reg restore hkcr c:\regbackup\hkcr

31 Break Time 31

32 Windows Server 2003 Lab Active Directory Terminal Services Windows 2003 Resource Kit 32

33 Windows Server 2003 Active Directory Click on the Start menu, then choose Run Type dcpromo in the open: field. The first server should choose New DC All subsequent servers should be additional servers within our domain. 33

34 Windows Server 2003 AD Install Our first machine will be the default of Domain in a new forest. Let s choose inls576.sils as our domain name. Use inls576 as the netbios name. Use the defaults for database and log folders. 34

35 Windows Server 2003 AD Install Use the defaults for the SYSVOL folder. Let s choose inls576.sils as our domain name. Do Install and configure the DNS server. We will want to use only Windows 2000 and 2003 permissions. 35

36 Windows Server 2003 AD Install Restore mode password is the same as our administrator password. You may need to re-enter the TCP/IP configuration information. 36