Petroleum Pipeline and Storage Terminal Guide for Emergency Responders and Public Officials

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2 Petroleum Pipeline and Storage Terminal Guide for Emergency Responders and Public Officials About this guide The purpose of this guide is to provide information about Phillips 66 Pipeline LLC and terminal operations to emergency response personnel and public officials. We have included information about the products we transport, piping systems, inspection, maintenance, pipeline location and our emergency response plans. We ve also provided information that may be helpful to public officials responsible for managing land development or construction activities around pipelines in their area. Any emergency requires a joint-effort approach. Pipeline and terminal emergencies require the coordinated efforts of response agencies and industry experts in order to provide the desired safeguards to the public and the environment. We recognize the value of the unified incident command structure and our role, as operators of the pipeline and terminal system, to provide useful knowledge and support during an emergency. Our goal is safe operation, and our commitment is continuous improvement toward that goal. It also is our goal to work with public officials, property owners and developers to help prevent development- or construction-related situations that could increase the risk or impact of a pipeline emergency. If you are not already familiar with our operations and response plans, we invite you to contact our local office and meet with Phillips 66 Pipeline LLC personnel in your community. Call our non-emergency information line to find the Phillips 66 Pipeline LLC office in your area:

3 Contact Information Phillips 66 Pipeline LLC Emergency Phone Number: Phillips 66 Pipeline LLC Non-Emergency Phone Number: Local Phillips 66 Pipeline LLC Office: Call Before You Dig: 811 Phillips 66 Pipeline LLC Web site: Emergency Response Portal: National Pipeline Mapping System:

4 Quick Start Guide Who do I call if there is an emergency involving a Phillips 66 Pipeline LLC pipeline or terminal? Call our Emergency Notification Hotline: This number is connected to our control center in Bartlesville, Okla., and is answered 24 hours a day. Where can I get more information about Phillips 66 Pipeline LLC operations in my area? Contact our local office, or call our nonemergency information line: The non-emergency number is answered during normal business hours. Where can I find a map of pipeline assets in my area? The National Pipeline Mapping System (NPMS): NPMS is a geographic information system created by the U.S. Department of Transportation in cooperation with other federal and state governmental agencies and the pipeline industry. The NPMS consists of geospatial data, attribute data, public contact information and metadata pertaining to the interstate and intrastate gas and hazardous liquid transmission pipelines, liquefied natural gas facilities, and hazardous liquid storage tanks jurisdictional to the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration. For maps of Phillips 66 Pipeline LLCoperated pipelines, contact our local office, or call our non-emergency information line: Where can I get a copy of your emergency response plans? Copies of our emergency response plans are available at local Phillips 66 Pipeline LLC offices. Call our non-emergency information line, , to contact the Phillips 66 Pipeline LLC office nearest you or you can visit our Emergency Response Portal at website. Who do I call about construction or development around pipelines? Always call the state one-call center at least two or three days (requirements vary by state) before beginning any excavation work. The one-call center will notify all of the utilities in your area who will mark any buried lines at your work site. 811 is the nationwide call-before-you-dig number. Calls to 811 are routed to the appropriate state one-call center. In addition to calling 811, if you are planning construction or land development in an area where our pipelines are buried, please contact your local Phillips 66 Pipeline LLC office or call our non-emergency information line, , as early in the planning process as possible. Our representatives will work with you to ensure planned activities are mutually agreeable. 1

5 About Phillips 66 Pipeline LLC Phillips 66 Pipeline LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Phillips 66, operates approximately 12,000 miles of pipeline and 44 storage terminals in the United States. These pipelines range in sizes from 4 to 42 in diameter. Phillips 66 Pipeline LLC transports and stores both raw and finished petroleum products, including crude oil, natural gas, propane, gasoline, diesel and aviation fuels. These products are stored at terminals. Refined product terminals are equipped with truck-loading racks where tanker trucks pick up fuels for delivery to local retail stations. Phillips 66 Pipeline LLC Operations More than 1,000 Phillips 66 Pipeline LLC employees are dedicated to ensuring safe, reliable and environmentally responsible delivery and storage of millions of gallons of petroleum products every day. We consider ourselves part of the community wherever we operate and want to be a good corporate neighbor. Our employees are volunteers in the communities in which we serve. Many of our employees are active on Local Emergency Planning Committees. Sharing information like this guide is part of our ongoing effort to build cooperative relationships with our stakeholders. A tl a n ti c Oc e a n Pac ifi c O c e an G u l f o f M exi c o Miles Terminals 2 Products Pipeline NGL Pipeline Crude Oil Pipeline 2 Rockies Express Pipeline

6 Safety Starts With Prevention Pipeline and Terminal Operations We have written procedures covering all aspects of pipeline and terminal operations and training in compliance with U.S. Department of Transportation regulations. Operational data is transmitted by a Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system, which is a series of land-line and satellite electronic controls and computers. This system allows us to remotely operate valves and pumps, and monitor pressures and other vital information from a central location in Bartlesville, Okla. The control center is manned 24 hours a day, seven days a week. Controllers monitor consoles that provide continuous data on products, pressures, flow rates and emergency information. Emergency notifications can be initiated by these personnel. Our pipeline and terminal systems are divided into areas where trained personnel are available to monitor controls and equipment and respond to emergencies. Integrity Management and Damage Prevention Phillips 66 Pipeline LLC has a comprehensive integrity management program to ensure our pipelines, tanks and pumps operate safely, reliably and in compliance with federal and state regulations. Maintenance tasks, such as inspections and equipment repair, are performed by trained personnel who are familiar with pipeline rightof-way locations and emergency procedures. Right-of-way inspections are performed per U.S. Department of Transportation regulations. Frequent aerial patrols are conducted to spot problems and unauthorized right-of-way encroachments. Internal inspections of pipelines are conducted on a scheduled basis, primarily using in-line inspection devices, also known as smart tools or smart pigs. Hydrotesting also is used in certain situations to test pipeline integrity. Cathodic protection, chemical inhibitors and pipe coatings are used to mitigate internal and external corrosion of pipelines. We participate in emergency response training with local police and fire departments, as well as federal and state agencies. We support excavator education and state onecall centers. We are a sponsor of the Common Ground Alliance, which promotes damage prevention to underground utilities. We regularly communicate important messages about damage prevention, leak identification and emergency response actions to key stakeholders who live and work near our operations. At Our Storage Terminals: We meet or exceed applicable federal and state laws regarding safety and environmental protection in the operation of our terminals. All of our tanks are designed, constructed and maintained to rigorous standards and regulatory requirements. We have systems in place to ensure we don t overfill tanks and to alert us to any possible leaks. We only fill trucks that pass rigid safety and government-required inspections. We train all truck drivers before they are allowed to load at our facilities. We visually check and inspect our equipment regularly to ensure it remains in good operating condition. 3

7 Our storage tanks are surrounded by earthen or concrete walls, called dikes, that are designed to effectively keep fuels on our property in the unlikely event of a spill. We use corrosion control, overpressure protection and mechanical damage prevention (excavation procedures, one-call system, etc.) to protect the piping in our facilities. Truck-loading facilities are equipped with vapor control systems so that any vapor that escapes during the loading process is captured and handled appropriately. Loading equipment is connected to an overfill protection system that is specially designed to prevent spills. We take all appropriate precautions to protect waterways at our marine terminal locations. In-line inspection devices, or smart pigs, like this are used regularly to check the integrity of pipelines. What Is a High-Consequence Area? High-consequence areas, or HCAs, are population centers, drinking-water zones, ecological areas and navigable waterways. Preventative and mitigative measures are given priority in HCAs in order to protect these sensitive and vital areas. Contact your local Phillips 66 Pipeline LLC office to learn more about HCAs in your area. What Can You Do? Local emergency responders and public officials play an important role in pipeline safety. Some of the ways you can help ensure the safety of the community and our pipeline and terminal operations include: Know the location of the pipelines and storage terminals in your community. Look for pipeline markers and view pipeline maps for your area using the National Pipeline Mapping System: Or contact your local Phillips 66 Pipeline LLC office. Review emergency response plans and participate in emergency response exercises with local Phillips 66 Pipeline LLC personnel. Watch for suspicious or unauthorized activity on pipeline rights-of-way or near storage terminals. Encourage the use of the one-call system. One easy call to 811 begins the process of having underground utilities marked for free before any digging project. Coordinate road construction, underground utility installation or other land development plans with Phillips 66 Pipeline LLC if one of our pipelines is in the vicinity. 4

8 Emergency Preparedness Phillips 66 Pipeline LLC follows Department of Transportation, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, and Environmental Protection Agency regulations. We periodically conduct tabletop and emergency response exercises in accordance with these requirements so that we will be able to respond to any emergency situation in an organized and effective manner. Our employees have been trained as First Responders, Operations Level a term used to describe a defensive response to contain a release from a safe distance, keep it from spreading, and prevent exposures. We coordinate with local response agencies to aid and assist them in their efforts to respond to pipeline-related emergencies. In the event of an accidental release of product, our facilities have fail-safe systems that help mitigate a release. At our terminals, emergency shutdown (ESD) systems will shut down pipeline receipts, stop truck loading and close storage tanks. At our pipeline pumping stations, the ESD systems will shut down pumping units and close key block valves. Along our pipeline, block valves are placed at strategic intervals for use in isolating any portion of the pipeline system. The ESD system can be activated manually onsite, remotely by our control center, or by one of the various facility electronic detection devices. A copy of our emergency response plan has been provided to your local Emergency Operations Center and is updated annually. If you have any questions about our emergency response plans, contact your local Phillips 66 Pipeline LLC office or call our toll-free non-emergency information line at: Emergency Response Programs Phillips 66 Pipeline LLC is involved in several programs that will enable our personnel and first responders to meet the challenges of an emergency. We have developed a public awareness program that strives to educate, inform, and participate with local, state and federal agencies, first responders, residents, excavators, schools and civic organizations. We want to build a good relationship with our stakeholders so that during an emergency situation we will be able to work effectively together. Some of the emergency response programs we participate in are federally mandated, and some are voluntarily initiated by Phillips 66 Pipeline LLC. Each program is outlined in the emergency response manual, and our personnel are continuously trained to respond to emergency situations. This section will provide the highlights of these key programs. The Key Programs Include: Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (OPA 90) National Preparedness for Response Exercise Program (PREP) National Incident Management System (NIMS) Incident Command System (ICS) Oil Pollution Act (OPA 90) In response to the federally mandated requirements of OPA 90, Phillips 66 Pipeline LLC has developed an emergency response manual for our maintenance groups and terminals. The emergency response manuals provide a wide range of information, including the following: Emergency Response Action Plan Provides a quick reference guide to emergency responders phone numbers, contractors capabilities and response times, and an immediate action checklist. 5

9 Facility Information Includes detailed information about the facility, legal description, types of products handled, qualified individuals, etc. Hazard Evaluation Includes spill history, spill planning distance calculations and vulnerability analysis for downstream receptors. Oil Spill Response Scenarios Small, medium and large scenarios have been developed and may be used during drills or to simply review procedures. Plan Implementation Defines each individual role and discusses the Incident Command System. The plan describes how we will work within the Unified Command to respond to emergency situations. Self Inspections, Drills and Training Outlines steps that we will take to ensure that each facility is prepared in the event of an emergency. Appendices These are attachments to the Emergency Response Plan that include detailed pipeline maps that identify drinking water resources, ecological resource, and cultural resources; reporting requirements; a site specific health and safety plan; contractor equipment lists; and the Spill Prevention and Control Countermeasures Plan, where applicable. National Preparedness for Response Exercise Program (PREP) Phillips 66 Pipeline LLC has participated in PREP since its inception and helped develop the voluntary PREP guidelines. We follow PREP to maintain compliance with OPA 90 regulations and to ensure that our personnel are prepared in the event of an emergency. Our terminals are regulated by federal, state and local agencies. Each agency has slightly different drill requirements. These requirements are outlined in the emergency response manual. The primary elements of the drill program are notification drills, tabletop exercises, facility-owned equipment deployment drills, contractor drills, unannounced drills by government agencies, and area-wide drills conducted by industry and government agencies. Drills serve to evaluate the thoroughness and effectiveness of the emergency response component of the emergency response plan by testing it under simulated conditions. Drills are conducted in accordance with the PREP to maintain maximum effectiveness of the plan. Phillips 66 Pipeline LLC has implemented an emergency preparedness program, not because we anticipate emergency situations arising, but because we recognize that even the safest environments can have emergencies thrust upon them. We also care enough about our employees, the community and the environment around us to be prepared to minimize the effects of an emergency should one arise. The program provides the framework for preparing our employees and responders to deal with emergency situations. National Incident Management System (NIMS) Incident Command System (ICS) Phillips 66 Pipeline LLC has adopted the NIMS ICS for response to emergency situations. We believe that by utilizing NIMS ICS and the Unified Command, all parties involved in the response will be informed and involved in decision making. We recognize that public agencies have valuable 6

10 expertise in emergency response situations and that Phillips 66 Pipeline LLC personnel are knowledgeable concerning the products that we work with on a day-to-day basis. Utilizing NIMS ICS will enable all parties to work together efficiently and effectively to address any emergency situation that may occur. In the Event of an Emergency 1. Get detailed information about the emergency and refer to the North America Emergency Response Guidebook ( erg/gydebook.htm). 2. Call our control center, , and provide the detailed information. Phillips 66 Pipeline LLC personnel will be sent to the emergency site. 3. Approach the emergency site from the upwind direction and park your vehicle at a safe distance from the emergency site. A vapor cloud may not be visible, but vapors may be on the ground. 4. Evacuate people from the danger area to an upwind location. 5. Obtain medical help if needed. 6. Keep the danger area secure. Block off roads, railroads and other routes around the site. 7. Eliminate ignition sources such as car engines, pilot lights, smoking materials, radios and cell phones. 8. DO NOT attempt to close any valves without direction from Phillips 66 Pipeline LLC personnel. 9. DO NOT attempt to extinguish a highly volatile liquids (HVL) ethane, butane, propane or mixtures fire on the pipeline unless instructed by our representative. Accumulation of HVL vapors can pose a greater hazard of explosion if reignition occurs. 10. Perimeter fires can be extinguished. Be careful when containing liquid spills with techniques such as building earthen dams to prevent oil from flowing further, or setting up booms or flumes on waterways. The One-Call System The one-call system is a call-before-you-dig notification utilized by excavators, including homeowners, before starting any excavation project. The state one-call center notifies all of the underground utilities in the area when a digging project is planned so they can mark the location of their lines. Most states require one-call notification two or three days before digging. The one-call system also may be the quickest way to bring all area utilities together in an emergency response. By calling the one-call number in your state during an emergency, you can quickly identify utilities in the area along with their emergency numbers. 811 was introduced in 2007 as the new nationwide one-call number. Calls to 811 are routed to the appropriate state one-call center. Maintenance Construction Activity Phillips 66 Pipeline LLC has procedures in place for conducting excavations and repairs on our pipelines in compliance with U.S. Department of Transportation regulations. These procedures include risk assessment and planning and safety requirements. A written plan is prepared for each project and, where applicable, all affected parties including employees, pipeline controllers, contractors, other utilities (through the use of the one-call system), neighbors and local emergency responders are made aware of the plan. 7

11 Product Characteristics Products transported and stored in our pipeline and terminal system include refined products, crude oils, highly volatile liquids, natural gas and hydrogen as described below. Refined Products Refined products can include several grades of finished gasoline, gasoline blending components, aviation fuels, diesel fuel and heating fuels. Some refined products remain in their liquid state at normal temperature and pressure. Others remain as liquids to begin with, but will gradually evaporate. Gasolines evaporate rather quickly; other fuels more slowly. Characteristics of refined products are: Refined products can vary widely in color. Many products have dye added to indicate the grade, quality, or to identify a marketer s brand. The vapors are heavier than air and tend to settle to the ground. Gasolines of various kinds are the most flammable. Kerosene and fuel oil are somewhat less likely to ignite, but should still be considered dangerous. The health hazard is low from breathing low concentrations of refined products. They sometimes cause minor skin irritations. Higher concentrations of refined products may lead to asphyxiation caused by displacement of oxygen. Crude Oils Crude oils are liquids at normal temperature and pressure. However, the more volatile components will vaporize or boil off. Characteristics of crude oil are: The color of crude oil can vary from yellow to nearly black. The vapors are heavier than air and tend to settle near the ground. Flash points of crude oil mixtures can vary. Crude oils are not as flammable as some other products, but they will burn, producing intense heat and smoke. Sour crude contains hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S), and under certain conditions can be recognized by its rotten egg odor. Light concentrations of H2S will cause throat and eye irritation and breathing difficulty. Heavier concentrations will cause dizziness similar to intoxication and may lead to serious breathing difficulty and even death. Highly Volatile Liquids (HVL) Highly Volatile Liquids (HVL) are comprised of products such as ethane, butane, propane or mixtures of the individual components after processing. HVLs are transported as a liquid when under pressure in the pipeline, but become gaseous and form a vapor cloud if released in the atmosphere. The vapor clouds: Are highly flammable and ignite very easily. The fire hazard is actually higher on a calm day, since the vapors remain more concentrated instead of being dispersed in the air. Are heavier than air and tend to settle to the ground, especially in low-lying areas. Can vary in size depending on wind and humidity conditions. Can drift from the immediate vicinity of a leak, becoming much less visible and detectable only by a gas detector. The vapors can still be ignitable and very dangerous. Displace oxygen which can result in asphyxiation. They can cause severe freeze burns if they come into contact with the skin. Some HVLs can contain hydrogen sulfide (H2S). See the effects from H2S under sour crude oils above. 8

12 Natural Gas Natural gas is a gaseous fossil fuel consisting primarily of methane, but including significant quantities of ethane, butane, propane, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, helium and hydrogen sulfide. It is found in crude oil fields and natural gas fields and in coal beds (as coalbed methane). Natural gas alone will not burn. Combustion can occur only when there is a mixture of gas and air, containing between five and 15 percent natural gas and between 85 and 95 percent air. When natural gas burns, it produces mostly carbon dioxide and water vapor the same substance emitted when people breathe. Compared with other fossil fuels, natural gas emits the least amount of carbon dioxide into the air as it is burned, making it the cleanest-burning fossil fuel. Hydrogen Hydrogen is a colorless gas with no odor. Other characteristics of hydrogen are: Hydrogen gas can reduce oxygen available for breathing. It is extremely flammable and burns with a clear flame that can be hard to see. Vapors may travel considerable distances to a source of ignition where they can ignite, flash back or explode. Liquid Products Flammable Range Flash Point Vapor Pres. Hazard Identification LEL UEL 100 ºF Health Flammability Reactivity Crude Oils Gasolines Distillates 1 5 > Ethanol Isopentane Butane* Butadiene* Propane* Propylene* NGL\E-P mix* Ethylene* Gas Products Flammable Range Flash Point Vapor Pres. Hazard Identification LEL UEL 100 ºF Health Flammability Reactivity Natural Gas Hydrogen < -100 N/A All liquid products are lighter than water, with flammable vapors heavier than air; are clear to dark colored. Odors range from no odor to strong odor (crude oil containing H 2 S toxic gas). * Moved as liquids, these turn to gas if released and may form a vapor cloud. Refer to Department of Transportation Emergency Response Guidebook for response actions. 9

13 Identifying Pipeline Markers Pipeline markers are located throughout our pipeline routes and at sites like road crossings to help identify the approximate location of our pipelines. Examples of pipeline markers are shown in the photos at the top of this page. Our line markers list the commodity transported, the company name and a 24-hour emergency telephone number where a person monitoring our pipelines can be reached at any time. The information provided on the line marker is helpful, but limited. It is important to remember that: Line markers are placed near the pipelines, but not necessarily directly on top of them. A pipeline may not follow a straight line between adjacent markers. Line markers cannot be relied on to provide information on the depth or number of pipelines in the area. Identifying a Pipeline Release Sight: A dense white cloud or fog could indicate a release of propane or other liquefied petroleum gas. Accumulation of petroleum products on the ground. A rainbow sheen on water. A spot of discolored or dead vegetation on a pipeline right-of-way. Fire and smoke if the petroleum product has ignited. Sound: Listen for unusual noises from a slight hiss to a roaring sound, depending on the magnitude of the leak. Smell: Detecting any strange or unusual odor can be an indication of a leak. Each petroleum product has its own characteristics. However, propane, butane and natural gas are virtually odorless in the pipeline. Odorant is added to propane as it is being loaded onto transport trailers to allow users a way to detect it. Rainbow sheen on water. Dead vegetation on pipeline right-of-way. 10

14 Pipeline right-of-way greenbelt. Planning Development Around Pipelines Our Common Goal: Safety One way we enhance the safety of our pipelines is through cooperation with public planning officials, property owners and developers to effectively manage land development around pipelines. Public planning officials play an important role by connecting pipeline operators to property owners and developers early in the development planning process. Planning and other public officials help communicate encroachment concerns to owners and developers through the public planning review process, thus avoiding potential project delays later. We encourage planning officials to incorporate policies within the planning review and approval process that will help ensure public safety near pipelines. An example of good public policy implementation in the planning process includes the promotion of greenbelts around pipelines in high-density urban areas. Greenbelts enable Phillips 66 Pipeline LLC employees and local emergency responders to quickly access pipelines in the unlikely event of an emergency. Greenbelts also allow easier access for pipeline inspection and maintenance activities. Other examples of good surface development control policies include implementation of building setbacks and utility crossing standards. While property change of use is inevitable, proper planning and site development oversight by planners and other municipal officials can help provide: Safety and well-being of the general public. Protection of the environment. Pipeline awareness. Enhanced communication between owners/ developers and Phillips 66 Pipeline LLC. Protection of Phillips 66 Pipeline LLC s established easement rights. By bringing all parties together to achieve the common goal of public safety, local public officials help ensure that approval of residential and commercial subdivisions near pipelines is done in a way that promotes pipeline awareness and safe pipeline operations. Encroachments Encroachments are obstructions that can limit or impair our ability to effectively maintain our pipelines in a safe operating environment. Examples of common encroachments include buildings, patios, swimming pools, septic systems, trees and fences. Many pipeline systems were constructed before federal pipeline safety regulations were enacted to promote safer pipeline operations. Before these regulations took effect, pipeline operators experienced many encroachments on their pipelines and rightsof-way. Pipeline encroachment programs are aimed at avoiding situations like the one above where a house and garage are encroaching into a pipeline operator s established right-of-way. Encroachments can impede pipeline operators ability to inspect and maintain pipelines, and hinder response efforts in the event of an emergency. 11

15 Pipeline right-of-way greenbelt. Development near pipelines with appropriate building setbacks. Federal pipeline safety regulations enacted by Congress have granted the U.S. Department of Transportation with regulatory oversight of regulated pipelines. Phillips 66 Pipeline LLC and other operators now have guidelines that provide for our implementation of an encroachment program that meets federal pipeline safety standards. Phillips 66 Pipeline LLC s encroachment program includes providing for greenbelts along rights-of-way, building setbacks, utility crossing standards and adequate cover over our pipelines. Our goal is to make stakeholders aware of our pipelines so that private property owners, developers and the public can safely conduct their activities in the vicinity of our pipelines. Our pipelines are covered by written easement agreements that provide for reasonable legal protection against unacceptable encroachments and are filed as public records in the counties and parishes where we operate. We require advance review and approval of construction plans that impact our established pipeline rights-of-way so that encroachment issues can be mitigated. Phillips 66 Pipeline LLC created a set of guidelines to help us safely protect against unreasonable surface encroachments around our pipelines. Encroachment Guidelines Setbacks: Buildings and other engineering structures or works, including but not limited to: barns, sheds, pools, ponds, retaining walls, decks, etc Paralleling utilities: sewer, water, electric, telecommunication, fences, etc Paralleling roads Non-paralleling utility poles... 8 Non-paralleling fence posts... 4 Cover/Grade Elevation Changes: Minimum of 36 to 48 of cover required Minimum of 48 of cover required at all road crossings. Excessive fill over pipelines not allowed maximum of 72 cover allowed. Utility Crossings: Pass underneath with minimum 18 clearance (24 for electric). Communication, TV or electric encased in minimum Schedule 40 steel or PVC casing. High-voltage electric lines covered with. 4 thick x 24 wide concrete slab. Warning tape installed over all foreign utility crossings. Utility crossings where practicable at 90 degrees (but not less than 45 degrees). Contact us for a complete list of guidelines at Encroachments on pipeline right-of-way. 12

16 Development near pipelines with appropriate building setbacks. Pipeline right-of-way greenbelt. Right-of-Way Maintenance Trees, fences, storage buildings and other encroachments on pipeline rights-of-way can hinder our ability to inspect and maintain our pipelines. Tree roots can cause damage to protective pipeline coatings. Encroachments also can limit response efforts in the event of an emergency. Keeping rights-of-way clear in this manner helps ensure the safety of the pipeline and our pipeline neighbors. Phillips 66 Pipeline LLC will periodically clear trees, limbs or other vegetation from a right-of-way to ensure our ability to inspect and maintain the pipeline. When it is necessary to clear a right-of-way, Phillips 66 Pipeline LLC personnel will make reasonable efforts to notify and work with the affected property owners and other stakeholders. Please contact us at for more information about our encroachment guidelines or to discuss a project with one of our right-of-way representatives. The photo on the left shows a tree planted directly on top of a pipeline. The photo on the right shows the tree s roots wrapping around the pipeline, potentially damaging the pipeline s protective coating. 13

17 A Trip Along the Pipeline Phillips 66 Pipeline LLC knows about crude oil and natural gas. We re involved in every aspect of the petroleum industry exploring for and producing crude oil and natural gas; processing and refining; and marketing the refined products. Our geologists and drillers are looking for hydrocarbon reserves today that will be in the pipeline years from now. Phillips 66 Pipeline LLC has its own environmental experts who make sure we operate in harmony with the air, water and ground around our facilities. The pipeline system and associated pumping units are continuously monitored and controlled at our state-of-the-art control center. Crude oil and liquefied gases produced at individual wells are transported primarily by pipeline for processing and refining. Some crude oil is delivered via oceangoing tanker ships. Signs like this tell you that a pipeline is nearby, but not necessarily right under the sign. Crude oil is processed at the refinery into products such as jet fuel, gasoline and diesel. The fuels that we use every day are most safely transported by pipeline. Storage terminals are located along the pipeline. From the terminals, petroleum products are distributed to local retail outlets or sent further up the pipeline for other customers. At the terminal, trucks are filled for delivery to local gas stations. Tanker truck drivers have special licenses and training. We only fill trucks that pass safety inspections and governmentrequired tightness testing. We fly and drive along our pipelines on a regular basis to check for problems. 14

18 Pipeline Terminology Barrel: 42 U.S. gallons. Batch: A quantity of petroleum product of like specifications moved through the pipeline as an identifiable unit. Booster Station: A pump station used to increase the pressure of the product received through a main pipeline to transmit it to the next station or terminal. Cold Zone: Area safe for necessary personnel. Common Carrier: Any transportation system available for use by the public for transporting cargo; almost all interstate pipelines are common carriers. Crude Oil: The basic raw mineral pumped from the earth. There are many different grades of crude, each containing various vapors, liquids and solids. Crude oil is processed at a refinery into products. Flash Point: The lowest temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid is sufficient enough to produce a flammable mixture at the lower explosive limit. Gathering Lines: A small diameter pipeline used in gathering crude oil from the oil field to a common point for further movement to a trunk line. High Pressure Pipelines: Pipe systems which operate up to 2,000 psi and higher. Hot Zone: Area where hazardous vapors and liquids are present. Interface: The mixture which occurs in normal pipeline operations between batches of petroleum products or crude having different specifications. Also called slop or transmix. Line Section: A continuous run of pipe between locations. Lower Explosive Limit (LEL): The minimum concentration of vapor to air below which propagation of a flame will not occur in the presence of an ignition source. Manifold: An arrangement of piping valves to provide interconnecting links between a number of pumps, tanks and lines at a pump station. Pig: A device placed inside a pipeline that is used to clean or scrape residues from the inner wall of the pipe. Pipeline System: All parts of the physical facilities through which commodities move, including line pipe, valves, pumping units, metering stations and tankage. Products: Refined substances made from crude oil. Gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, propane and butane are some of the products that we transport in our pipelines. Smart Pig: A device placed inside the pipeline to provide data about the pipeline, such as measuring dents or locating corrosion. Tank Farm/Storage Terminal: A group of tanks connected to a pipeline through which crude oil and products are moved. Trunk Line: A main pipeline. Upper Explosive Limit (UEL): The maximum vapor-to-air concentration above which propagation of flame will not occur in the presence of an ignition source. Vapor Pressure: The pressure exerted by a vapor-air mixture above the surface of a liquid in a closed container. 15

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20 In the Event of an Emergency 1. Get detailed information about the emergency and refer to the North America Emergency Response Guidebook ( gydebook.htm). 2. Call our control center, , and provide the detailed information. Phillips 66 Pipeline LLC personnel will be sent to the emergency site. 3. Approach the emergency site from the upwind direction, and park your vehicle at a safe distance from the emergency site. A vapor cloud may not be visible, but vapors may be on the ground. 4. Evacuate people from the danger area to an upwind location. 5. Obtain medical help if needed. 6. Keep the danger area secure. Block off roads, railroads and other routes around the site. 7. Eliminate ignition sources such as car engines, pilot lights, smoking materials, radios and cell phones. 8. DO NOT attempt to close any valves without direction from Phillips 66 Pipeline LLC personnel. 9. DO NOT attempt to extinguish a highly volatile liquids (HVL) ethane, butane, propane or mixtures fire on the pipeline unless instructed by our representative. Accumulation of HVL vapors can pose a greater hazard of explosion if re-ignition occurs. 10. Perimeter fires can be extinguished. Be careful when containing liquid spills with techniques such as building earthen dams to prevent oil from flowing further, or setting up booms or flumes on waterways. CSH