An Introduction to Patent Translation
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- Clarence Leonard Todd
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1 An Introduction to Patent Translation Copyright Patent Translations Inc For information or permission to reprint vist or call
2 What kind of job is patent translation? Predictable Well paid Increasingly in demand Technically challenging Linguistically challenging Highly detail oriented
3 How big is the US market? Patents Filed in the US from Foreign Countries words per day fulltime translators Japan 2,263 8,566 21,431 39,872 71,994 2,000, Germany 5,728 8,258 10,452 11,853 20, , Korea ,820 17, , France 2,238 3,048 3,605 5,001 6, , Sweden 833 1,359 1,239 1,500 2,243 60, China ,127 60, Russia ,000 3 Source: USPTO
4 How much of an expert do I need to be? technical expertise patent expertise Inventor's Guide to Successful Patent Applications, by Thomas E. Deforest ATA s Japanese Patent Translation Handbook ATA s Patent Translation Handbook (this year) Landis on Mechanics of Patent Claim Drafting, by Robert C. Faber. How to Write a Patent Application, by Jeffrey G. Sheldon
5 What is a patent?. A patent is an agreement between a government and an applicant. The government promises to stop anybody other than the applicant from using the invention for a fixed period of time. The applicant promises to let everyone know exactly how the invention works.
6 Us Patent Requirements: new (novel) not obvious useful enabling shows possession distinctly claims
7 Why are patents translated?
8 Get the idea. File in your home country or market of choice. Make sure the idea is not already known. File in other countries. Develop the invention Defend your patent at the PTO. Draft claims and description. Defend your patent from infringement.
9 Basic Methodology 1. Maintain one-to-one correspondence between source and target 2. Respect sentence breaks and carriage returns 3. Be consistent in vocabulary and phrasing 4. Use appropriate annotation
10 One-to-one correspondence La présente invention concerne un dispositif complémentaire au rideau de douche. The present invention relates to an auxiliary device for a shower curtain. 4.1 Conservation of lexemes 4.2 Equivalent phrasing
11 Only worry about the lexemes Lexemes are the basic units in content words, and have independent meaning. Function words are the grammatical glue that holds lexemes together. For our purposes, we are going to say that lexemes include: nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs and numerals. Function word include: articles, pronouns, prepositions, postpositions, conjunctions, auxiliary verbs, interjections, and particles. dog, gun, multitasking, run, implement, disassociate, fast, slowly, 150, five, him, she, it, they, that, of, on, under, before, thereafter, thereby, and, but, for, so, unless, because, is, may, can, should, will, to, even, there
12 Spot the lexeme The invention relates generally to the field of writing instruments. The casing may also be referred to as a barrel or a sheath. The casing may also be referred to as a barrel or a sheath.
13 Conserving lexemes F L L L L (jump) L F L L The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog. Over the lazy dog, jumped the quick brown fox. The lazy dog was jumped over by the quick brown fox. The fox, which was quick and brown, jumped over the dog, which was lazy. The fox did jump, and did so over the dog, the fox being both quick and brown, while the dog was lazy.
14 Word and phrase order La présente invention est relative à un système de verrouillage des portières d'un véhicule automobile. The present invention relates to a system of locking of the doors of a motor vehicle. The present invention relates to a motor vehicle door locking system. The present invention relates to a door locking system for a motor vehicle. The present invention relates to a system whereby the doors of a motor vehicle can be locked.
15 Word and phrase order 窒 素 源 としては 硫 酸 アンモニウム 塩 化 アンモニウム 尿 素 等 或 いはこれらの 混 合 物 を 使 用 することができる For the nitrogen source, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, urea and the like, or a mixture thereof, can be used. Ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, urea and the like, or a mixture thereof, can be used as the nitrogen source. The nitrogen source can be chosen from ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, urea and the like, or a mixture thereof.
16 Parts of speech Dieses Mittel wurde auf eine belichtete und ausgewaschene Photopolymer-Hochdruckplatte gesprüht... This product was sprayed on a light-exposed and rinsed-off photopolymer letterpress printing plate... This product was sprayed on a photopolymer letterpress printing plate, which had been exposed to light and rinsed-off... After preparing a photopolymer letterpress printing plate by exposing it to light and rinsing it off, the product was sprayed on
17 Parts of speach La présente invention propose un système qui permette une resynchronisation fiable et économique entre émetteur et récepteur. The present invention proposes a system which allows a reliable and economic resynchronization between transmitter and receiver. The present invention proposes a system that allows the transmitter and the receiver to be resynchronized reliably and economically. The present invention proposes a reliable and economical system for resynchronizing the transmitter and the receiver.
18 Equivalent Phrasing Equivalent phrasing is using a phrase or a term in the target text that comprises different lexemes from those in the source text, but which is the functionally equivalent to a phrase or a term in the source text.
19 When to use Equivalent Phrasing When the equivalence is very well established (usually, but not always, when the equivalence is listed in a dictionary) When conserving the source lexemes would lead to undue confusion, or highly unnatural style
20 Established Equivalents l'homme du métier man of the trade those skilled in the art 特 許 請 求 の 範 囲 Scope of the Patent Claims Claims
21 Avoiding Confusion... 電 源 の 切 り 忘 れを 防 止 し 得 る... it is possible to prevent forgetting to turn the power off... it is possible to prevent [people from] forgetting to turn the power off...it is possible to prevent the power from being accidentally left on.
22 Appropriate annotation Use square brackets to indicate added text. Use footnotes, or italics within square brackets, to add comments. Use raised numbers in parenthesis to reference amendments.
23 Adding lexemes ローラの 回 転 角 に 応 じた 個 数 の 信 号 を 発 生 する 手 段 means for generating a number of signals corresponding to the rotational angle of the roller means for generating a number of signal [pulses] corresponding to the rotational angle of the roller means for generating a number of signal [pulses] corresponding to [the amount by which] the roller [has been rotated]
24 Indicating problems Transmission s'effectue de la clé 20 au dispositif d'identification 20. Transmission is made from the key 20 [sic] to the identification device 20. Transmission is made from the key [30] to the identification device 20.
25 Difficult to translate typos... 同 一 部 分 には 同 一 番 号 を 付 して 詳 細 な 説 明 は 商 略 する...identical parts are given identical numerals and detailed descriptions thereof are the subject of a business plan [sic]....identical parts are given identical numerals and detailed descriptions thereof are omitted 1. 1: There is a typographical error in the original Japanese text. trans.
26 How do I learn patentese? read patents
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