A Kauffman Foundation Report. A Census of Entrepreneurship in American Higher Education Investments and Outcomes 2006

Transcription

1 A Kauffman Foundation Report A Census of Entrepreneurship in American Higher Education Investments and Outcomes 2006

2 Slide 2 The Data Base (also one for 127 U.K. Institutions): Largely Empirical Quantitative Observational Additional Research and Analysis in Progress Possibly: ~4,000 European Institutions

3 Investments and Outcomes I O Faculty and Curriculum Faculty and Research and Publications Faculty and Public Engagement Assessment and Outcomes Macro Levels Micro Levels- Works in Progress

4 A Short U.S. History (For Perspective) First course at Harvard: decades later: ~300 colleges & universities Insignificant university financial investment (courses, centers, services) 15 Years Ago: enter Kauffman Foundation (others: Coleman, Lowe, Price, etc.) Driven by external forces: entrepreneurs; faculty champions; bottom-up

5 A Decade of Kauffman Investment $400 Million in Higher Education Public Education Teaching Curriculum Research Canon Engagements Internships Business Plan Competitions Leadership ACE AAU Matched by ~ $300 Million So, three-fourths Billion $ investment in ~15 years

6 Focus of Investments $60,000 Average Grant to ~ 200 Colleges and Universities $1-5 Million to 40 Universities Kauffman Campuses I $25M + $50M to 8 Universities Kauffman Campuses II $35M + $35M= $70M + $140M= $210M to ~ 30 colleges and universities Kauffman Campuses III TBD Other Initiatives

7 Other Initiatives-Continued Pharmacy Experiment (others) USASBE; NACCE; Center Directors ACE; National Graduate Council; AACC Set of exemplar courses [Gen. Ed.; Econ.; Technology] E-Research Engine National Inquiry (more later)

8 Outcomes: Education-Curriculum 2,136 of 2,662 two-and four-year non-profit colleges and universities (80%) offer at least one course in entrepreneurship 300+ offer baccalaureate degree 500 offer master s concentrations (of 847 MBA programs) 30+ Ph.D. concentrations (and growing) 18 academic departments

9 Outcomes Within 15 Years Seeded in the business school (1990) Movement to engineering (1995) (400+ in U.S. Now, more in engineering than in business) Three Years Ago: Across the curriculum (KCI: 73 faculty (167, ); 27 (52, ) different disciplines; 101 different courses, 2003 (175, )) Increasing accessibility to students without regard to discipline

10 Outcomes: According to Our Calculations (The Legacy System) ~ 6,000 different faculty (~ 50% fulltime-regular) ~12,000 courses taught ~400,000 students enrolled ~100 student majors Assoc./B.S./M.S.+MBA/Ph.D. students

11 Outcome: Penetration of Entrepreneurship Offer: 929 of 1,194 two-year 1,207 of 1,468 fouryear 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% two-year--929 four-year Or: 2,136 of 2,662 = 80.2% of ALL Have at least one course in entrepreneurship 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% All--2,136

12 Outcomes: Penetration AAU 60 of 60 = 100% Land Grant Land Grant 113 of 120 = 94.2% AASCU AASCU BACC BAIE and andassociate 354 of 378 = 93.7% 1339 of 1774 = 75.4%

13 The U.S. Entrepreneurship Hierarchy 98% Doctoral 95% Masters 75% Baccalaureate / Associate

14 Outcomes: Curriculum Despite wide-ranging nomenclature, the ten most listed course titles: (at four-year institutions) 1. Introductory Course in Entrepreneurship 2. Preparing the Business Plan 3. Entrepreneurship and Technology 4. Financing New Businesses 5. Managing an Emerging Growth Enterprise 6. New Product Development 7. Marketing for Entrepreneurs 8. Legal Issues for Entrepreneurs 9. Internship in Entrepreneurship 10.Capstone in Entrepreneurship

15 Outcomes: Continuing Curriculum Review of syllabi: Content analysis By institutional type: Analysis Educational resources Segmentation Faculty teaching courses Frequency of material use By academic unit: BA LAS ENGR, etc.

16 A Decade of Kauffman Investment Research Canon

17 Outcomes: From Research Initiative Grants to NYU; U. of Chicago; U. of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign; U.C. Berkeley; Washington U., St. Louis; Harvard; etc. to build bibliography Grants to faculty Grants to RAND; SBR; Hudson Institute Institutional studies long term Mathematica: 9-year longitudinal study

18 A Decade of Kauffman Investment Public Engagements Internships Business Plan Competitions

19 Outcomes: Advancing Innovation Expediting intellectual property to marketplace Create continuum of IP creation and enterprise development Intellectual integration of these concepts Influencing public policy: open source; patent process; revenue generation models

20 Influencing Future Outcomes Kauffman National Panel on Entrepreneurship Curriculum in Higher Education Qualitative and quantitative principles and guidelines What should be taught, in what manner, by whom? Identify canon of knowledge and tenets of entrepreneurship Best practices at each degree level

21 An Educational Template: Options for an Entrepreneurship Curricula

22 A Template For Desired Entrepreneurial Outcomes Contribute to E al Capitalism Embedding E al Values Relationship Building & Networking Skills Key How To Business Know- How Acquired Understanding Venture Creation Processes Motivation to E al Careers/Lifestyle Empathy for Entrepreneurial Values Gaining Generic E Competencies E al Skills & Behaviors Exit Strategy Start-up Ignition Curriculum at 4 levels: Associate Degree Baccalaureate Degree Masters Degree Doctoral Degree Experience Execution Mobilize Resources General Education Courses Courses in E-ship Cognate Courses Action Dynamic Real Opportunity Idea Colleges and Universities Kauffman National Panel Students Motivation Education Awareness Interest

23 Outcomes: Moving Forward Managing Gordon Brown s Fellows program Collaborating with National Council on Graduate Entrepreneurship (NCGE) Strengthening relationships with Simon Fec; Cambridge; Bristol; etc. Becoming the global locus of entrepreneurship

24 The Ultimate Outcome A respected academic discipline Integrated into established disciplines Accessible to every student and institutionalized in all 4,000 schools of higher education Creation, promotion, and adoption of the science of entrepreneurship