TABLE OF CONTENTS 2. PHOSPHORUS AND NITROGEN IN WASTEWATER 3. PHOSPHORUS AND NITROGEN REMOVAL MECHANISM 4. PROCESS REQUIREMENT AND CONTROL FACTOR

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2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Submittal 1. INTRODUCTION 2. PHOSPHORUS AND NITROGEN IN WASTEWATER 3. PHOSPHORUS AND NITROGEN REMOVAL MECHANISM 3.1 Chemical Phosphorus Removal 3.2 Biological Phosphorus Removal General Mechanism Historical Overview Biochemical Model of P Removal P Release not associated with Acetate Uptake 3.3 Biological Nitrogen Control Nitrification Biological Denitrification Denitrification under Aerobic Condition 4. PROCESS REQUIREMENT AND CONTROL FACTOR 4.1 Phosphorus Removal Process Substrate Availability Nitrate Environmental Conditions Design and Operational Parameters Monitoring and Controlling Parameters Effluent Suspended Solid 4.2 Nitrification Process Alkalinity ph Temperature - 1 -

3.3 Denitrification under Aerobic Condition 4. PROCESS REQUIREMENT AND CONTROL FACTOR 4.1 Phosphorus Removal Process 4.1.1 Substrate Availability 4.1.2 Nitrate 4.1.3 Environmental Conditions 4.1.4 Design and Operational Parameters 4.

3 4.2.4 DO 4.3 Denitrification Process Alkalinity DO 5. BIOLOGICAL NUTRIENT REMOVAL SYSTEM 5.1 Phosphorus Removal System Phostrip Modified Bardenpho Process A/O and A 2 /O Process UCT and Modified UCT Process VIP Process Sequencing Batch Reactor Combination Biological Phosphorus Removal System 5.2 Nitrogen Removal System Two-Sludge Process Single-Sludge Process 6. BENEFIT OF BIOLOGICAL NUTRIENT REMOVAL 7. NUTRIENT REMOVAL IN FIXED-FILM SYSTEM 8. BIOLOGICAL PHOSPHORUS REMOVAL FROM RBC EFFLUENT 8.1 RBC-Process 8.2 Phosphorus Removal in RBC system 8.3 RBC Effluent Treatment Process 8.4 Significance of the RETP REFERENCES - 2 -

2 Nitrogen Removal System 5.2.1 Two-Sludge Process 5.2.2 Single-Sludge Process 6. BENEFIT OF BIOLOGICAL NUTRIENT REMOVAL 7. NUTRIENT REMOVAL IN FIXED-FILM SYSTEM 8.

4 LIST OF FIGURES Fig Schematic Biological P Removal Mechanism Fig Biochemical Model for Anaerobic Metabolism of P Removal Bacteria by Comeau et al.(1986) Fig Biochemical Model for Aerobic(and Anoxic) Metabolism of P Removal Bacteria by Comeau et al.(1986) Fig Biochemical Model for AnaerobicMetabolism of P Removal Bacteria by Wentzel et al.(1986) Fig Biochemical Model for Aerobic Metabolism of P Removal Bacteria by Wentzel et al.(1986) Fig Total Phosphate Contributed by Effluent Total Suspended Solids(U.S. EPA, 1987) Fig Phostrip Process Fig Modified Bardenpho Process Fig A/O Process Fig A 2 /O Process Fig UCT Process Fig Modified UCT Process Fig SBR Operating Sequence for P Removal Fig Combination Biological Phosphorus Removal System Fig Carbon Oxidation-Nitrification and Denitrification System Fig Bardenpho Process Fig Oxidation Ditch System Fig RBC System for Chemical P Removal Fig RBC Effluent Treatment Process for P-Removal - 3 -

Biochemical Model for Aerobic Metabolism of P Removal Bacteria by Wentzel et al.(1986) Fig. 4-1. Total Phosphate Contributed by Effluent Total Suspended Solids(U.S. EPA, 1987) Fig. 5-1.

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11 Fig Schematic Biological P Removal Mechanism - 6 -

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15 Fig Biochemical Model for Anaerobic Metabolism of P Removal Bacteria by Comeau et al.(1986) Fig Biochemical Model for Aerobic(and Anoxic) Metabolism of P Removal Bacteria by Comeau et al.(1986)

Removal Bacteria by Comeau et al.(1986) Fig. 3-3.

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17 Fig Biochemical Model for Aerobic Metabolism of P removal Bacteria by Wentzel et al.(1986)

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36 Fig Phostrip Process

37 Fig.5-2.Modified Bardenpho Process Fig A/O Process

38 Fig A 2 /O Process

39 Fig UCT Process. Fig Modified UCT Process

40 Fig.5-7. SBR Operating Sequence For P Removal

41 Fig.5-8. Combination Biological Phosphorus Removal System(U.S.EPA, 1987)

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43 Fig.5-9. Cabon Oxidation-Nitrifiction and Denitrification System

44 Fig Bardenpho Process Fig Oxidation Ditch System

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50 Fig RBC System for Chemical P Removal

51 Fig RBC Effluent Treatment Process for P Removal

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OPTIMIZING BIOLOGICAL PHOSPHORUS REMOVAL FROM AN SBR SYSTEM MIDDLEBURY, VT. Paul Klebs, Senior Applications Engineer Aqua-Aerobic Systems, Inc.

OPTIMIZING BIOLOGICAL PHOSPHORUS REMOVAL FROM AN SBR SYSTEM ABSTRACT MIDDLEBURY, VT Paul Klebs, Senior Applications Engineer Aqua-Aerobic Systems, Inc. The Middlebury Wastwater Treatment Plant, located