Safety of Navigation for Naval Vessels

Transcription

1 RULES FOR CLASSIFICATION OF Ships / High Speed, Light Craft and Naval Surface Craft PART 6 CHAPTER 17 NEWBUILDINGS SPECIAL EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS ADDITIONAL CLASS Safety of Navigation for Naval Vessels JANUARY 2005 This chapter has been amended since the main revision (January 2005), most recently in July See Changes on page 3. The content of this service document is the subject of intellectual property rights reserved by Det Norske Veritas AS (DNV). The user accepts that it is prohibited by anyone else but DNV and/or its licensees to offer and/or perform classification, certification and/or verification services, including the issuance of certificates and/or declarations of conformity, wholly or partly, on the basis of and/or pursuant to this document whether free of charge or chargeable, without DNV's prior written consent. DNV is not responsible for the consequences arising from any use of this document by others.

2 FOREWORD DET NORSKE VERITAS (DNV) is an autonomous and independent foundation with the objectives of safeguarding life, property and the environment, at sea and onshore. DNV undertakes classification, certification, and other verification and consultancy services relating to quality of ships, offshore units and installations, and onshore industries worldwide, and carries out research in relation to these functions. The Rules lay down technical and procedural requirements related to obtaining and retaining a Class Certificate. It is used as a contractual document and includes both requirements and acceptance criteria. The electronic pdf version of this document found through is the officially binding version Det Norske Veritas AS January 2005 Any comments may be sent by to rules@dnv.com For subscription orders or information about subscription terms, please use distribution@dnv.com Computer Typesetting (Adobe Frame Maker) by Det Norske Veritas If any person suffers loss or damage which is proved to have been caused by any negligent act or omission of Det Norske Veritas, then Det Norske Veritas shall pay compensation to such person for his proved direct loss or damage. However, the compensation shall not exceed an amount equal to ten times the fee charged for the service in question, provided that the maximum compensation shall never exceed USD 2 million. In this provision "Det Norske Veritas" shall mean the Foundation Det Norske Veritas as well as all its subsidiaries, directors, officers, employees, agents and any other acting on behalf of Det Norske Veritas.

3 Rules for Ships / High Speed, Light Craft and Naval Surface Craft, January 2005 Pt.6 Ch.17 Changes Page 3 CHANGES General The Board approved this new chapter 29 November The rules come into force on 1 July Text affected by the main rule changes is highlighted in red colour in the electronic pdf version. However, where the changes involve a whole chapter, section or sub-section, only the title may be in red colour. This chapter is valid until superseded by a revised chapter. Amendments July 2011 General The restricted use legal clause found in Pt.1 Ch.1 Sec.5 has been added also on the front page. In addition, the layout has been changed to one column in order to improve electronic readability.

4 Rules for Ships / High Speed, Light Craft and Naval Surface Craft, January 2005 Amended July 2011, see page 3 Pt.6 Ch.17 Contents Page 4 CONTENTS Sec. 1 General Requirements... 6 A. Classification... 6 A 100 Objective... 6 A 200 Application... 6 A 300 Structure of the rules... 6 A 400 General... 6 A 500 Definitions... 6 A 600 Approval of drawings... 8 A 700 Tests and trials... 8 A 800 Exemptions and equivalents... 9 A 900 References... 9 Sec. 2 Design of Workplace A. General A 100 General requirements B. Bridge and Workstation Arrangement B 100 General requirements B 200 Arrangement of navigational systems and equipment B 300 Console configuration B 400 Chairs B 500 Additional workstations C. Bridge Configuration C 100 General requirements C 200 Field of vision C 300 Blind sectors C 400 Clear view through windows D. Requirements Specific for SOLAS Vessels D 100 General D 200 Bridge configuration D 300 Workstation arrangement and field of vision D 400 Arrangement of navigational systems and equipment D 500 Passageways and clear deck head heights E. Requirements Specific for HSC Code Vessels E 100 General E 200 Bridge configuration E 300 Workstation arrangements and field of vision Sec. 3 Bridge Working Environment A. Requirements for Bridge Working Environment A 100 General requirements A 200 Ventilation A 300 Noise A 400 Vibrations A 500 Lighting A 600 Safety of personnel Sec. 4 Carriage Requirements for Navigational Systems and Equipment A. General A 100 General A 200 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) A 300 Approval, surveys and performance standards of navigational systems and equipment B. Carriage Requirements B 100 General requirements B 200 Heading information system B 300 Speed and distance measuring device B 400 Echo-sounding device B 500 Radar installations B 600 Electronic positioning systems B 700 Rate-of-turn indicator and rudder angle indicator B 800 Steering arrangement and propulsion indicator(s) B 900 Heading control system (HCS) B 1000 Sound reception system... 31

5 Amended July 2011, see page 3 Rules for Ships / High Speed, Light Craft and Naval Surface Craft, January 2005 Pt.6 Ch.17 Contents Page 5 B 1100 Automatic identification system (AIS) B 1200 Voyage data recorder (VDR) B 1300 Searchlight and daylight signalling lamp B 1400 Night vision equipment B 1500 Nautical charts and nautical publications B 1600 Communication facilities B 1700 Bridge alarm management B 1800 Other navigational aids... 34

6 Rules for Ships / High Speed, Light Craft and Naval Surface Craft, January 2005 Amended July 2011, see page 3 Pt.6 Ch.17 Sec.1 Page 6 SECTION 1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS A. Classification A 100 Objective 101 The Rules for Safety of Navigation for Naval Vessels puts forth a set of requirements and guidelines in compliance with the principles and aims of The International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS), Chapter V (Safety of Navigation), and The International Code of Safety for High-Speed Craft (HSC), Chapter 13 (Shipborne Navigational systems and equipment and voyage data recorders) and Chapter 15 (Operating compartment layout) as amended. 102 The aims of SOLAS Ch. V Regulation 15 on principles related to bridge design, design and arrangement of navigational systems and equipment and bridge procedures have, as far as practicable for naval vessels, been applied as recommended in Unified Interpretation SC 181 of the International Association of Class Societies (IACS). A 200 Application 201 Unless expressly provided otherwise, these rules apply to all naval vessels on all voyages, except: vessel of less than 24 meters of length (length over all (LOA)) submarines. Special requirements for naval vessels built to fulfil SOLAS requirements are laid down in Sec.2 D. Special requirements for naval vessels built to fulfil HSC Code requirements are laid down in Sec.2 E. All other requirements are applicable to all naval vessels. 202 The vessels will be assigned the Class Notation NAUT-NAVY when the relevant requirements (ref. A201) in these rules are complied with. A 300 Structure of the rules 301 The rules are structured to: establish functional requirements to the greatest possible extent give guidance as to how requirements which are expressed in terms of functional criteria can be met by technical solutions. 302 A functional requirement is as far as possible expressed without entering quantification. The functional requirements have a principle status and will only be adjusted if the functions to be carried out on the bridge are altered. 303 A Guidance note, as far as possible, quantifies approvable solutions, but does not exclude the application of alternative solutions provided the functional requirements are met. A Guidance note will be amended whenever technical development or operational experience forms the basis for better options. A 400 General 401 For the application of these rules, wherever the term Administration is quoted, this shall be read as the Naval Flag Authority. Wherever the Society is quoted, this shall be read as the Classification Society. 402 Navigational equipment installed, not necessarily required by the rules, that may have an impact on safety of main functions as listed in Pt.1 Ch.1 Sec.1 A200 shall be certified in accordance with the requirements of Pt.4 Ch Early involvement in the bridge design phase is of great importance for the classification work. After a client has requested DNV class, efforts should be made to establish contact between the client's bridge design team and the classification team. Preliminary sketches giving a bridge design overview should be forwarded to the relevant approval centre for comments as soon as possible. A 500 Definitions 501 For the purpose of these rules: 1. Alarm: An alarm or alarm system, which announces by audible and visual means a condition requiring attention. 1.1 Accept: Manual silencing of an audible alarm. 1.2 Acknowledge: Action for silencing of audible alarm and bringing visual alarm to steady state.

7 Amended July 2011, see page 3 Rules for Ships / High Speed, Light Craft and Naval Surface Craft, January 2005 Pt.6 Ch.17 Sec.1 Page Cancel: Manual stopping of a visual alarm after the cause has been eliminated. 2. Bridge: The area from which the navigation and control of the vessel is exercised, including the wheelhouse and bridge wings. 2.1 Bridge wings: Those parts of the bridge on both sides of the vessel s wheelhouse which, in general, extend to the vessel s side. 2.2 Navigating bridge: Area of a wheelhouse or enclosed bridge allocated navigating functions and control of the vessel, and which includes any additional bridge workstation to be used by the officer of the watch. 2.3 Totally enclosed bridge: A bridge without open bridge wings, meaning that bridge wings form an integral part of an enclosed wheelhouse. 2.4 Wheelhouse: Enclosed area of the bridge. 2.5 Bridge team: Designated persons from the vessel s crew, and the pilot if onboard, taking actively part in the safe navigation, manoeuvring and operation of the vessel. 3. Bridge functions: Functions comprising tasks related to operation of the vessel and carried out on the bridge. 3.1 Primary bridge functions: Functions related to determination, execution and maintenance of safe course, speed and position of the vessel in relation to the waters, traffic and weather conditions. Such functions are: route planning functions navigation functions collision avoidance functions manoeuvring functions docking functions monitoring of safety systems external and internal communication related to safety in bridge operations including distress situations pilotage functions. 3.2 Additional bridge functions: Functions related to vessel operations which shall be carried out on the bridge in addition to primary functions, but not necessarily by the watch officer. Examples of such functions are: extended communication functions monitoring and control of sensors and weapon systems monitoring and control of ballasting and cargo operations (e.g. replenishment at sea) monitoring and control of machinery monitoring and control of domestic systems. 4. Close to: Within functional reach (inside the wheelhouse). 5. Collision avoidance functions: Detection and plotting of other vessels and moving objects; determination and execution of course and speed deviations to avoid collision. 6. Commanding view: View without obstructions which could interfere with the navigator s ability to perform his main tasks, covering at least the field of vision required for safe performance of collision avoidance functions (225 ). 7. Conning station or position: Place in the wheelhouse with a commanding view, providing the necessary information for command and control and which is used by navigators, including pilots, when monitoring and directing the vessel s movements. 8. Docking: Manoeuvring the vessel alongside a berth while controlling mooring operations. 9. Manoeuvring: Operation of steering systems and propulsion machinery as required to move the vessel into predetermined directions, positions or tracks. 10. Monitoring: Act of constantly checking information from instrument displays and environment in order to detect any irregularities. 11. Navigation: Planning of the vessel s route and determination of position and course of the vessel, execution of course alterations and speed changes. 12. Operating conditions: 12.1 Normal operating conditions: When all shipboard systems and equipment related to primary bridge functions operate within design limits, and weather conditions or traffic do not cause excessive workload for the navigator Irregular operating conditions: When external conditions cause excessive workload for the navigator Abnormal operating conditions: When malfunction of technical systems requires operation of backup systems on the bridge, or when it occurs during an irregular operating condition, or when the officer of the watch becomes unfit to perform his duties and has not yet been replaced by another qualified officer.

8 Rules for Ships / High Speed, Light Craft and Naval Surface Craft, January 2005 Amended July 2011, see page 3 Pt.6 Ch.17 Sec.1 Page Emergency situations: When incidents seriously affect internal operating conditions of the vessel and the ability to maintain safe course and speed (fire, vessel system technical failure, structural damage) Distress situations: Loss of propulsion and/or steering, or when the vessel is not seaworthy due to other reasons (situation prior to abandon ship situation). 13. Route planning: Pre-determination of course lines, radius turns and speed in relation to the waters to be navigated. 14. Workstation: A workplace at which one or several tasks constituting a particular activity are carried out, and which provides the information and equipment required for safe performance of the tasks. 15. Workstation for monitoring: A workstation facilitating equipment and a commanding view for observation of the vessel s heading and speed, the waters and traffic, incorporating means as required for positioning of the vessel, and if located close to the front windows may serve as conning station for the master and a pilot carrying out control and advisory functions. 16. Workstation for navigating and manoeuvring: A workstation with commanding view used by navigators when carrying out navigation, route monitoring, traffic surveillance and manoeuvring functions, and which enables monitoring of the safety state of the vessel. 17. Workstation for radio communication: A workplace for operation and control of equipment for Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS), and shipboard communication for vessel operations. 18. Workstation for safety operations: A workplace dedicated organisation and control of internal emergency and distress operations, and which provides easy access to information related to the safety state of the vessel. A 600 Approval of drawings 601 In order to achieve a full overview of the bridge design and understanding of particular details on individual drawings, it is of outmost importance that a full set of drawings is submitted at the time of approval. Drawings shall be submitted by the shipbuilder to the responsible approval centre for approval in accordance with the list of drawings below: 1) Field of vision drawings showing: a) The horizontal field of vision from the various workstations, including the arc of individual blind sectors and the sum of blind sectors forward of the beam. b) The vertical field of vision over the bow from the conning station and the workstation for navigation and manoeuvring, including the line of sight under the upper edge of the window from standing working position at the workstation. c) Window arrangement, including inclination, dimensions, framing and height of lower and upper edge above bridge deck surface as well as the height of the deck head. 2) Bridge layout drawings showing: a) The bridge layout, including the configuration and location of all primary and additional bridge workstations. b) The size and shape of workstation consoles including console foundations. 3) Equipment location drawings showing: a) Location of instruments and equipment in all workstation consoles. b) Location of equipment located elsewhere on the bridge. 4) List of equipment showing: a) All relevant bridge equipment with specification of type, model, manufacturer, supplier and type approval reference with extension date or copy of valid certificates, when applicable. 5) Manuals or instructions for equipment installed for the use of bridge personnel shall be submitted for information upon request. A 700 Tests and trials 701 A program for the on board testing of the bridge equipment and systems required to be carried, as well as additional navigation equipment installed, shall be submitted for approval at the earliest possible stage before sea trials. 702 Equipment and systems shall be subject to the tests required to ascertain that all controls, indicators, displays, etc., operate in accordance with their specifications and meet applicable requirements (see Sec.4). 703 Failure conditions shall be simulated as realistically as possible on equipment and systems.

9 Amended July 2011, see page 3 Rules for Ships / High Speed, Light Craft and Naval Surface Craft, January 2005 Pt.6 Ch.17 Sec.1 Page 9 A 800 Exemptions and equivalents 801 The Society may grant to individual vessels exemptions or equivalents of a partial or conditional nature, when any such vessel is engaged on a voyage where the maximum distance of the vessel from the shore, the length and nature of the voyage, the absence of general navigation hazards, and other conditions affecting safety are such as to render the full application of this chapter unreasonably or unnecessary, provided that the Naval Flag Authority has taken into account and can document the effect such exemptions and equivalents may have upon the safety of the vessel and of all other vessels. A 900 References 901 The International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS), Chapter V (Safety of Navigation), the International Code of Safety for High-Speed Craft (HSC Code) Chapter 13 (Shipborne navigational systems and equipment and voyage data recorders) and Chapter 15 (Operating compartment layout) and Unified Interpretation SC 181 (BDEAP) of the International Association of Class Societies (IACS) as amended.

10 Rules for Ships / High Speed, Light Craft and Naval Surface Craft, January 2005 Amended July 2011, see page 3 Pt.6 Ch.17 Sec.2 Page 10 SECTION 2 DESIGN OF WORKPLACE A. General A 100 General requirements 101 The design and layout of the bridge from which the crew operate the vessel shall be such as to permit bridge team members to perform their duties in a correct manner without unreasonable difficulty, fatigue or concentration, and to minimize the likelihood of injury to the crew in both normal and emergency conditions. B. Bridge and Workstation Arrangement B 100 General requirements 101 Navigation, communications and other functions essential to the safe operation of the vessel, its engines and systems shall be the main tasks performed from the vessel's navigating bridge. The configuration of workstations and consoles shall provide a workplace for rational and user-friendly placing of equipment, with the aim of: facilitating the tasks to be performed by the bridge team in making full appraisal of the situation and in navigating the vessel safely under all operational conditions promoting effective and safe bridge resource management enabling the bridge team to have convenient and continuous access to essential information allowing for expeditious, continuous and effective information processing and decision-making by the bridge team preventing or minimizing excessive or unnecessary work and any condition or distraction on the bridge which may cause fatigue or interfere with the vigilance of the bridge team. Functions related to naval and military operations, e.g. the operation of weapons and weapon systems, shall not be in conflict with the safe performance of the main tasks listed above, if performed from the navigating bridge. 102 A functional workstation designed in accordance with the established overall operational and ergonomic requirements must provide: a sufficient area for performance of the tasks to be carried out by the number of people that may be required to attend consoles designed for operations at specific workplaces in standing and seated position: enabling installation of equipment to be within reach (see Fig. 1) from the working position avoiding obstruction of the view through bridge windows from seated position chairs suiting ergonomic requirements for efficient use of installed equipment and maintenance of field of vision, if chairs shall be installed.

11 Amended July 2011, see page 3 Rules for Ships / High Speed, Light Craft and Naval Surface Craft, January 2005 Pt.6 Ch.17 Sec.2 Page 11 Fig. 1 Within reach Within reach from a seated position is defined as within mm and within 800 mm for frequently used equipment. Within reach from a standing position is defined as within 800 mm in the forward direction and within mm in sideways directions. 103 All information, controls, facilities and field of vision required to carry out each of the tasks safely and efficiently shall be provided at the corresponding workstations. B 200 Arrangement of navigational systems and equipment 201 Instruments, instrument panels and controls shall be permanently mounted in consoles or other appropriate places, taking into account operation, maintenance and environmental conditions. However, this shall not prevent the use of new control or display techniques, provided the facilities offered are not inferior to recognized standards. 202 All instruments shall be logically grouped according to their functions. In order to reduce to a minimum the risk of confusion, instruments shall not be rationalized by sharing functions or by inter-switching. 203 Instruments required for use by any member of the bridge team shall be plainly visible and easily read: with minimum practicable deviation from his normal seating position and line of vision; and with the minimum risk of confusion under all likely operating conditions. 204 Instruments essential for the safe operation of the vessel shall be clearly marked with any limitation if this information is not otherwise clearly presented to the navigators. 205 Instruments and displays providing visual information to more than one person shall be located for easy viewing by all users concurrently. If this is not possible, the instrument or display shall be duplicated. B 300 Console configuration 301 Consoles shall principally be divided into two areas: a vertical (slanting) part for location of information displays to be easily readable (see Fig. 2) a horizontal part (desktop) for controls, switches and buttons to be within easy reach from the working position.

12 Rules for Ships / High Speed, Light Craft and Naval Surface Craft, January 2005 Amended July 2011, see page 3 Pt.6 Ch.17 Sec.2 Page 12 Fig. 2 Easily readable 302 The height of console desktops at the workplaces for navigation, manoeuvring, traffic surveillance and monitoring shall enable easy use of equipment required for safe performance of the tasks to be performed from both standing and sitting position. To provide a functional reach from standing position, the height of console desktops above bridge deck surface should be 800 mm and not less than 750 mm. The sitting height is governed by the elbow height in relation to console desktop. To provide a functional reach of equipment and easy operation of controls from sitting position, the elbow height of the operator should preferably be 50 mm higher than the console desktop and not less than the height of the desktop. To provide the elbow height required for persons of different size and build in relation to the console desktop, it should be possible to adjust the height of the seat. It should be possible to adjust chair armrests accordingly, if installed, and to fold the armrests away, ref Fig. 3 The console in front of a seated working position shall provide sufficient leg room. The leg room (L) should have a depth of 450 mm and not less than required for a person sitting at a working position 350 mm from the console (chair backrest 440 mm from the edge of the console, requiring a leg room depth of at least 230 mm.) 303 The top of the consoles forming the front workstations shall not be higher than mm, including the foundation of the consoles, for efficient use in standing position and shall not obstruct the field of vision over the lower edge windows in front of the workstation from sitting position.

13 Amended July 2011, see page 3 Rules for Ships / High Speed, Light Craft and Naval Surface Craft, January 2005 Pt.6 Ch.17 Sec.2 Page 13 The console height should not exceed mm. This console height may be accepted for installation at a distance of 350 mm or more from the window, also if it interferes with the line of sight from an eye height of mm, providing the height of the chair can be adjusted to compensate for the interference. Fig. 4 Console height See Fig.6 for eye heights at standing position. 304 Consoles within the required field of vision aft of the front workstation consoles shall not obstruct the horizontal line of sight from the sitting eye height. The height of the consoles should be 100 mm lower than the horizontal line of sight from a seated position and should not exceed mm. If printers, or other equipment, are installed on top of the console, the total height should not exceed the prescribed mm. B 400 Chairs 401 When a chair is installed at a workplace for operations in both standing and seated position, it shall be fastened to rails allowing movement of the seat to enable easy reach of equipment when seated and sufficient room to stand in front of the console when the chair is pushed back/aside. It shall be possible to adjust the height of the seat to suit users of different heights for optimum view and reaching distance. Armrests, if provided, shall be of fold away type and preferably adjustable in height. The seat height of the chair should be adjustable from 550 to 670 mm above the deck surface. A movement in foreaft direction should allow the front edge of the seat to be positioned at the edge of the front console and to allow a free space of at least 700 mm between the chair and console when moved in aft direction. Armrests should preferably be adjustable from 185 and 295 mm above the seat if installed. B 500 Additional workstations 501 Workstations for additional functions which shall be used by the watch officer, shall provide the field of

14 Rules for Ships / High Speed, Light Craft and Naval Surface Craft, January 2005 Amended July 2011, see page 3 Pt.6 Ch.17 Sec.2 Page 14 vision required to maintain efficient look-out (see D301 for vessel built to fulfil SOLAS requirements and E301 for vessels built to fulfil HSC Code requirements) and enable monitoring of the vessel s heading and rudder angle. 502 The location of a workstation for additional functions regarded essential for safe operation of the vessel and to be used by other personnel than the watch officer shall not in any way influence the performance of primary bridge functions. 503 Workstations for additional functions not essential to the safe operation of the vessel, its engines, weapons and sensors, or furniture arranged for meetings or relaxation inside the wheelhouse shall not be installed within the area of the navigating bridge or within field of vision outside this area, which are required for traffic surveillance from workstations. If such workstation or furniture arrangement is installed close to these areas, the use of it shall in no way influence the performance of primary bridge functions, either by use of light, noise disturbance or visual distraction. Ref. IMO Res. A 708 (17). C. Bridge Configuration C 100 General requirements 101 On vessels of unconventional design which, in the opinion of the Administration, cannot comply with this sub-section, arrangements shall be provided to achieve a level of visibility that is as near as practical to that prescribed. A vessel of a special design, dictated by the special purpose and function of the vessel, may be regarded as a vessel of unconventional design (e.g. Stealth vessels). The Society will take into consideration the special nature of the vessel, its service and trade when evaluating the effects an exemption may have upon the safe navigation of the vessel, the safety of all other vessels and the environment. C 200 Field of vision 201 It shall be possible to observe all objects of interest for the navigation such as ships and lighthouses, in any direction by providing a horizontal field of vision to the horizon of 360 within the confines of the bridge. It should be possible to obtain the view of 360 from the bridge by using not more than two positions, one on each side of the workstation for navigating and manoeuvring. 202 When practicable and where it is considered necessary by the Society, the field of vision from the workstation for navigating and manoeuvring shall permit the navigators from this position to utilize leading marks astern of the vessel for track monitoring. The horizontal field of vision from the workstation for navigating and manoeuvring should extend over an arc from dead astern to at least 5 on each side. No blind sectors should occur within the required field of vision higher than mm above the bridge deck surface. An adequate optical device or camera may be accepted for the purpose of achieving the required field of vision astern. 203 The workstation for navigating and manoeuvring and the main conning position shall provide a field of vision enabling maintenance of visual traffic surveillance, extending over a forward arc of not less than 225, that it is from right ahead to 22.5 abaft the beam on either side. See Fig. 5.

15 Amended July 2011, see page 3 Rules for Ships / High Speed, Light Craft and Naval Surface Craft, January 2005 Pt.6 Ch.17 Sec.2 Page 15 Fig. 5 Field of vision from the workstaion for navigating and manoeuvring and the main conning position All workstations to be used by the officer of the watch should provide a forward field of vision of 225, see Fig. 5. A blind sector covering the view abaft the beam on port side may be accepted for workstations to be used infrequently by the watch officer for short periods at a time and for workstations to be used by assisting officers. 204 Workstations for monitoring, navigating and manoeuvring shall provide the required field of vision from a seated working position and shall not be located directly behind large masts, cranes etc. which obstruct the view right ahead from the workstation. 205 The lower and upper edge of windows shall not present an obstruction to the view forward of the bow seen from a seated as well as a standing position at the workstations for monitoring, navigating and manoeuvring. The height of the lower edge of windows above the floor surface should not exceed mm within the required field of vision and the height of the upper edge should be at least mm. 206 The upper edge of the front windows shall allow a forward view of the horizon for a person with a height of eye of mm at the navigating and manoeuvring workstation when the vessel is pitching in heavy seas. If mm height of eye is considered unreasonable and impractical, a reduction of the height may be accepted, but not to less than mm. A vertical angle of view of not less than 5 above a horizontal line from a standing eye height of mm should be provided according to Fig. 6.

16 Rules for Ships / High Speed, Light Craft and Naval Surface Craft, January 2005 Amended July 2011, see page 3 Pt.6 Ch.17 Sec.2 Page 16 Fig. 6 Eye heights at standing position With front windows at an angle of 15, a vertical angle of view of 5 from an eye height of mm may be provided at a distance of mm from the front bulkhead, allowing for a passageway of mm in front of workstation consoles. As a point of reference, the standing eye height of a 95 th percentile Northern European or North American male is approximately mm and stature of the same 95 th percentile is approximately mm. C 300 Blind sectors 301 Blind sectors caused by deck equipment, weapon systems, divisions between windows and other obstructions appearing in the required field of vision of 225, shall be as few and as small as possible, and in no way hamper a safe lookout from the workstations for navigating and manoeuvring and monitoring. The total arc of blind sectors within this field of vision shall not exceed 30. To help reducing the size of internal blind sectors caused by bridge wing bulwarks and divisions between windows in bridge wing bulkheads, such bulwarks and bulkheads should be located in a line of sight seen from the working position at the front workstations. See Fig.7 and Fig.12. Fig. 7 Front bulkhead of bridge wing in line of sight from the workstation 302 Over an arc from dead ahead to at least 10 on each side of the bow, the total blind sector shall not exceed 5. Elsewhere, each individual blind sector within the required field of vision shall not exceed The clear sector between two blind sectors shall be at least 5 and not less than the size of the broadest blind sector on either side of the clear sector.

17 Amended July 2011, see page 3 Rules for Ships / High Speed, Light Craft and Naval Surface Craft, January 2005 Pt.6 Ch.17 Sec.2 Page 17 In order to comply with the requirements to field of vision from the main workstations in 203 (Fig. 5), requiring a field of vision of 225 and not less than 22.5 abaft the beam, a clear sector should extend from 22.5 abaft the beam and forward on either side of the vessel. C 400 Clear view through windows 401 Windows shall meet the following requirements: 1) Bridge windows shall be angled to reduce unwanted reflections. To help avoid reflections, the bridge front windows should be inclined from the vertical plane top out, at an angle of not less than 10 and not more than 25. The rear and side windows should be inclined from the vertical plane top out, at an angle of 4 ~5 to help avoid reflections. Vessels of unconventional design (see 101), e.g. Stealth vessels, that, according to the Administration, is not suitable to be fitted with angled windows might be exempted from this requirement if the arrangement of light sources meets the requirements of Sec.3 A505, and also all other unwanted reflections, such as sun reflection on navigational displays, are avoided without inclination of the windows. 2) Divisions between windows shall be kept to a minimum and not be placed in front of any workstation, for example the radars. If stiffeners between windows shall be covered, this shall not cause further obstruction of the field of vision from any position inside the wheelhouse. The division between windowpanes, especially within the required field of vision, should not exceed 150 mm. If stiffeners are used, divisions should not exceed 100 mm in width and 120 mm in depth. The width of windowpanes within the field of vision required for traffic surveillance should not be less than mm in order to limit the number of stiffeners. 3) Polarized and tinted windows shall not be fitted. 4) To enable visual observations through windows to be maintained under all weather conditions, all windows within the required field of vision from the working position at workstations to be used by bridge personnel, including pilots, shall provide a clear view regardless of weather conditions. The following means should be installed to provide a clear view through windows: - sunscreens of roller blind type - heavy duty blade type wipers and fresh water window washing - efficient de-icing and de-misting systems. Technical systems installed should comply with appropriate ISO standards* A catwalk or other means to help maintenance of window wipers and manual cleaning of bridge front windows should be provided. * ISO Marine electric window wipers. 402 The windows shall be made of material which will not break into dangerous fragments if fractured. D. Requirements Specific for SOLAS Vessels D 100 General 101 This sub section gives specific requirements for naval vessels to demonstrate a safety level for Safety of Navigation according to The International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS), Chapter V (Safety of Navigation) as amended.

18 Rules for Ships / High Speed, Light Craft and Naval Surface Craft, January 2005 Amended July 2011, see page 3 Pt.6 Ch.17 Sec.2 Page 18 D 200 Bridge configuration 201 Workstations for performance of primary bridge functions including conning position for pilotage shall be provided for: navigating and manoeuvring (and traffic surveillance) monitoring manual steering docking (preferably on bridge wings when practical) planning (of voyage, routes, vessel operations) safety (monitoring and emergency operations) communication (internal and external) conning (pilot)*. *See also Guidance note of 305 The workstation for monitoring may be combined with: - a workplace for navigation (route monitoring /position-fixing) when the workstation for navigating and manoeuvring provides individual workplaces for traffic surveillance and navigation (chart work) - a backup workstation for navigation and a conning position, enabling navigation, traffic surveillance and manoeuvring at one workplace. The workstation(s) for docking may be combined with the workstation(s) for navigating and manoeuvring and traffic surveillance. 202 Additional workstations may be arranged for performance of other functions than those related to primary bridge functions when relevant. The main types of additional bridge workstations may be divided into three distinct categories based on purpose and functions and whether they should be operated by the watch officer or not: A and B. A. Workstations for functions regarded essential to the safe operation of the vessel, its engines and systems: a) to be monitored and controlled by the watch officer b) to be used by other personnel than the watch officer. B. Workstations for functions not regarded essential to safe operation of the vessel and to be used by other personnel than the watch officer, but located on the bridge for practical reasons. The type of tasks to be performed at the individual workstation and the operating procedures employed may conclude whether a workstation of category A should be of type a) or b). Workstations of category A, type a) are not supposed to include tasks that may prevent the officer in charge of primary bridge functions to leave a workstation for additional functions instantly at any time during operations. See also B The workstations for primary bridge functions shall be arranged to serve their functions under all operating conditions and different manning of the bridge and provide the field of vision required for visual observations and easy cooperation between bridge personnel, promoting effective and safe bridge resource management. 204 Workstations for navigating and manoeuvring, including traffic surveillance and monitoring shall be arranged within an area spacious enough for two persons to carry out the tasks in close cooperation, but sufficiently close together to enable the watch officer to control and safely carry out all the tasks from one working area under normal operating conditions. The workstation for navigating and manoeuvring should be arranged to allow an assisting officer to carry out route monitoring, which may include position-fixing and chart work, and course adjustments when ordered, while the officer in charge concentrates on traffic situations and adjustment of course and speed as required to follow the route and avoid danger of collision. The workplaces should be adjacent to enable easy communication and cooperation when two navigators operate the workstation, and to provide the watch officer with a workstation for safe and efficient performance of all the tasks

19 Amended July 2011, see page 3 Rules for Ships / High Speed, Light Craft and Naval Surface Craft, January 2005 Pt.6 Ch.17 Sec.2 Page 19 when he is the only navigator on the bridge and should use both the workplace for route monitoring/position-fixing and the workplace for traffic surveillance/manoeuvring. 205 Workplaces for performance of navigation, traffic surveillance and monitoring shall be arranged for working in standing as well as seated position with optimum field of vision. D 300 Workstation arrangement and field of vision 301 From the conning position and the workstation for navigating and manoeuvring, the view of the sea surface forward of the bow to 10 on either side under any ballast or cargo condition shall not be obscured by more than 2 vessel lengths (2 x LOA) or 500 metres, whichever is the less. See Fig. 8. Sea surface 2 vessel lengths or 500 m (Whichever is less) Fig. 8 View of the sea surface (drawing is not in scale) For calculation purposes the applied loading condition of the vessels should be a worst case condition (with respect to view of the sea surface forward of the bow) recommended for ocean passages. 302 The workstation for manual steering shall preferably be located on the vessel's centre line and shall not interfere with the functions to be performed by the officer of the watch. The steering position shall provide a forward field of vision not less than 60 to each side. If large masts, cranes, etc., obstruct the view in front of the workstation, the workstation shall be located some distance to starboard of the centre line, sufficiently to obtain a clear view ahead. See Fig. 9. Fig. 9 Field of vision from the workstation for manual steering 303 When the workstation for manual steering is located off centre, or the bow of the vessel cannot be seen from the steering position, special steering references (sighting marks) shall be installed forward of the steering

20 Rules for Ships / High Speed, Light Craft and Naval Surface Craft, January 2005 Amended July 2011, see page 3 Pt.6 Ch.17 Sec.2 Page 20 position. The steering references shall be installed in line parallel to the vessel s centre line for use by day and by night. 304 The vessel s side shall be visible from the bridge wing. Equipment for docking operations from the bridge wings, or a workstation console if installed, shall be located to enable visual observations required for safe manoeuvring of the vessel, monitoring of tug and mooring operations and shall provide a field of vision from not less than 45 on opposite bow to right astern from the working position as shown in Fig. 10. Fig. 10 Field of vision from the workstation for docking when provided at the bridge wings To fulfil the requirement of 304 the bridge wing should extend to the maximum beam of the vessel. For low freeboard vessel, the vessel s side may be visible from the bridge wing even if the bridge wing does not extend to the maximum beam of the vessel. For other types of vessels where the bridge wings does not fully extend to the maximum beam of the vessel or, where no bridge wings are provided, alternative solutions (e.g. near hull monitoring systems such as CCTV) making the vessel s side visible from the bridge may be accepted. 305 The main conning position shall be located close to the front centre window to provide a commanding external view, including a view of the sea surface sufficiently close to both sides of the vessel s bow for safe directing of the steering in narrow canals and buoy lanes. The position for the conning station may be met by the workstation for monitoring/backup navigation when located sufficiently close to the forward centre window provided the workstation is installed in addition to a complete workstation for navigation, traffic surveillance and manoeuvring and therefore not required by the vessel s personnel during pilotage (See Guidance note of 201). 306 It shall be possible to watch the area in front of the bridge superstructure from the wheelhouse. There should be a close approach access to at least one front window providing the view of the area in front of the bridge superstructure. The figure below shows the principles for bridge layout with front workstations arranged for operations in seated and standing position and with bridge wing bulkheads in line of sight from the working positions. Close approach access to front windows is maintained.

21 Amended July 2011, see page 3 Rules for Ships / High Speed, Light Craft and Naval Surface Craft, January 2005 Pt.6 Ch.17 Sec.2 Page 21 A bridge area which may be regarded outside the navigating bridge and the sectors of required field of vision from workstations are indicated. Field of vision from workstation is indicated Fig. 11 Location of workstations and required fields of vision (Position-fixing in paper charts - Passageway and conning position in front.) Radar ECDIS Bulkhead windows in line of sight from chair to reduce blind sector Docking Conning Monitoring NAV Backup Route planning Steering Safety - GMDSS Navigating & Man. Docking Fig. 12 Required field of vision from the workstation for radio communication and safety operations when to be controlled and infrequently used for short periods of time by the watch officer (Navigation based on electronic chart system (ECDIS/WECDIS) - Conning position at console.) Note to Fig.12: Location of ECDIS/WECDIS at the workstation for navigating and manoeuvring (incl. traffic surveillance) enables position-fixing at this position and makes the area a complete workstation (WS) for the navigation function and manoeuvring. This leaves the workstation for navigation backup/monitoring available for conning when installed at the front bulkhead. Close approach access to front windows is maintained. D 400 Arrangement of navigational systems and equipment 401 The type and number of navigational systems and equipment to be carried shall at least incorporate the items specified in Sec.4, and shall be installed at the various workstations with the aim of: facilitating the tasks to be performed by the bridge team in making full appraisal of the situation and in navigating the vessel safely under all operational conditions enabling the bridge team to have convenient and continuous access to essential information that is presented in a clear and unambiguous manner, using standardized symbols and coding systems for controls and displays indicating the operational status of automated functions and integrated components, systems and/or sub-systems minimizing the risk of human error and detecting such error if it occurs through monitoring and alarm systems, in time for the bridge team to take appropriate action.

22 Rules for Ships / High Speed, Light Craft and Naval Surface Craft, January 2005 Amended July 2011, see page 3 Pt.6 Ch.17 Sec.2 Page 22 The relative location of individual equipment and their placement in relation to the distance from the working position of the user are governed by: type and range of equipment to be installed equipment relationship with tasks to be performed at the various workstations importance of equipment functions and frequency of use workstation and console configurations size of equipment and space available for installation. 402 Other means than those specified in Sec. 4 may be permitted, provided they serve the same functions and are approved in accordance with Sec.4 A The workstation for navigating and manoeuvring shall have working positions for position-fixing, manoeuvring and traffic surveillance as close as possible for efficient use by the officer of the watch, but also enabling the tasks to be performed by two navigators in close cooperation. The working position for operating the radar with collision avoidance functions should be regarded the main working position at this workstation. Controls for course and speed adjustments should be located within reach from this position to enable collision avoidance manoeuvres without losing view of the traffic, and means for positionmonitoring/-fixing should be readily available. 404 The location of equipment at the workstations (see also 403) for navigating, manoeuvvring, traffic surveillance and monitoring shall enable easy use of all controls, switches and buttons from standing position and easy use of primary means for route monitoring, traffic surveillance, heading and speed adjustments, internal and external communication, including the vessel s whistle and change of steering mode, from seated position. Work in paper charts and manoeuvring requiring the use of lateral thrusters may be performed in standing position only, but controls for thruster systems shall be grouped with controls for propulsion and manual steering. The position for operation of radars and the position at the centre console for harbour manoeuvres are regarded the main working positions at the workstation for navigating and manoeuvring. Fig.13 indicates location of main categories of equipment that should be within reach from the front workstation comprising three workplaces. Conning information Position-fix receivers Dimmers Windows Paper charts Alarms Communication Steer 1 2 Thrust Propulsion Steer 3 Fig. 13 Example of principle location of main equipment in a centre console which includes manoeuvring functions