Issues and Challenges of the Surveying Engineering Education in Morocco Present and future

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1 Issus nd Chllngs of th Suvying Engining Eduction in Moocco Psnt nd futu El Hssn SEMLALI nd Diss TAHIRI, Moocco Ky wods: Suvying ngining, go-infomtion, duction, cuiculum SUMMARY Th Suvying Engining Bnch of th Institut of Agonomy nd Vtiny mdicin Hssn II (in shot IAV Hssn II) ws ctd in Up to know mo thn 800 suvying ngins hv bn gdutd, bout 10% fom thm fom Afic. In od to impov th qulity of th cdmic pogms, follow th dvncd tchnologis nd nsw th nds of svl potntil uss, this Bnch hs known impotnt djustmnts nd pogss tht cn b summizd in th piods. 1- Fom 1970 to 1988 th duction pogm ws svd to ngins of ppliction (fouy pogm) 2- Fom 1988 to 2004 th duction pogm concnd ngins in suvying (six-y pogm) 3- In stts th nw pogm of ngins in suvying bsd on fiv-y pogm. Th most impotnt fctos bhind th thid fom : - Th fom of th univsity bsd on th lw Th commndtions of th Pojct of stblishmnt of th IAV Hssn II - Th dmnd nd oppotunitis of mploymnt by pivt nd public sctos - Th volution of nw tchnologis of infomtion nd communiction - Th doption by th ministy of high duction of globl ductionl chitctu simil to tht of th Euopn countis (LMD systm: Licns, Mst, Doctot) Th nw cuicul will mphsiz to povid th suvying ngin polyvlnt duction considing th pcticl nd thoticl componnts of th pofssion such s: - Pofssionl couss (Godsy, Ctogphy, Rmot snsing, Suvying, Photogmmty, GIS, Adjustmnt computtion, Astonomy) - Pofssionl connctd couss (lnd consolidtion, lnd mngmnt, hydulics, ubn nd ul mngmnt, od ntwoks, puifiction ntwok, llotmnt pojcts ) - Gnl couss (lw, mkting, mngmnt, conomy, finnc, communiction). - Pcticl woks (lbotois, pcticl pojct woks, fild tining woks, smins, thsis ) 1/10

2 Issus nd Chllngs of th Suvying Engining Eduction in Moocco Psnt nd futu 1. INTRODUCTION El Hssn SEMLALI nd Diss TAHIRI, Moocco Th Institut of Agonomy nd Vtiny mdicin Hssn II (in shot IAV Hssn II) is n duction nd sch institution constitutd of six big bnchs (Filiès) of fomtion of ngins nd vtiny doctos (suvying ngins, ngins in gonomy, go-food ngins, ngins in fming quipmnt, vtiny doctos, nd hoticultul ngins). Th Engining suvying duction sttd within th IAV Hssn II (shot fo Institut Agonomiqu t Vtini Hssn II) in th ly 1970's. In fist tim, it ws ddictd to gdut suvying ngins bsd on fou-y pogm ((ingénius d'ppliction) to cy out th nds of th gicultu Ministy, minly th Administtion of th Lnd gisttion, Cdst nd Ctogphy. In 1988, nd in od to nsw nw nds of th pofssionl uss nd bcus of th xtmly pid tchnologicl dvlopmnts, th Diction of th IAV Hssn II dcidd to xtnd th ductionl pogm to th tching of th dvncd tchnologis in th domin of Godtic Scinc nd Go-infomtion. In 1994, th suvying pofssion ws ognizd by th lw Ths txts lgliz th xcis of th pofssion of Suvying Gomt Engin (Ingéniu Gomèt Topogph). Tody, th vious muttions nd foms of th univsity's ductionl systm, s wll s th constints nd mploymnt oppotunitis, chllng us to viw th cuiculum of th suvying ngining duction. Th psnt ticl psnts n ovviw of th psnt Mooccn xpinc with th duction of suvying ngining nd highlights th futu nw ductionl pogm. 2. HISTORICAL OVERVIEW Until 2004, th suvying bnch of IAV Hssn II hs qulifid mo thn 800 suvying ngins. Fom 1970 to 1988, th ws 437 suvyos fomd ((ingénius d'ppliction), fom 1988 to 2004, bout 385 suvying ngins of stt (ingénius d Ett) gdutd in this bnch. It is ncssy to not tht th luts fom Aficn countis psnt bout 10% of th totl numb of qulifid ngins. Th gdutd suvying ngins nolld in lg vity of ctivitis, ith in public nd smi-public sctos (gicultu, intio, hbitt nd ubnism, quipmnt, touism, finncs, tc.). In ddition, svl of ths ngins woking within th pivt sctos 2/10

3 (pivt suvying socitis, constuctionl socitis, socity of highwys, dvlopmnt of softw, tlcommuniction, tc.). 3. THE PRESENT EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM 3.1 Admission Th ctul systm is bsic six-y pogm, dividd into th cycls of two ys ch. Th fist y (clld APESA) is common to ll th six bnchs of th IAV Hssn II. About 70% of studnts coming to suvying bnch cuitd dictly fom this APESA. Th oth 30% cndidts who hv succdd th common ntionl comptition of th pptoy ys to ngining schools (Mth.Sup. & Mth.Sp.), nd cndidts titul of CUES o DEUG (option Mthmtics Physics). 3.2 Cunt cuiculum Th duction cuiculum pogms concivd in od to nsw th quimnts of th pofssionl nds. Th fist nd scond ys stictd to fundmntl scincs. Th thid, fouth nd fifth ys svd to th dvlopmnt of th bsic, fundmntl nd pofssionl ductionl couss. Th fist two months of th sixth y svd to tining in pivt socity, public o smi-public stblishmnt. Duing th lsting months of this y studnts involvd into thoticl nd pcticl sch topic, t th nd of which thy skd to pp thsis on th chosn sch topic (mémoi d fin d'étuds). W mphsiz on th fct tht th pcticl pojcts nd tinings occupy mo thn 40% of th ductionl pogm. Th pogms of th six dg cuiculum could b summizd in 5 fundmntl componnts s follow: Fundmntl Scincs: Mthmtics, physics, comput scinc, sttistics, pobbility...tc. Bsic Eduction: This pt is dividd into th ctgois: Pofssionl duction: Godsy, Suvying, Photogmmty, Ctogphy, lnd gultion, cdst Pofssionl connctd duction: Rod ntwok, Consolidtion, Puifiction, ubn nd ul plnning, llotmnt, hydulics Gnl duction: Civil lw, Economy, Communiction, Mkting, Mngmnt, Lngugs, spots Advncd Tchniqus: Globl Positioning Systm (GPS), numicl suvying mthods, nlyticl nd digitl Photogmmty, Numicl ctogphy, Rmot snsing nd stllit imgy, Gogphic Infomtion Systms Pcticl pojcts nd fild tinings: Lbotois, fild tinings, cdst nd tining in pofssionl nd pivt socitis. 3/10

4 Rsch: choic of sch topic, study thoticl nd pcticl spcts, smins, thsis pption nd psnttion in n ol xmintion. 3.3 Fild Tinings Fild tinings of th cunt duction systm concn th six ys of th cuiculum. Duing th fist y studnts pticipt to pcticl initition fild tining in Fnc fo piod of 10 wks. This tining is common to ll studnts who succssfully pst th xms of th fist y (APESA). Th scond y tmints with scond tining in th ul (Rulism) which lsts fo 4 wks. In th thid y of th suvying duction pogm studnts inititd to pp pojct of suvying fo 2 wks. Duing th fouth y th tining consists in stblishing synthsis fild pcticl pojct tht combins godsy, suvying, photogmmty nd ctogphy. This tining lsts fo 4 wks. In th fifth y th tining in cdst tks 2 wks. At th nd of thi ductionl pogm, studnts should lv bout 2 months in pivt socity, public o smi-public dministtion to pctic th dily mngmnt nd pcticl poblms of th institution. 4. HUMAN AND MATERIAL RESSOURCES Th pmnnt fculty stff of th suvying bnch is composd of 16 ssistnt pofssos nd pofssos. Most of thm obtind Mst dg nd/o Doctot dg fom Euopn o Noth Amicn univsitis (Fnc, Blgium, Nthlnds, Switzlnd, Jpn, Cnd, USA) nd lso fom Moocco. This stff is suppotd by n uxiliy stff composd of ngins, tchnicins nd sctis. On th oth hnd, bout 34% of couss instuctd by svl pofssos fom oth IAV Hssn II dptmnts. Th pofssionls, ntionl nd foign ssocit lctus lso pticipting t bout 15% of th couss of th ductionl pogm. Th suvying bnch posssss som lbotois nd sch fcilitis with sufficint numb of convntionl tchnicl instumnts bing cquid duing th ys 70 nd 80. In th 1980 s th instumntl pk ws nichd by th cquisition of svl quipmnts fo dt cquisition nd pocssing. Hnc, th lbotois quippd by lctonic totl sttions nd lvls, GPS civs, nlyticl nd digitl photogmmtic instumnts, sttions of stllit imgy pocssing. In ddition, ou lbotois quippd by svl psonl computs nd vity of softw of photogmmty, mot snsing, digitl ctogphy, GIS, godsy nd suvying. 4/10

5 5. CHALLENGES OF THE FUTURE EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM Th chllngs ou ductionl pogm is in font of du to th following fctos: - Th ttibutions of suvying ngin s dfind by lw Th fom of th Mooccn univsity systm bsd on th lw Th commndtions of th Pojct of stblishmnt of th IAV Hssn II - Th dmnd nd oppotunitis of mploymnt by pivt nd public sctos - Th volution of nw tchnologis of infomtion nd communiction - Th doption by th ministy of high duction of globl ductionl chitctu simil to tht of th Euopn countis (LMD systm: Licns, Mst, Doctot) In 2004, th diction of th IAV Hssn II dcidd to shotn th ductionl pogm to fiv ys instd of six. Th nw cuiculum will mphsiz to povid th suvying ngin pofssionl polyvlnt duction s it will b xplind in th following pgphs. 5.1 Mthodology Th mthodology doptd fo th dvlopmnt of th nw pogms is bsd on th fiv stps poposd by Ayni (2000): Dfinition of th objctivs of th cuiculum tking into ccount th nw tchnology dvlopmnts Dfinition of th contnts of th pogms Idntifiction of mthods nd sttgis fo thi ppliction Idntifiction of vlution mthods Gt bck th uss ctions concning th pogms Th contnts of th nw pogms bing stblishd whil tking into ccount th following fctos Th pofssionl quimnts Th dvncs in th nw tchnology Th ncssitis of th mploymnt oppotunitis Th vilbl hdw soucs in th institution Th vilbl humn soucs to dispns ths contnts Th xisting cuiculum 5.2. Gnl chitctu of th nw cuiculum In th nw stuctu, it is poposd tht th IAV Hssn II will b tnsfomd into Polytchnic Institut which will contin 8 schools of ngining (gonomy, suvying, vtiny mdicin, hoticultu.) substituting th old bnchs. Thfo, th futu 5/10

6 ductionl cuiculum studis will lst fo 5 ys (instd of 6) two of which dvotd to pptoy studis in bsic couss. Thoughout this fom, it is poposd tht th nw nm of th bnch of suvying will b th school of ngining suvying nd Goinfomtion, but this poposition in officil yt. In th fist pptoy y studnts follow common pogm, thn thy cn choos btwn th ight diffnt schools of th IAV. Th scond pptoy y is dvotd to spcific bsic couss spcific to ch school (figu 1). Concning th suvying ngining school, this scond y is dvotd to svl bsic couss in mthmtics, physics, sttistics, pobbility, lctonics, optics, comput scinc, pogmming lngugs tc. 5.3 Nw cuiculum Th nw cuiculum mphsizs to povid th suvying ngin polyvlnt fomtion considing th pcticl nd thoticl componnts of th pofssion such s: - Pofssionl couss (Godsy, Ctogphy, Rmot snsing, Suvying, Photogmmty, GIS, sptil nlysis, gosptil dtbss, Adjustmnt computtion, Astonomy) - Pofssionl connctd couss (lnd consolidtion, hydulics, lnd mngmnt, hydulics, ubn nd ul mngmnt, od ntwoks, puifiction ntwok, llotmnt pojcts ) - Gnl couss (lw, mkting, mngmnt, conomy, finnc, communiction, cology, nvionmnt, tc). - Pcticl woks (lbotois, pcticl pojct woks, fild tining woks, smins, thsis ) Indd, th nw pogms tht und dvlopmnt would b concivd to pivilg n duction tht would llow th suvying ngin to b bl to ssimilt th fst tchnology chnging. Th nw cuiculum is bsd on systm of smsts (two smsts p y). Ech smst is composd of 14 to 16 wks, th vg totl cdit hous of smst is ound 400 hous. Th lst two wks of smst svd to vlution nd xms. Couss goupd into moduls, th mximum totl cdit hous of modul is 120 hous (figu 1). 5.4 Tinings nd pojcts Th nw vision of th duction in suvying ngining ims to giv pticul ttntion to th pofssionl duction. This pt of th cuiculum is composd of fou pts: - Fild tinings - Synthsis pcticl pojcts - Studying visits - Pofssionl smins. 6/10

7 CUES DEUG 1st y 2nd y APESA Common Pptoy Y to ll IAV Schools Scond Pptoy Y Suvying Option Smst I Smst II l c y c y to p P s y 2 Pptoy Ys to Engining Schools 2 ys Common Ntionl Comptition 1st y 2nd y 3d y Fist Y in Suvying Engining nd Go- Infomtion Smst I Smst II Scond Y in Suvying Engining nd Go-Infomtion Smst III Smst IV Thid Y in Suvying Engining nd Go-Infomtion Smst V Smst VI - o G d n g in in g n E g in y v u S f o l o h c S n tio m fo I n s y 3 Diplom of Engin in Suvying Figu 1. Gnl chitctu of th nw ductionl systm 7/10

8 Fild tinings Th objctiv of fild tinings nd pcticl pojcts is th cquimnt of pofssionl xpinc nd to stngthn th thoticl nd pcticl knowldg cquid duing th thoticl couss. Ths tinings concivd to llow th studnt to: - show his knowldg nd pofssionl comptncs - conciv nd pp l pojcts in godsy, photogmmty, ctogphy nd suvying - ssu th xcution of ths woks on th fild - intgt in multidiscipliny tm woks - pctic both convntionl tchniqus of msumnts nd numicl tchniqus s wll - ln to dvlop humn ltions in th pofssionl ctivitis - know th ol nd sponsibilitis tht th futu ngin must ssu - stt lning th mngmnt poblms tht pivt socity must ssu. Ths fild tinings distibutd ov th lst th ys of th nw ductionl pogm: Fist y of ngining suvying: - Pojct of suvying - Tining in cdst Scond y of ngining suvying: - Pcticl pojct in suvying, godsy, photogmmty nd GPS - Pojct of digitl ctogphy - Tining in pivt socity, public o smi-public dministtion - Studying visits - Pofssionl smins Thid y of ngining suvying: - Pojct of gomtic - Studying visits - Pofssionl smins Studying visits Th objctiv of ths visits is to show to studnts th woks of diffnt pofssionl lbotois, nd follow-up th woks chivd by public institutions nd ntionl gncis. Pofssionls Smins Pofssionl Smins will b psntd by mmbs of th Ntionl Od of Suvyos (ONIGT) nd lso by th ngins fom th pivt scto. Th im of ths smins is to 8/10

9 psnt to studnts th lw tht govns th pofssion nd th ctivitis tht th futu ngin will xcis. Som oth spcts ltd to som spcific topics will b discussd (mngmnt poblms, mkting, lnd xptis, nvionmnt, lnd gultion ) 6. RESEARCH ACTIVITIES Actully, th suvying bnch is involvd into th kinds of sch ctivitis: - th ctivitis of th nd of studis sch thsis; - th ctivitis of doctol sch; - th contctul sch. Ths ctivitis govnd by th following xis of sch: - Assssmnt nd dvlopmnt of mthods nd tchniqus concning dt collction nd dt pocssing - nlysis nd psnttion of th gogphicl infomtion; - contibution of th nw tchnologis in vious studis nd pplictions, - dpttion nd impovmnt of th pocdus of th xisting softw, by dvloping uss intfcs 7. CONCLUSION Th pupos of this pp hs bn to giv n id fo undstnding th issus nd chllngs of th ductionl suvying systm in Moocco nd th impovmnts chivd sinc Ultimtly, svl ffots hv bn md to lvt nd dvlop pofssionl comptncs. Th sttgis followd to mk ths dvlopmnts coincid nd tk into ccount th nds of th pofssionls, th mploymnt mkt nd th fom of th Mooccn univsity s wll. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Th uthos would lik to thnk th fculty stff of th bnch of suvying of th IAV Hssn II fo thi contibution to nich this documnt though th diffnt mtings nd th documnt stblishd in consqunc. REFERENCES Ayni O., Cuiculum stuctuing in gomtics duction : systms ppoch. Intntionl Achivs of Photogmmty nd Rmot Snsing. Vol. XXXIII, Pt B6. Amstdm, pp Pogmms d fomtion n Ingénii Topogphiqu, IAV, Filiè d Fomtion n Topogphi, sptmb Pojt d Étblissmnt d l Institut Agonomiqu t Vétéini Hssn II, Rbt, p. 9/10

10 Ppojt d stuctution d l fomtion d'ingénius n topogphi; IAV, Filiè d Fomtion n Topogphi, Thii D.t Ettid M Th ngining duction t th IAV Hssn II. Pocdings of th scond Rgionl FIG confnc in Mkch, Dcmb 2-5, Pojt du nouvu pogmm d fomtion n ingénii topogphiqu, IAV, Filiè d Fomtion n Topogphi,2004. BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES El Hssn SEMLALI 1979: Diplom of ngin in suvying fom IAV Hssn II, Rbt, Moocco 1986: Mst of Scinc fom Ohio Stt Univsity, Columbus, USA 1999: Doctot of Scincs fom th Univsity of Lig, Blgium. Pincipl s of intst : GIS, godsy nd suvying. Publictions: dtbs dsign, o popgtion in GIS, pcl distibution mthodology, GIS in lnd consolidtion, cdstl systms, GPS, dvlopmnt of GIS pplictions. Diss Thii pofssu t th Institut Agonomiqu t Vétéini Hssn II. Il Diplôm d ingéniu topogph du Moc (1984), Diplôm d ingéniu n géni ul d l Univsité Ctholiqu d Louvin, Blgiqu (1991), DES int-univsiti n ctogphi t télédétction d l Univsité d Lib d Buxlls, l Univsité d Lièg t l Univsité Ctholiqu d Louvin, Blgiqu (1991) Doctot s-scincs, Déptmnt d Géomtiqu d l Univsité d Lièg, Blgiqu (1997). CONTACTS Pofsso nd sch El Hssn SEMLALI, Institut Agonomiqu t Vétéini Hssn II, Filiè d fomtion n Topogphi, IAV, Filiè d fomtion n Topogphi, B.P. 6202, Rbt, Moocco Tl Fx Emil:[email protected] [email protected] Wb sit: Diss Thii Filiè d fomtion n topogphi Institut Agonomiqu t Vétéini Hssn II B.P Rbt-Instituts Rbt MAROC Tl (0) Fx (0) Emil: [email protected] Wb sit: 10/10