Water Sources. Produced Water: A new Source. Ceramic membrane. Possibilities. Conclusion

Transcription

1 Mansour Al.Haddabi

2 Water Sources Produced Water: A new Source Ceramic membrane Possibilities Conclusion

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5 Red/Orange Scarcity Tan Stress Blue Sufficient Water

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7 The water that is trapped in underground formation and brought to the surface along with the oil and gas production PDO currently produces 7.5 barrels of water for a barrel of oil OIL H 2 O H 2 O H 2 O H 2 O H 2 O H 2 O H 2 O H 2 O H 2 O

8 Dissolved and dispersed oil components Dissolved minerals Production chemicals Production solids Dissolved gases

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10 Minimize the volumes of water produced by adopting proper reservoir and well management Inject the water to oil producing formations or reservoirs Discharging it to the environment after it complies with the discharge regulations. Consume in Beneficial use: treat to meet quality required for beneficial uses like irrigation, land restoration, cattle and animal consumptions and industrial application

11 Along with oil PDO produces about 5 million barrels of water per day Salinity ranging from mg/l Oil content range from mg/l

12 The produced water is utilized for reservoir's pressure maintenance by injection into shallow and deep sub-surface formations The disposing of the produced water is expensive Environmental regulations are becoming more stringent Reuse potential of produced water needs investigations

13 De-oiling: removing dispersed oil and grease Soluble organics removal Disinfection: removing microorganisms Removal of SS Removal of dissolved gases Desalination or demineralization Softening (removal of excess hardness) Miscellaneous: removing NORM

14 Physical processes: Such as cyclones, API, CPI, sand filters, Electrodialysis and DAP Chemical Processes: chemical oxidation, electrochemical processes, photocatalytic and ozone Biological Processes: the use of aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms

15 High cost of treatment The use of toxic chemicals Space for installation Secondary pollution

16 New class of materials made from clays of nitrides, carbides and oxides of metals. It can operate in both cross-flow filtration and dead-end filtration modes Lifespan > 10 years

17 The ability to accomplish the current regulatory treatment objectives without chemical pre-treatment Thermal stability Ease of scale up, low running investment and small area requirements Resistance to solvents, chemicals and thermal stress allows good recovery of membrane performance Mechanical strength and long life-time

18 Membrane cleaning with harsh chemicals (if necessary) does not reduce membrane performance stability It has higher fluxes and higher oil rejection due to their high porosity and more hydrophilic surface, compared to polymer membranes. They are operational in ph-range from Therefore, cleaning is not an issue. High oil removal efficiency Low energy requirements

19 Effect of TMP on Permeate Flux (CFV: 1.68 ms -1 ) TMP (MPa) Flux (Lm -2 h -1 ) TOC removal efficiency (%) Effect Of CFV on permeate Flux (TMP: 0.2 MPa) CFV (ms -1 ) Flux (Lm -2 h -1 ) TOC removal efficiency (%) (Edible oil mixed with water and surfactant) Parameter Unit Feed Treated wastewater by using tubular ceramic MF (α-al2o3) Total Suspended Solids (TSS) mg/l 92 Trace Oil and grease content mg/l 26 4 Total Organic Carbon (TOC) mg/l Turbidity mg/l (TMP: 1.25 bar, CFV: 2.25 ms -1 and T: 32.5 o C). API effluent of refinery.

20 Agricultural Use Solar Ponds Aquaculture, Brine Shrimps Mineral Recovery

21 High value salts, Fertilizers Magnesium metals and Alloys Fire retardants Building Products Sealant and Flocculating agents

22 Greening the desert Agroforestry Forage production Biofuel Oil recovery Other benefits: Carbon credit Energy savings

23 Livestock drinking water ( possible up to 7000 ppm) Irrigation: salinity, SAR, Boron Salt tolerant plants and trees are available and have been tested under Omani conditions Poor land restoration

24 Possibilities exists for using water as a resource Field research is urgently needed Firm government decisions on its use such as forge production, growing trees, subsidies, ownership, aquifer storage Further research on low cost membrane treatment

25 Water Management decisions have a very significant impact on project economics How clean should be the water? Controls the design of the treatment facility Injection rates and pressure Produced water can be a potential source to solve the water scarcity (if treated well!!)